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37. Vol 3 Letters Outward (from Bushire)
- Description:
- Abstract: A collection of letters sent outwards from the Residency in Bushire between 1778 and 1787. The majority of the letters are sent to East India Company officials at Bussora [Basra] and Bombay. Letters are also sent to numerous ship captains and a limited number are sent to local rulers. The letters cover a wide range of topics including trade, financial and administrative matters, political developments in Persia (especially following the death of Carim Cahn [Karim Khan] in 1779), hostilities with the French in India and regional conflicts involving the Chaub [the Banu Ka'b tribal confederacy] and other local powers.Physical description: A bound letter book.Pagination: The file has three sets of pagination: one at the top of the page and two on the bottom. The set on the bottom left-hand corner of each page is consistent throughout the file; this is the sequence which has been used by this catalogue to reference items within the file.A small number of items in this file are damaged and have some text missing.
38. Part of the Arabian side of the Persian Gulf; from Core Abdullah to Ras Reccan, Surveyed by Lieutenants J.M. Guy, G.B. Brucks, & W.E. Rogers, H.E.I.Cs. Marine, 1825. ‘Sheet, 2 and 4. Engraved by R. Bateman’
- Description:
- Abstract: Imprint:Published by James Horsburgh, Hydrographer to the East India Company.Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures. Depth shown by soundings.Nautical chart of the Arabian side of the Persian Gulf showing the coastline from Ras el Ghar with the Island of Bahrein and the western shores of the Qatar Peninsula compiled from the surveys carried out by the Bombay Marine’s officers between 1820 and 1829.Uqair in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia labelled ‘Formerly Port to the Wahabee, Capital, Deriah’. Hawar Islands off the west coast of Qatar labelled ‘Wardens Islands’.Physical description: Dimensions:878 x 620 mm, on sheet 1019 x 677 mm
39. Sketch map showing approximate area served by Bahrain as a distributing port
- Description:
- Abstract: A sketch map prepared for the Bahrain Political Agent to illustrate the area of the Arabian Peninsula — shown in pink — served by trade with Bahrain.Physical description: Materials: 1 paper folioDimensions: 332 x 206mm
40. Sketch map of Bahrain and surrounding ports
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:Shows western shores of the Persian Gulf with key regional ports marked and underlined in red. The map was produced to illustrate the debate over the port of Zubara, Qatar.Printed version of this map is hold at IOR/R/15/1/319, folio 113.Physical description: Materials:Pen and ink on tracing clothDimensions:185 x 150 mm
41. Sketch map of Bahrain and surrounding ports
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:This is a printed version of a sketch map hold at IOR/R/15/1/319, folio 100.Shows western shores of the Persian Gulf with key regional ports marked and underlined in red. The map was produced to illustrate the debate over the port of Zubara, Qatar.Below In the left-hand corner below neat line: ‘S.D.O. no. 2794, February 1920.’Physical description: Dimensions:168 x 145 mm, on sheet 342 x 200 mm
42. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 90 of 1840, dated 30 October 1840. The enclosures are numbered 3-30 and are dated 21 July to 16 October 1840.The enclosures relate to Persian Gulf affairs, and cover matters including:The Acting Assistant Resident in Charge, Persian Gulf, Thomas Mackenzie (also spelled Mackensie in this item), stating that he is not aware of any reason to believe the Imaum [Imām] of Muscat intends to attempt to possess Bahrein [Bahrain, also spelled Bahrien in this item], and the view of the Government of Bombay that Mackenzie’s impression is erroneousThe opinion of Mackenzie on which season of the year the climate on the islands of Bahrein, Kishm [Qeshm] and Karrak [Kharg, also spelled Karrack in this item] is most unhealthy for the constitutions of EuropeansThe intention of the Shaikh of Bahrein, Mahommed ben Khulifa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah, also spelled Mahomed ben Khalifa in this item], to undertake an expedition against Kateef [Qatif] and Lahsa [al-Hasa] in order to establish his authority over that district and free it from the control of Koorchid Pacha [Khūrshīd Pāshā, also spelled Khoorschid Pacha in this item]. Mahommed ben Khulifa’s request for assistance from the British Government with this undertaking, and for the protection of his property at Bahrein during his absence against any potential attempts by his uncle to dispossess him of itThe view of the Government of Bombay as to whether it would be desirable to make any augmentation to the garrison at KarrackIntelligence received from the News Writer at Shiraz, including the Shah having sent his army in detachments to Caswin [Qazvin] and then returned to Tehran, the severe sickness which has occurred at Karrack in August, and the death of Captain Strong of the Bombay European RegimentIntelligence received from the Government Agent, Bahrien, on the state of affairs at BahrienThe Government Agent at Bahrien reporting that Mahomed Effendi [Muḥammad Effendī], the Deputy of Koorshid Pacha at Katif, has left Katif with his followers and gone to Lahsa, on his way to join Koorschid Pacha, in the vicinity of Medina (also spelled Medinah in this item), and that Ameer Khalid [Amīr Khālid bin Sa‘ūd Āl Sa‘ūd] has been proclaimed Governor of Central Arabia [Najd]A despatch from Mackenzie to HM Political Agent and Consul General, Egypt, reporting on the state of affairs in ArabiaCaptain Atkins Hamerton, on a mission to Muskat (also spelled Muscat in this item), reporting the renewal of ‘friendship’ between the Chief of Sohar, Saud Hamood byn Azan [Ḥamūd bin Azan Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and the Imaum of MuscatThe concurrence of the Governor-General of India in Council in the opinion of the Government of Bombay that it would not be expedient to hold out to the Imaum of Muscat the prospect of support from the British Government in an attack upon BahreinThe view of the Governor-General that Captain Atkins Hamerton should remain at Muscat during the ‘healthy season’ after the departure of the Imaum of Muscat for the African CoastDespatches from the Secretary to the British Legation in Persia [Iran], Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, to HM Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, reporting on the state of affairs in Persia [Iran] and the movements of the ShahReports prevalent in Persia of the intention of the Shah to attack Bagdad [Baghad].The main correspondents are as follows: the Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, Lestock Robert Reid; Mackenzie; Hamerton; the Native Agent at Muscat; and Sheil.The item also includes enclosed correspondence from: the Shaikh of Bahrien; the News Writer at Shiraz; the Chief of Debay, Shaikh Mukhtoom [Shaikh Maktūm I bin Buṭṭī Āl Bū Falāsah]; the Government Agent, Bahrein; Commodore George Barnes Brucks, Indian Navy, Commanding the Persian Gulf Naval Squadron; and HM Consul at Tabreez [Tabriz], Edward Walter Bonham.Physical description: 1 item (110 folios)
43. Coll 30/185 'OIL: Hasa Oil. Qn of a pre-emption agreement.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the question ('Qn' in the file title) of whether the British Government required a pre-emption agreement (to commandeer oil in case of national emergency) in the case of oil from Hasa.The file includes correspondence on the matter from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; minutes by India Office officials; and comments from the Admiralty, the Petroleum Department, and the Foreign Office.The papers discuss the political and contractual position. The Political Resident confirms in a letter dated 23 January 1940 that all Hasa oil that was imported for refining in Bahrain was bought by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) from the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC). This, in the opinion of British officials, would facilitate the commandeering of oil if necessary (folio 3)The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 35; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
44. Coll 30/31 'Hasa Coast; Entry of Hindu Merchants into Hasa; Attitude of Ibn Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence pertaining to the re-entry of Hindu merchants to al-Hasa and Qatif after a number of them had been ordered to leave in 1928.The majority of the correspondence in the file is between British officials, but it also contains a limited amount of letters that were exchanged between British diplomatic staff in Jeddah and the King of Saudi Arabia, Ibn Sa'ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and one of his closest advisors, Yusuf Yassin.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 58; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
45. Coll 5/1 ‘Persian Gulf Air Routes: Hasa Coast & Flying over Nejd territory — Saudi regulations for the landing of foreign aircraft’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and papers related to negotiations between the British Government and the Government of Saudi Arabia for the establishment of emergency landing grounds along the Hasa Coast, and proposed arrangements for their maintenance. The intention was that these facilities would be used by aircraft of the Royal Air Force (RAF) or Imperial Airways in the event of an emergency. It further covers measures to be taken to prevent the intrusion of British aircraft into Saudi territory during the progress of negotiations.Also briefly covered in the file is a visit by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] to the Netherlands in 1935 (see folios 26-71) and the attitude of the Saudis to foreign aircraft flying over their territory (see folios 3-21).The main correspondents are as follows: HM Minister at Jeddah (Sir Andrew Ryan), officials of the Foreign Office (mainly George William Rendel), and officials of the Air Ministry (mainly James Stirling Ross). The negotiations are primarily undertaken through Fuad Bey Hamza and Shaikh Yusuf Yasin.Prior to 1932, Saudi Arabia was known as the Kingdoms of Hejaz and Nejd, and this is reflected in the file.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 282; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Bookmarks are present on the verso side of f 41 and f 272; these have been labelled with an ‘a’.
46. Coll 6/48 'Oil: Concessions in Saudi Arabia. (Hasa)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to oil concessions in Saudi Arabia, particularly the Hasa [Al Hasa] concession between the Government of Saudi Arabia and the Standard Oil Company of California (SoCal). It includes discussion of the following:Oil negotiations in Saudi Arabia during March and April 1933, and the reported involvement of Major Frank Holmes in negotiations relating to the Kuwait (also spelled Koweit in the file) [Saudi-Kuwaiti] neutral zone.Details of an agreement for the oil concession relating to the Hasa region of Saudi Arabia, made between the Government of Saudi Arabia and SoCal (signed on 27 May 1933), and assigned by SoCal to its subsidiary, the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc).British concerns regarding a request made by Casoc via the United States Embassy for its aeroplane to be permitted to fly over Kuwait and Bahrain, as part of a survey of the region relating to its oil concession.Reports that Casoc may be interested in exhanging the southern half of its Hasa concession for land further west, and the effect that this might have on Britain's negotiations with Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].Reports of the discovery of oil in Hasa in 1935, and the discovery of commercial quantities of oil there in March 1938.Reports that Casoc is considering the possibility of laying a pipeline from Hasa to Bahrain.Casoc's oil rights in the Kuwait neutral zone.The progress of operations carried out in Hasa by Casoc, including the status of its wells at Dhahran.An account of a visit made by the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman) to Casoc's site at Dhahran as well as to other areas in the region, in May 1939.Details of a loan from Casoc to the Government of Saudi Arabia.Reports of Casoc having taken the decision to construct a refinery at Ras Tanura.The file features the following principal correspondents: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Secretary of State for the Colonies; His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires, Jedda; the His Majesty's Minister at Jedda; officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the War Office, the Air Ministry, and the Petroleum Department; representatives of Casoc.In addition to correspondence the file includes the following:Copies of the oil agreement and a supplementary agreement between the Government of Saudi Arabia and the Standard Oil Company of California, dated 1933 and 1939 respectively.Extracts from Bahrain and Kuwait intelligence reports.The minutes of an interdepartmental meeting held at the Colonial Office on 26 April 1933, concerning British interests in oil in the Persian Gulf (notably Kuwait, Bahrain, Hasa in Saudi Arabia, and the Kuwaiti neutral zone).Draft and final copies of a War Office report entitled 'Brief Summary of the Oil Situation in the Middle East, November 1934'.The date range of the volume is 1923-1945 but only a handful of items date from before 1933. These include copies of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf's correspondence with the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India respectively, which date from 1923 to 1926 and concern the possibility of oil development both in Qatar and on the Trucial Coast.The file includes three dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 2-4).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 575; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
47. Coll 6/60 'Saudi Arabia: Oil Concessions in Asir and the Farsan Islands.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns prospective Saudi oil concessions for Asir and the Farsan Islands.In a telegram to the Foreign Office, dated 4 June 1933, His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan) reports that the recent Hasa concession, which was granted by the Saudi Government to the California Arabian Standard Oil Company, has stimulated interest in the possibility of further oil concessions for other parts of Saudi Arabia, notably Asir and the Farsan Islands. Ryan's telegram also reports that King Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], who has been approached by Italian oil companies, wishes to know whether any British oil companies would be interested.The remaining correspondence reports on communications between the British Government's Petroleum Department and various British oil companies (including the Iraq Petroleum Company, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the Shell Group, and the Eastern and General Syndicate) regarding those companies' interest (or lack thereof) in pursuing a concession for either location.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 21; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
48. Notes Prepared for Reference during Curzon’s Tour of the Persian Gulf, and Other Papers on Persia and the Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to Persia [Iran] and the Persian Gulf, including a document entitled ‘Notes on current topics prepared for reference during his Excellency the Viceroy’s tour in the Persian Gulf, November 1903.’ It also includes printed extracts of letters relating to the tour from Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Arnold Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Agent at Maskat [Muscat], dated August to October 1903.In addition, the file includes the following papers:Handwritten notes by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, including notes on Muscat, Koweit [Kuwait], and the Mekran [Makran] CoastMemoranda concerning KoweitA copy of a letter from Colonel Charles Edward Yate, Agent to the Governor-General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan, to the Secretary to the Government of India Foreign Department, forwarding the camp diary kept during his tour in Makran and Las Bela, from 1 December 1901 to 25 January 1902A copy of a 'Report on a Journey from India to the Mediterranean via the Persian Gulf, Baghdad and the Euphrates Valley, including a Visit to the Turkish Dependency of El Hasa' by Captain J A Douglas, Staff Captain, Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General’s Department in India, 1897 (which includes three sketch maps: Mss Eur F111/358, f 138; Mss Eur F111/358, f 158; and Mss Eur F111/358, f 141).Folios 232 to 338 largely consist of printed copies of correspondence between Sir (Henry) Mortimer Durand, HM Minister at Teheran [Tehran], and the Marquess of Salisbury (Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil), Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, dated 1895-1896, relating to Persia.The file includes a copy of a Collective Letter addressed by the Turkish, British and French Consuls to the Valiahd regarding the Tabriz Riots, 5 August 1895, which is in French (folios 332).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 339; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.