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529. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee 17 Apr 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Major-General William Grant Keir, Commander of the 1819 expedition to the Persian Gulf, to Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], sent from Bushire [Būshehr] and dated 22 March 1820. Keir forwards translations of letters from Hoossein Ali Mirza [Husayn 'Ali Mīrzā Farmānfarmā], Prince of Sheraz [Prince-Governor of Fārs] and the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sa’īd bin Sultān Āl Bū Sa’īd] along with a copy of a proposed agreement between the Imaum and the Utoobees [‘Utūb] of Bahrein [Bahrain] [IOR/L/PS/9/69/16-20]. The letter also discusses the designs of both the Prince of Sheraz and the Imaum of Muscat on Bahrein and the conduct of the ‘pirate’ Ramah ben Jauber [Raḥmah bin Jābir al-Jalhamī].The letter was enclosed in the letter of Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia, to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, dated 17 April 1820 [IOR/L/PS/9/69/14].Physical description: Condition: the letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.
530. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 17 Apr 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A translation of a Firman [edict] from Hossein Ali Meerza Mirza [Husayn 'Ali Mīrzā Farmānfarmā], Prince of Sheraz [Prince-Governor of Fārs] to Major-General William Grant Keir, Commander of the 1819 expedition to the Persian Gulf, received at Bushire [Būshehr] 18 March 1820. The Prince remonstrates with Keir about the burning of vessels from the ports of Linga [Bandar-e Lengeh] and Charack [Bandar-e Chārak], the persecution of the ‘pirate’ Rahma ben Jauber [Raḥmah bin Jābir al-Jalhamī] who is now in the employ of the Prince, and the failure to provide warships for an expedition to Bahrein [Bahrain] as the Prince had previously requested.The letter was enclosed in the letter of Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, dated 17 April 1820 [IOR/L/PS/9/69/14].Physical description: Condition: the letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.
531. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 17 Apr 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A translation of a paper of proposals to the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sa’īd bin Sultān Āl Bū Sa’īd] by Syed Abdul Jaleel [‘Abd al-Jalīl bin Yāsīn al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī], Ambassador of the Atoobees [‘Utūb] of Bahrein [Bahrain]. The paper describes proposed terms of peace between Bahrein and Muscat, including an annual payment with the British acting as guarantors, the release of prisoners and captured boats by the Imam, and guarantees of non-aggression by the Imam and the ‘pirate’ Rahma ben Jauber [Raḥmah bin Jābir al-Jalhamī].The letter was enclosed in the letter of Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, dated 17 April 1820 [IOR/L/PS/9/69/14].Physical description: Condition: the letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.
532. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 20 May 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to Mountstuart Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay [Mumbai], sent from Tehran and dated 10 May 1820. Willock reports his conversations with the Shah [Fath-‘Ali Shāh Qājār] and Persian Ministers regarding British policy in the Gulf and desired concessions from Persia. Subjects covered include: the proposed cession of an island for a British base in the Gulf; the claim of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sa’īd bin Sultān Āl Bū Sa’īd] to Kishmee [Qeshm]; an offer of British mediation to make Bahrein [Bahrain] tributary to Persia; and measures against ‘piracy’ originating from Persian ports, including the appointment of a Darogha [inspector] and the expulsion of the Sheikh [Shaikh] of Charrack [Bandar-e Chārak], while refusing foreign intervention in these ports.The letter was enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 20 May 1820 [IOR/L/PS/9/69/21].Physical description: Condition: the letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.
533. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 26 Dec 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to Persian Ministers [Haji Mohammad Husayn Khān Isfahānī, Sadr-e ‘Azam or Prime Minister, and Mīrzā Abdul Wahāb Nishāt Isfahānī, Mu’tamid al-Dawla or Foreign Minister], sent from Tehran and dated 12 December 1820.In response to the ministers’ note received on 9 December (IOR/L/PS/9/47), Willock defends British actions and continuing military presence in the Gulf following the 1819 expedition against ‘piracy’.The letter was enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 26 December 1820 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/46).Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
534. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 29 Mar 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from William Bruce, Resident at Bushire [Būshehr], to Mountstuart Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay [Mumbai], sent from Bushire and dated 2 February 1820. The letter reports an exchange in Bushire with the ‘pirate’ Rahma ben Jauber [Rahmah bin Jābir al-Jalāhimah]. Bruce warns Rahmah against further acts of ‘piracy’ in the Gulf and reports Rahmah’s plans to join an expedition by the Prince of Shiraz [Prince-Governor of Fārs] to Bahrein [Bahrain].The letter was enclosed in the letter of Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, dated 29 March 1820 [IOR/L/PS/9/69/1].Physical description: Condition: the letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.
535. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 29 Mar 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from William Bruce, Resident at Bushire [Būshehr], to Mountstuart Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay [Mumbai], sent from Bushire and dated 6 February 1820. The letter concerns the vessels of the ‘pirate’ Rahma ben Jauber [Rahmah bin Jābir al-Jalāhimah], currently laying in Bushire. Major-General William Grant Keir, Commander of the 1819 expedition to the Persian Gulf, had given orders for these vessels to be destroyed. Bruce counsels against this as Rahma is now serving the Prince of Shiraz [Prince-Governor of Fārs]. Bruce also states that he will send a copy of the General Treaty to Bahrein [Bahrain] to be signed by Shaik Abdallah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] and his brother [Shaikh Salmān bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], the joint Rulers.The letter was enclosed in the letter of Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, dated 29 March 1820 [IOR/L/PS/9/69/1].Physical description: Condition: the letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.
536. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 6 Jul 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, to Major-General William Grant Keir, Commander of the 1819 expedition to the Persian Gulf, sent from Bombay Castle and dated 28 February 1820.The letter transmits the observations of the Governor of Bombay [Mountstuart Elphinstone] following the Gulf expedition. Subjects covered include: the release of Indian captives; the proposed appointment of Captain Thomas Thompson as a Political Agent in the Gulf; the future of Ras-ul-Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah]; Keir’s proposed action against Ramah bin Jauber [Rahmah bin Jābir al-Jalāhimah] in response to reported attacks on Persian [Iranian] ships; relations with the Persian Government in regard to ‘anti-piracy’ actions on the Persian coast; and hostilities between the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat and Bahrein [Bahrain].The letter was enclosed in the letter of Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia, to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 6 July 1820 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/26 and 29).Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
537. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to Joseph Dart of 6 Aug 1820
- Description:
- Abstract: Extracts of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d'Affaires in Persia [Iran], to the Chief Secretary of the Supreme Government of India, sent from Tabriz and dated 25 July 1820.The letter concerns Anglo-Persian relations in the Gulf following the 1819 British expedition against ‘piracy’. Subjects covered include: a request from the Prince Royal ['Abbās Mīrzā, Crown Prince of Persia] for British support in conquering Bahrein [Bahrain]; Willock’s offer to negotiate a tributary relationship between Bahrein and Persia; the desired cession of an island for a British base in the Gulf, refused by the Persian Government; and the planned occupation of Kishma [Qeshm] by British troops.The extracts were enclosed in Willock’s letter to Joseph Dart, Secretary to the Court of Directors of the East India Company, dated 6 August 1820 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/42).Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
538. Treaty with the Ameers of Sind; and Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee: Bombay Secret Letter 25 May 1821. The enclosures are dated 20 December 1820-12 May 1821. (Attached to folio 5 is a note, f 5a, stating that the ‘Enclosure in Bombay Secret Letter of 18th October 1820 is missing’).The initial enclosure (numbered 1) is a letter dated 10 February 1820 from George Swinton, Secretary to the Government at Fort William, to Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to the Government, Bombay, conveying the Governor-General’s pleasure that the threatened rupture of relations between the British Government and the Ameers of Sind [Amirs of Sindh] has been averted and a treaty negotiated, and approbation of Captain Sadler who was sent as an envoy to Hyderabad to restore good relations.The remaining enclosures, with their relevant enclosures, are: despatches from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Tahran [Tehran] to the Marquis of Hastings, Governor-General of Bengal; despatches from H R Deschamps, Acting Political Agent and Captain Commanding at Kishma [Qeshm, also spelled Kishm and Kishmee in this item], to Francis Warden; and instructions issued by Warden to Dr Andrew Jukes with relevant enclosures. They relate to the complaint by Persia [Iran] about the British occupation of the island of Kishm, and comprise the following groups of papers:(1) Willock’s correspondence with the Persian Prime Minister and with the Minister for Foreign Affairs, in which Willock disputes the Persian contentions on the following points:Whether the occupation of Kishm is a violation of Article 11 of the Treaty between Persia and Britain (prohibiting British ships of war going to Persian ports without express permission)Whether the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat, had the right to authorize the relocation of the British detachment at Rosul-Khyma [Ra's al-Khaymah, also spelled Ras-sol-Khyma in this item] to Kishm and Hengaum [Hengam] and if Muscat is a dependency of Bunder Abassi [Bandar Abbas] and hence of PersiaWhether it is the prerogative of the Prince of Fars to take steps to prevent ‘piracy’ (of the Joasemees [al-Qawāsim]) and ensure security in the Persian Gulph [Gulf] or if a permanent British naval presence was and is more effectiveWhether Captain William Bruce, Political Resident in the Persian Gulph [Gulf], should be removed from his post (and pay reparation for damaged and lost property) for interfering at Bahrein [Bahrain] in efforts to suppress ‘piracy’ which were the business of the Prince of Sheraz [Shiraz] and the Imaum of Muscat; and for being responsible for the ‘unwarranted’ seizing of the arms of 300 men of Lingua [Bandar-e-Lengeh] and fourteen of their boats which were all destroyed following a storm, and for the burning of ships at the port of Charack [Bandar-e Chārak, also spelled Charak in this item], in alleged retaliation for attacks on British subjects.The correspondence also covers Willock’s attempts to: dissuade or delay the sending of Persian representatives to Kishm and Bombay, respectively, to ask the British to leave Kishm and to remonstrate over the occupation to the Government of India; and to exonerate Captain Bruce from responsibility for the events at Lingua and Charack.(2) Letters from the Acting Political Agent and Captain Commanding at Kishma, to the Chief Secretary to the Government, Bombay, reporting that he has placated the vakeel sent with a letter (ff 29-30) by the Hussin Ally, Prince of Shiraz [Husayn 'Ali Mīrzā Farmānfarmā, Prince-Governor of Fārs] and that he has received intelligence that the Prince is amassing a force of 12,000 near Bunderabbas [Bandar Abbas], which could not be repulsed by the small British military establishment on the island (detailed on f 30).(3) Detailed background and instructions (ff 34-43) to Dr Jukes issued by the Government of Bombay for his mission to the Persian Gulph in which he is to allay the claims and suspicions of Persia and conduct himself as the situation, however it develops, may warrant. In particular Jukes is instructed: to investigate the claims of the Imaum of Muscat and Persia to the island of Kishma; verify whether the Prince of Shiraz has amassed a force near Bunder Abbas; direct the detachment to withdraw to Muscat if hostilities look inevitable; how to act with regard to Captain Bruce; to be the Political Agent at Kishme on the recall of Captain Thompson. The instructions are accompanied by copies of letters of authority, introduction and information (ff 44-65), including: letters from the Government of Bombay addressed to Willock, the King [Shah] of Persia, the Prince of Sheeraz [Shiraz] and the Imaum of Muscat; detailed report by Major-General Lionel Smith, dated 23 April 1821, on the advantages of Kishme and how to best use it to check ‘piracy’ and in general how to police the Gulph (ff 48-57); and letters to the Officer Commanding the Troops and Acting Political Agent, and the Officer Commanding HC [Honourable Company] Cruisers at Kishm.The last enclosure ends with a list of the four enclosures comprising Bombay Secret Letter 25 May 1821.Physical description: The despatch comprises enclosures numbered 1-4. The enclosure number is written for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.
539. Supplement to the Gazette of India containing copies of correspondence relating to operations at Bahrain
- Description:
- Abstract: The printed supplement, dated 22 January 1870, contains copies of despatches between Lewis Pelly and the Government of Bombay as well as copies of Pelly's correspondence with the Chiefs of Bahrein [Bahrain], Guttur [Qatar] and correspondence between the Government of India and the Government of Bombay.The correspondence relates to operations in Bahrain undertaken by Lewis Pelly in punishing acts of piracy committed by the chief(s) of Bahrain which breached the maritime truce between them and the British Government, and the orders under which he was acting in carrying out these operations.The main perpetrators of the acts of piracy were Mahomed bin Abdullah [Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Khalifah], Nauser bin Mobarek and Mahomed bin Khalifeh [Muhammad bin Khalifah Al-Khalifah] (the Chief of the Bahrain tribes) and the intention of the operation was to capture these individuals; remove Mahomed bin Khalifeh from power replacing him with Esau bin Alee bin Khalifeh [Isa bin Ali Al-Khalifah] and to ensure that any future acts of piracy were deterred.The British Government sent Her Majesty's ship Daphne, the Gunboat Clydecommanded by Captain Elton, Her Majesty's ship Nympheunder the charge of Commander Meara and the Gunboat Hugh Rosewith Captain G A Douglas as the senior Naval Officer in charge of operations. Two other officers, Lieutenant Acklom and Navigating Lieutenant White, were also credited by Pelly for their work in aiding the success of the operations.The reverse of the supplement records that Lewis Pelly's copy of it was received on 20 March 1870.Physical description: Foliation: The file has been foliated in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio with a pencil number enclosed with a circle.The file has also been paginated 59-67 with printed numbers on the right hand side of each page towards the top. These numbers relate to the edition of the Gazette of India which the supplement was originally included with.
540. 'File 19/116 VII (C 21) Oppression of Bahrain subjects by the ruling family: miscellaneous correspondence'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence that relates primarily to Shaikh Abdullah bin Isa Al Khalifa and an Egyptian individual referred to as Mullah Hafiz (Hafidh).Abdullah's responsibility for a number of abuses committed against the native population of Bahrain (the Baharna) is discussed as is Hafiz's role as Abdullah's 'right-hand man' (folio 94) in these actions. Hafiz's expulsion from Bahrain and subsequent travels around the region are discussed, including his appointment as a member of the Nejd delegation to Bahrain by Bin Saud. A copy of Hafiz's Sultanate of Nejd Passport is contained on folio 93.Other topics discussed include the activities in Bahrain of local trader and prominent figure, Yusuf Kanoo, the Political Agent Clive Daly's desire for leave and an idea for Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa to visit Britain with him.Also included are a letter from the British Consulate in Syria regarding an article that appeared in the Syrian press attacking the British role in Bahrain and an interview with Shaikh Hamad upon his return from Britain that was published in the 'Times of Mesopotamia' in 1925.Physical description: Unbound, loose sheets in a file. Foliation starts on first page of the volume and continues to the last page of writing. Foliation in pencil numbers in top right corner of recto. Additional inconsistent foliation starts with 3 on folio 1. Some of the numbers in this sequence appear to have been rubbed out but traces remain. The following foliation errors occur: instead of f.88 we have f.88A and f.88B; f.107 is followed by f.107A.