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1. Dīvān-i Mīr Zāhid Afghānī muḥashshī
- الوصف:
- Divan-i Mir Zahi Afghani Muhashi (Collection of poetics of Mir Zahid) is a collection of Pushto poems of Mir Zahid Afghani Muhashi. There is no information about this person other than his name, which appears in this collection. It is not known whether Mir Zahid is the author or the compiler. The collection is a lithographic publication, printed in Lahore in 1915. The contents and genre suggest that it is most likely a copy of an older work of Pushto language and literature. The work is in five sections. Section one (pages 1-19) is organized by the Arabic alphabet and includes one or more poems starting with each of the 28 Arabic letters. Section two (pages 19-45) follows no order. However, the poems contain similar themes, such as the importance and value of unity in a society, the power and immortality of God, and other ethical and doctrinal themes. Section three, the longest section (pages 46-168), is organized according to an old Pushto alphabetic order, made up of 39 letters rather the current 45. One, or several, poems in this section starts or ends metrically with each of the Pushto alphabetic letters. Section four, which is only two pages, has few a Pushto rubayat (quatrains). Section five, also about two pages, has random verses from the poet, which seem to have been added by the publisher. All five sections contain various discourses about ethics, philosophy, knowledge, education, and related themes, major concerns of the Muslim literati classes, including Pushto poets, at the turn of 20th century, as well as earlier in the modern era. The collection has a number of distinctive, and even unique, characteristics. The poet or a later compiler has provided extensive commentaries and interpretations in the footnotes and margins. While the verses are in Pushto, the commentaries are almost entirely in Persian. In addition to its literary value, the book is an important source for intellectual history and for Pushto literary materials, which have remained unknown among scholars of Pushtun societies. The work has the official Afghan governmental emblem on its cover, but it also lists private sponsors. The first two patrons are introduced as "booksellers of Qandahar." The third person, the designer of the cover page, is identified as Abdul Rashid Mahboob; his name appears on the bottom right-side of the cover page. This lithographic edition is 172 pages in all. The pages have clear Arabic numbering. A Persian handwritten verse note on the second blank page of this copy invokes a religious discourse from the medieval Persian poet Abu Said Abu al-Khair and states that the writer of the note, either the compiler or a later owner, wishes to live until the year 2015 or 2017. World Digital Library.
2. Dīvān-i Niyāz, Fārsī
- الوصف:
- Lithographed. Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress Web site. In Persian.
3. Hāz̲ihi al-nuskhah musammá Hasht bihisht min taṣnīf-i Amīr Khusraw quddisa sirruh
- الوصف:
- Manuscript. Persian. Title from fol. 1a. Ghulām Nabī walad Miyān ʻAbd al-Ghafūr. Copied in Pir Ramzan Ghazi neighborhood, Multan, Pakistan. Paper: glossy laid paper of varying thickness with no visible chain-lines or watermarks; small unwan in red, green, gold and black ink with a thick black border; black ink, section headings in red ink; catchwords on rectos. Nastaʻliq; 13 lines in written area 14.5 x 8.3 cm. Folios 1b-135a. Library of Congress. Persian manuscript, 1. Contemporary red Indian binding. Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress website. Incipit: هذه النسخة المسماة هشت بهشت من تصنيف ختم الشعراء وافصح الفصحاء دركاه اله امير خسرو ... Colophon: تمت تمام كتاب هشت بهشت از يد فقير حقير پير تقصير غلام نبي ولد ميان عبد الغفور ... ساكن محله پير رمضان غازي ...
4. Kitāb K̲h̲airullug̲h̲āt, yaʻnī, Pushto Urdū lug̲h̲āt
- الوصف:
- Dictionary of Pushto into Urdu. Kitāb K̲h̲airullug̲h̲āt yaʻnī Pushto Urdū Lugh̲āt (Pushto-Urdu Dictionary of Khairullah) was published in a lithographic version in Lahore in 1906. The author, Qazi Khairullah, took six years to produce the work. Khairullah, who is pictured in a simple drawing at the beginning of the book, was a church missionary and teacher of Pushto. The book has a preface in Urdu (pages 1-3), in which the author discusses the importance of having a Pushto-Urdu dictionary and its use as a supplementary book for schools that were being established in the borderland regions of the Northwest Frontier Province of British India. This is followed by a brief essay (pages 3-6) in Urdu, "Tārīkh-i Zabān-i Pushto" (History of the Pushto language), in which the author identifies Pushto as an Indo-European language (like Persian, Latin, and Sanskrit). He states that there is no textual evidence predating the arrival of Islam to support that Pushto had an ancient alphabet. The bulk of the work (pages 7-192) is the Pushto-Urdu vocabulary. The dictionary does not include the many words in Pushto that start with the letter ya, the last letter of Pushto alphabet. The volume presented here is the first Pushto-Urdu dictionary ever compiled. It was produced at a period in the history in the Northwest Frontier Province when Pushto- and Urdu-speaking peoples were interacting with each other in increasing numbers through contacts with the British Indian Army and at schools in the region. World Digital Library.
5. Muntakhab-i Mas̲navī-i sharīf
- الوصف:
- Selections of the Masnavi of Jalal al-Din Rumi.
6. Ruqʻāt-i ʻĀlamgīrī-i muḥashshá
- الوصف:
- Letters written by the Mughal Emperor to his sons, daughter, friends and ministers, originally published in 1875 in Lahore. This lithographic book, published in 1875 in Lahore, present-day Pakistan, is a volume of letters written by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (1618-1707, reigned 1658-1707) to his sons, daughter, friends, and ministers. It also includes jottings, as in an occasional journal, on events and other things that caught his attention. The marginal printed notes were added by an unknown person and probably postdate the work itself. After imprisoning his father, Emperor Shah Jahan, and killing his brothers, Aurangzeb crowned himself emperor of India and assumed the title ʻĀlamgīr (meaning world-conquering, but also connoting sweeping and universal). The Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent under Aurangzeb, but his harsh rule and attempt to impose strict Muslim orthodoxy on India provoked revolts by non-Muslim peoples and led to the decline of the empire. Aurangzeb's treatment of the Hindus was especially harsh, and included the imposition of a poll tax and the destruction of many Hindu temples. Aurangzeb was interested in poetry and literature, and his letters are regarded as models of elegant Persian prose. World Digital Library.
7. Tardīd-i shāyiʻāt-i bāṭilah-ʼi shāh-i makhlūʻ : ʻayn-i fayṣalah-ʼi numrah 5 Lūyah-i Jirgah-i 1309 Afghānistān
- الوصف:
- Cover title. Includes a list of members of the Afghan Parliament, year 1309 [1930]. In Persian and Urdu.
8. Tavārīkh-i khūrshīd-i jahān
- الوصف:
- Tavarikh-i Khurshid-i Jahan (literally, Histories of the sun of the world) is primarily a history of Afghan Pushtun (or Pashtun) ancestry. It describes Afghan Pushtun genealogies, the various lineages, and the many political events, wars, and polities, such as the Safavid and Mughal dynasties in Khorasan and India, with which the Pushtuns have historically been identified. The book is arranged in four sections. Section one is a detailed list of contents. Section two begins with a preface containing the names of the author, patron, and contributor and proclaims that the work is "to be a book of history of Afghan Pushtun ancestry since the creation of Adam." This section covers the various popular genealogical legends of the Afghan Pushtuns, chief among them that they are descendants of one of the tribes of Israelites, specifically children of Saul, the first king of Israel. Section three is the main text and has eight chapters devoted to the history of the Pushtuns. An epilogue, written both in prose and verse, gives the author's name, publication details, and a brief conclusion of the contents of the book. Tables charting the various genealogies of Afghan Pushtuns with detailed introductions to each lineage appear in several chapters. For example, tables outlining the descent of the Barakzais, Alokzais, Mohmands, Kakars, and other families appear on pages 188-319. These genealogical tables are followed by detailed discussions. The book was published in 1894 in Lahore (present-day Pakistan). The full name of the author, Sher Muḥammad Khān Saheb Gandapur Ibrahim Zai (circa 1837-1902), appears on the cover of the book. He most likely was a Gandapur Pushtun and an official appointed by the British in the municipality of Kulachi in Dera Ismail Khan, one of the administrative centers in the Northwest Frontier Province of British India. The preface says that he had written another historical work called Gulshan-i Afghanistan (Flower garden of Afghanistan), published under the title Hayat-i Afghani (Ancestry of the Afghans). Sher Muḥammad Khān claims that Hayat-i Afghani fell into the hands of Mohammad Hayat Khan Saheb, a judicial official in Bannu District of the province, who published it under his own name; the veracity of this claim has not been proven. It is clear, however, that Tavarīkh-i Khurshid-i Jahan was published under the patronage of Sardar Mohammad Hayat Khan Saheb, who could possibly have been the same official. The 319 pages of the work are numbered with Indo-Arabic numerals. World Digital Library.
9. Ḥayāt-i Afghānī
- الوصف:
- Includes detailed contents in English (p. 5-19)--at back. Lithograph. Includes index. In In Urdu, Persian, Pushto and English.