In this manuscript, medical illustrations have been painted over the text of al-I’rab ’an qawā’id al-i’rab by Jamāl al-Dīn ibn Hishām (b. 708/1310, d. 761/1360), a Cairene grammarian. The treatise is an introduction to the study of the Arabic sentence.Medical illustration : a female figure with gravid uterus. The illustration is a 20th century over-painting over a page of grammatical text.49G: medicine, medical science