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85. ‘Vol 4 Persian Gulf - Affairs of – ’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. It is the fourth in a series of eleven items about the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2050/93533, 93534, 93535, 93537, 93538, 93539, 93540, 93541, 93542, and 93543). The principal correspondents are the Government of Bombay and Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:The strength and intentions of Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turki bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd]The intentions of Sheikh Jabir [Shaikh Jābir I bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Ṣabāḥ] to mediate between Abdulla bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], former Shaikh of Bahrein [Bahrain] and Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah], Shaikh of BahreinThe wreck of the Mary Mullaby[ Mary Mallaby] off Bunder Abbass [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] by Captain Charles FisherThe conduct of Meerza Mahomed Ali [Mīrza Muḥammed ‘Alī], British Agent at Bahrein, in surrendering the dependents of Humood Oomere [Ḥamūd ‘Umayr], who were under his protection, to Abdullah bin AhmedMovements of ships in the GulfThe Government’s reimbursement of the costs incurred in raising the Honourable Company’s Schooner Emilyin April 1842, after sinking it to destroy the vermin on board.The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Coll No [Collection Number] 1, Draft 558, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4291, [Season 18]44’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 500 and terminates at f 581, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
86. 'Vol 5 Persian Gulf - Affairs of -'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. It is the fifth in a series of eleven items about the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2050/93533, 93534, 93535, 93536, 93538, 93539, 93540, 93541, 93542, and 93543). The principal correspondents are the Government of Bombay and Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:The desire of Sultan bin Suggur [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī], Suggur bin Sultan [Shaikh Ṣaqr bin Sulṭān al-Qāsimī], and Muktoom bin Butye [Maktūm I bin Buṭṭī Āl Bū Falāseh], to assist the sons of Abdullah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] in waging war against Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] in Bahrein [Bahrain]Abdullah bin Ahmed’s hopes of Persian [Iranian] assistance in attacking BahreinThe desire of Ameer Fysul bin Turkey [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turki bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd] to extend his influence and conquer Brymee [Al Buraymī]The peaceful resolution of the dispute between Sultan bin Suggur and Abdullah bin Rashid [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Rāshid al-Mu’allā]The intention of Esai bin Tarif [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin Ḥamad bin Ṭarīf Āl Bin 'Alī al-'Utbī] to leave Kenn [Kish Island] and settle at Bahrein and the coast of Gutter [Qatar]The arrival of a detachment of Sirbaz [Sabāz, Persian infantry] on the island of Kharrack [Jazīreh-ye Khārk, also known as Khark, Kharg] and consequent abandonment of the island by the populationMedical supplies to be sent to Captain Atkins Hamerton, Consul and Agent in the Dominions of the Imam of Muscat, based in Zanzibar.The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Coll No [Collection Number] 1, Draft 558, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4291, [Season 18]44’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 582 and terminates at f 657, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
87. 'Vol 58 Native Letters Inward'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains translations of letters sent to David Wilson, the Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire.The letters contained in the file are from Britain's native agents (based at Bahrain, Muscat, Sharqah [Sharjah] and Lingah) and from several local rulers including the Chief of Bushire, the Imam of Muscat, Shaik Sooltan Bin Suggur [Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qāsimī, the Ruler of Sharjah], Shaik Abdoolla of Kishm [Shaikh Abdullah of Qeshm] and the Chief of Lingah.The letter discuss a number of topics related to political and trade developments in the region and to Britain's relations with local rulers.Physical description: Condition: A bound letter book, the covers of which have come loose.Pagination: The file has a pagination sequence, which is written in the top right corner of each recto and the top left corner of each verso. It begins on the front cover, on number 1A, and ends on the last page of writing, on number 183.
88. ‘Vol 6 Persian Gulf - Affairs of – ’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. It is the sixth in a series of eleven items about the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2050/93533, 93534, 93535, 93536, 93537, 93539, 93540, 93541, 93542, and 93543). The principal correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf; Captain Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:Attempts at mediation between Abdullah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah], former Shaik of Bahrein [Shaikh of Bahrain], and Mahomed bin Kalipha [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah], Shaik of Bahrein, by Jabbir [Shaikh Jābir I bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Ṣabāḥ], Shaik of Koweit [Kuwait]The strength and ambitions of Ameer bin Physal [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turki bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd], including his demand for tribute from Mahomed bin KaliphaA discussion of the history of Mohumrah [Khorramshahr] and whether it has ever been subject to Persia [Iran]An investigation into the wreck of the Mary Mullaby[ Mary Mallaby] off Bunder Abbass [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] by Captain Charles Fisher, and alleged plunder from the ship.The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Coll No [Collection Number] 1, Draft 558, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4291, [Season 18]44’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 658 and terminates at f 735, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
89. ‘Vol: VI. Persian Gulph [Gulf]’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of the Government of Bombay Political Consultations. The item is concerned with multiple issues pertaining to the political situation in the Persian Gulf, in particular:Reports and discussions of the hostilities between the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat and the Chief of Bahrein [Bahrain] in one conflict and between Sultan bin Suggar [Shaikh Sulṭān bin Ṣaqr Āl Qāsimī, Ruler of Ra's al-Khaymah] and Shaikh Tanoon [Shaikh Ṭaḥnūn bin Shakhbūṭ Āl Nahyān, Ruler of Abu Dhabi] in anotherAttempts by Major David Wilson, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to de-escalate the above conflicts; his instructions for several East India Company ships to gather information whilst delivering packets along the Arabian side of the Gulf and their subsequent reportsDubious activities of the Greek vessel Hellasat Mocha; the detaining of the Company's ship Trois Freresby the Dowlah [Dola, Governor] of Mocha due to his suspicion of its involvement with the Hellas; the intervention of the Native Agent at Mocha and Captain Robert Moresby, Captain of the Company ship Thetis, to secure the release of the Trois Freres; the subsequent establishment of a Committee to investigate the character of Nicolo Chiefala, Captain of the HellasReports of piracy on the merchant vessel Carnaticby subjects under the control of the Imaum of MuscatSultan bin Suggar's killing of the 'pirate' Mooslim bin Rashid [Muslim bin Rashīd al-Qāsimī], the capture of his crew, and the debate between the Imaum of Muscat and the Government of Bombay as to whether certain members of the crew should be released.The item also touches on other matters including: the charging of pilotage at Bushire; the financial drain of hosting an Envoy from the Pacha of Bagdad [Baghdad] at Bussorah [Basra]; the introduction of two men to Wilson by the Prince of Sheraz [Shiraz] and his request that Wilson provides them with every assistance; the granting of aid to an esteemed Jewish merchant who wishes to remove his property from Bagdad and settle in Bombay.A section (ff 129 verso - 131 verso) of the item, which pertains to the forced collection of money from the people of Burburra [Berbera] by Captain Frederick W Greer, of the Company ship Elphinstone, has been crossed out with pencil.The item consists mainly of correspondence between Wilson and William Newnham, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay. Other correspondents include: W Clerk, Acting Persian Secretary; Major Robert Taylor, Political Agent at Bussorah; Shaik Syeb Ibraheemjee [Shaikh Sahib Ibrahimji], Native Agent at Mocha; numerous officials of the Marine for the Government of Bombay; Secretaries to the Supreme Government, the Government of Mauritius and the Government at Fort St George; the Imaum of Muscat, the Prince of Shiraz, Sultan bin Suggar, the Dowlah of Mocha and several of their agents.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘P.C. 783, Draft 477, Season 1829/30’ and 'Examiner's Office 1830’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 4, and terminates at f 140, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
90. 'British interests on the coast of Arabia, Koweit, Bahrein and El Katr'
- Description:
- Abstract: Richmond Thackeray Willoughby Ritchie, British Interests on the Coast of Arabia, Koweit, Bahrein, and El Katr(Government of India, 1905).This document consists of an analysis of British interests on the coast of Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. It was written by Richmond Thackeray Willoughby Ritchie and published in 1905. It is composed of four sections dealing with the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar.Arabian coast. This cites a letter, 5th January 1903, from the Government of India to the Naval Commander-in-Chief, noting it gives a concise overview of 'the political geography of the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf': the claims to rule by the Ottomans, Trucial Chiefs and the Sultan of Muscat. It then reviews key treaties with the Sheikhs of Kuwait (23rd January, 1899) , Bahrain, Trucial Chiefs, the 1891 treaty with Muscat, and the agreements with Shaikhs down the coast to Aden.Kuwait. This section discusses two issues with the Turks at Kuwait. Firstly, the status of the British Political Agent, Major Stuart George Knox and his instructions concerning the conflicts and dynamics between Ibn Saud, Ibn Rashid and the Turks. The second issue concerns rights over Bubian Island.Bahrain. This section discusses British non-recognition of Turkish authority in Bahrain and measures to assert British authority there, referring to reports by Sir Nicholas Roderick O'Conor.Qatar. This section discusses Turkish influence in Qatar and the reasons why the conclusions of a treaty with the the ruling Al Thani shaikh by the Government of India would be desirable.Physical description: The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 1, and ends on the last folio, on number 2.
91. 'File 61/18 I (D 74) Bin Saud: discussion of Persian Gulf questions with'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence pertaining to attempts to address issues between Ibn Sa'ud and Britain's Persian Gulf interests and responsibilities. The main correspondents are James More (later Harold Dickson), Political Agent in Kuwait, Cyril Barrett (acting, then later Hugh Biscoe), Political Resident in Bushire, the Government of India, William Bond (later Andrew Ryan), Agent and Consul (later Chargé d'Affaires) in Jeddah, Charles Prior, Political Agent in Bahrain, the Colonial, Foreign, and India Offices, all in London, Ibn Sa'ud, ruler of Najd and the Hejaz, and Fuad Bey [Fu’ād Bey Hamza], Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs for the Hejaz.The main issues at hand are between Najd and Bahrain, and Najd and Kuwait. They include customs duties, trade relations, nationality and passports for Najd subjects, compensation for raids, official diplomatic representation for Najd in Bahrain and Kuwait, the conduct of Najd agents on the Kuwaiti frontier, and the ongoing blockade on Kuwaiti trade imposed by Ibn Sa'ud on his subjects. Much of the volume deals with attempts to heal a rift between Ibn Sa'ud and Hugh Biscoe so that a meeting can be arranged to discuss the issues above.At the back of the volume (folios 245-54) are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence starts on the front cover and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbering is written in pencil, circled and found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1, 1A, and 1B; 3 and 3A; 104 and 104A; 126 and 126A; 214 and 214A. There is a second, inconsistent sequence between folios 5-251. The numbering is also in pencil in the same place, but are not circled.
92. 'File 73/7 II (D 22) Status of Koweit [Kuwait] - Baghdad railway, Anglo Turkish negotiations'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters, telegrams, and memorandums pertaining to Anglo-Turkish negotiations brought on by the Baghdad Railway and particularly the extension to Basra. Correspondents include: Percy Cox, Political Resident at Bushire, William Shakespear, Political Agent at Kuwait, Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Louis Mallet, Assistant Under-secretary of State for Near and Middle Eastern Affairs, Charles Marling, British Ambassador to Persia, Gerard Lowther, British Ambassador to Constantinople, George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, Admiral Edmond Slade, the Board of Trade, the Government of India, the India Office, and several private companies, including Trans-Atlantic Trust Company, Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Imperial Ottoman Bank, and Imperial Persian Bank.The form of the negotiations was a series of memorandums containing proposals and counter-proposals. The issues and subjects discussed are:ownership and control of the line;custom duty increases in the region;navigation of the Shatt al-Arab, including the establishment of a commission to oversee this;transport of railway materials by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers;delimitation of the Turkish-Persian border;status and territorial limit of Kuwait;other Gulf matters, including the statuses of Bahrain and Qatar, the suppression of arms traffic, piracy, and slavery, and the protection of pearl fisheries.Folios 261-262 are a map showing the proposed territorial limits of Kuwait.Physical description: Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers positioned in the top-right corner of each recto. There are two earlier foliation systems running through parts of the volume. The first uses uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages, and the top-left corner of verso pages. This foliation system numbers pages if they have content on them, which is the case for all rectos and some versos. This foliation system appears intermittently through most of the volume. The other foliation system uses circled blue pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages, and appears from folios 5 to 42. Numerous printed materials contained in the volume have their own internal pagination systems. The following foliation irregularities occur: 1a, 34a, 51B, 219B, 250B.
93. 'File 73/7 III (D 24) Status of Kuwait & Anglo-Turkish negotiations'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, memorandums, maps and newspaper cuttings relating to a proposed Baghdad to Basra railway, an extension of the German Berlin to Baghdad Railway. Correspondents include: Percy Cox, Political Resident at Bushire, William Shakespear, Political Agent at Kuwait, Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Francis Bertie, British Ambassador to France, Louis Mallet, Assistant Under-secretary of State for Near and Middle Eastern Affairs, Arthur Nicolson, Permanent Under-secretary for Foreign Affairs, Gerard Lowther, British Ambassador to Constantinople, George Buchanan, British Ambassador to Russia, Edward Goschen, British Ambassador to Berlin, the Board of Trade, William Graham Greene, Permanent Secretary to the Board of Admiralty, the Government of India, the India Office, and Sheikh Mubarak of Kuwait.The volume covers the discussion over various matters, with numerous draft conventions and agreements sent back and forth between the various governmental offices and departments. Documents relating to Cox's successful attempts to obtain the acceptance of the agreement from Sheikh Khazal of Mohammerah and Sheikh Mubarak of Kuwait are also included. The issues discussed as matters for agreement with Turkey include:the status of Kuwait, including territorial limits and relations with Britain and Ottoman Turkey;the conservancy of the Shatt al-Arab, including the establishment of a Navigation Commission;the ownership and control of the Baghdad Railway and the question of its extension beyond Basra;the boundary between Turkish Arabia and Persia;other Persian Gulf matters such as Turkish power and influence in Katr [Qatar] and Bahrain.Other subjects that feature are Sheikh Mubarak's temporary illness, and reports of the dispatch of Turkish troops to Qatar, contrary to agreements.Physical description: Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages. There is an earlier foliation system that runs through the volume, using pencil numbers in the top-right corner of recto pages, as well as the top-left corner of any verso pages bearing written or printed matter.The following anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 104b, 278a.The following folios are foldouts: 1 (attached to inside front cover), 14, 15, 25, 46, 66, 82, 83, 89, 92, 125, 126, 208, 218-22, 231, 294, 338, 340.
94. 'File 82/1 IV (F 79) Anglo Persian Oil Company Arab Side (Kuwait, Bahrain, Nejd)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence and telegrams between the Political Department, the Colonial Office and the Secretary of State at the India Office in London, the Political Resident at Bushire, the Political Agents at Kuwait and Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC) representatives. Main subjects are the negotiations for oil concessions mainly in Kuwait, but also in Bahrain and Nejd [Najd, Jubail, Saudi Arabia] against the competitor Eastern and General Syndicate Limited, represented by Major Frank Holmes, and a geological exploration of Kuwait by APOC.The volume also includes a draft agreement on the oil exploration license in Kuwait, in Arabic and English, dated 13 August 1932, between Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, ruler of Kuwait, and APOC (folios 120-131), and a Map of 'Kuwait Bay' on folio 132A.Some of the documents in the volume are marked as confidential and there are some documents in Arabic.Physical description: The main foliation is in pencil, encircled and in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The numbering commences at the front cover with 1, then 1A and 1B; 2 and 2A; 3-128; 129 and 129A; 130, 131, 132 and 132A and then it carries on until 203, which is the last number given on the back cover. A second foliation sequence runs between ff. 3-190; these numbers are also written in pencil, are not circled and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
95. 'File 82/1 III (F 64) Prospecting licenses for Kuwait, Bahrain, Nejd, Trucial Coast and Oman'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence and telegrams between the Political Department, the Colonial Office and the Secretary of State at the India Office in London, the Political Resident at Bushire, the Political Agents at Kuwait and Sharjah, local rulers, and Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC) representatives on the negotiations for oil concessions in Kuwait, Bahrain, Nejd [Najd, Jubail, Saudi Arabia], Qatar, Muscat, Oman and Trucial Coast against the competitor Eastern and General Syndicate Limited, represented by Major Frank Holmes.The volume includes the agreement on the oil exploration license in Muscat and Oman, in Arabic and English, signed on 18 May 1925, between Saiyid Taimur bin Faisal, Sultan of Muscat and Oman, and D'Arcy Exploration Company limited (folios 281-296).Physical description: The main foliation is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The numbering begins with the first item of correspondence, on number 1, and ends with the last folio of writing, on number 314.
96. 'File 82/1 [I] (F 52) A.P.O.C. and Oil Concessions Arab Coast'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and telegrams between the Political Department and the Under Secretary of State at the India Office in London, Sir Winston Churchill (Secretary of State for the Colonies at the time), the Political Resident at Bushire, the Political Agent at Kuwait, the Vice-Consul at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr, Iran] and Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC) representatives regarding contacts with local rulers about oil concessions in Bahrain and Kuwait.The file also contains:copy of a letter from the Political Resident to the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, dated 8 September 1921, on oil explorations in the various Persian Gulf states, and on APOC's desire to exclusive prospective rights in Oman (folios 11-13);draft agreement between the rulers of Bahrain and Kuwait and D'Arcy Exploration Company Limited for oil explorations (1921 ca.) (folios 22-27, 102-107 and 257-260);notes concerning meetings of Major Frank Holmes with Ibn Saud re oil exploration in Arabia [Saudi Arabia] (folio 80)letter from the Political Agent at Muscat to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf regarding oil in Muscat (folios 96-97).The file is incomplete. Some letters, mainly containing pledges signed by Trucial Coast rulers not to grant any oil concession to anyone except with the permission of the British Government, were removed from the original file and forwarded to the Foreign Office in 1953. In these instances the former numbering sequence presents gaps, and these letters are replaced by folios indicating page numbers, sender, receiver, date and subject of the letter removed. These letters are now in FO 371/7723 and FO 371/104408.Physical description: The main foliation is in pencil in encircled numbers in top right corner of the recto of each folio. The numbering starts on the front cover with 1 and carries on until 153, which is the last number given on the back cover of the file. A former sequence runs from the first to the last folio of writing, pencil numbers (not circled) in top right recto of each folio, not crossed through - the numbering runs 1-260 missing numerous numbers out. The reason is that some letters were removed from the original file to be forwarded to the Foreign Office in 1953, whereas the former numbering sequence presents gaps.