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61. Coll 34/1 'Slavery and Slave Trade: Slave traffic in the Red Sea: Use of Air Patrols'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, and minutes relating to anti-slavery measures in the Red Sea. The correspondence is interdepartmental in nature, principally between officials at the India Office, Foreign Office, Colonial Office, Air Ministry, Admiralty, and the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India. Further correspondence, mostly as enclosures, is between officials at the Residency in Aden, Embassy in Rome, British Legation in Addis Ababa, Political Department of the Government of Bombay, and the Imam of Yemen, Yehia bin Mohamed Hamid Uddin [Yaḥyā Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn].Matters discussed within the file include:The proposal of float-plane patrols along parts of the Red Sea, based on the island of KamaranThe need for an expansion of the intelligence service in the regionQuestion of the involvement of the French and Italian authoritiesQuestion of costs.The file contains extracts from intelligence reports by senior officers aboard sloops on patrol in the Red Sea, such as HMS Lupin, HMS Penzance, HMS Hastings, and HMS Dahlia. These extracts focus on slavery and the traffic of slaves in the area, with details on departure and landing points, overland routes, slave brokers and dealers, and specific cases of seizure or interception.Parliamentary notices are also included in the file, with extracts from Parliamentary sessions in which the Red Sea slave traffic was discussed.The file also contains correspondence that discusses a lecture (folios 60-69) given by Eldon Rutter of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society and a memorandum (folios 22-36) by Sir George Maxwell, British Representative on the Slavery Committee of the League of Nations. Both items concern slavery in the region.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 184; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
62. Correspondence of Harford Jones with Jonathan Duncan and John Blankett
- Description:
- Abstract: This item contains four documents:1. A copy of a letter from Harford Jones, Resident in Bagdad [Baghdad], to Jonathan Duncan, Governor of Bombay, sent from Bagdad and dated 12 December 1799. In response to Duncan’s letter of 16 October (see IOR/L/PS/9/76/100), Jones discusses routes of communication between Bussora [Basra] and Constantinople [Istanbul], recommending the route via Bagdad. The letter includes tables displaying the estimated travel time from Bussora to Constantinople via Bagdad and the rulers of the territory on this route.2. A list of presents sent by Tipoo Sultan [Tīpū Sulṭān of Mysore] to the Grand Signior [Selim III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire] and the Grand Vizier [Yūsuf Ẓīa al-Dīn Pāshā] which arrived in Bagdad on 24 December 1799.The list was compiled by Jones on 26 December 1799.3. A copy of a letter from Harford Jones to Rear-Admiral John Blankett, Commander of the British naval squadron in the Red Sea, sent from Bagdad and dated 13 November 1799. The letter forwards dispatches and an intelligence report from Aleppo (not enclosed).Another copy of the same letter is catalogued as IOR/L/PS/9/76/96.4. A copy of a letter from Rear-Admiral Blankett to Jones, sent from HMS Leopardat Mocca [Mocha] and dated 31 July 1799. It covers subjects including:The retreat of the French forces led by General Napoleon Bonaparte from Accre [Acre]Planned Turkish [Ottoman] and Mameluke attacks on the French occupation forces from Suez and Upper EgyptThe French capture of Cossire [Al Qusayr]Relations and trade between the Government of Mecca and the French forcesThe supplies of the French forces in CairoReports from Maltese defectors that the French forces intend to offer peace termsThe disruption of the coffee trade by Bedouin tribesThe state of the British-occupied island of Perim.Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
63. File 2672/1912 ‘Turco-Italian War: Red Sea’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, which bears the alternative title ‘Turco-Italian War: Italian action in the Red Sea’ on its first page (f 3), contains correspondence relating to the blockade by the Italian navy of ports on the Red Sea, including Hodeida [Al-Ḥudaydah], from 25 January 1912. This action was part of the broader Italo-Turkish War of 1911/1912.The seizures specifically dealt with in the volume include:SS Tuna, seized by the Italian destroyer Artigliereon 26 January 1912;the SS Woodcock,seized by the Italian warship Calabriaon 2 February 1912, and again by the Italian warship Elba, on 27 March 1912;numerous native dhows and sambuks, including the Fath-el-Khair,the Atiat-el-Ramanand the Muft-el-Khair.Correspondents in the file include: the British Ambassador to Rome (James Rennell Rodd); the Italian Foreign Minister (Antonio di San Guiliano); the Secretary to the Government of Bombay (Charles Augustus Kincaid); representatives of the merchants Cowasjee [also spelt Cowasji] Dinshaw & Brothers of Aden, owners of the vessel SS Woodcock; Foreign Office officials (primarily Sir Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe); India Office officials (Thomas William Holderness; Arthur Hirtzel).Papers include:British Government correspondence relating to the state of affairs in Yemen and Hejaz, namely Italian support for Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Idrisi, and Turkish action against Ali Al-Idrisi;copies of resolutions and correspondence from representatives of the All-India Muslim League and Anjuman-i-Islam, raising concerns that the Italian blockade of Jeddah would prevent Muslims travelling to Mecca on Hajj;correspondence between British Indian traders and vessel owners operating on the Yemen coast, and Government representatives at Aden, relating to blockade actions, including the boarding of vessels by Italian naval officers, and confiscation of goods;correspondence between British officials and British and Italian Government officials (with some letters in Italian), relating to the seizure of vessels, confiscation of goods by the Italian naval officials, the subsequent referral of seizures to the Italian Prize Court [Commissione Delle Prede], and the settlement of individual cases.The file contains copies (in Italian, in addition to English translations) of the Commissione Delle Prede’s orders and regulations (f 17, ff 99-100, f 139, ff 145-146, ff 186-187), and a translation of the Commission’s hearing over the case of SS Tuna(spelt Thuna) (ff 69-70).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 315; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-313; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
64. File 1355/1917 Pt 3 'Arms Traffic - Convention'
- Description:
- Abstract: The papers in this volume relate to the Arms Traffic Convention (1919).The papers include: The final text of the Arms Traffic Convention signed at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, containing the names of the signatory states, 10 September-23 October 1919; the opinions of the French and British governments about the negotiations over the export of arms as opposed to the actual export of arms, 12-24 October 1919; the sale of a large stock of arms by the United States of America to the Spanish Government, 23 September-3 December 1919; the transportation of arms between different parts of the British Empire, 29 October 1919-20 May 1920; the League of Nations and admission of neutral states to the Convention, 23 October 1919-21 January 1920; the supply of munitions to Tibet, Afghanistan and Nepal, 29 October 1919-25 May 1920; the Government of France’s commitment to the implementation of the Convention, 11 September 1919; the status of unarmed aircraft under the Convention, 20 November 1919-23 February 1920; the status of warships from which all armaments have been removed, 30 December 1919; the specific limits for ‘effective man-killing weapons’ and other firearms, 6 June 1919-3 February 1920; the meaning of the term ‘export’ in the Arms Traffic Convention, 12 March 1920; the United States’ rejection of the protocol attached to the Convention as unconstitutional, and its consequent inability to prevent private exporters from shipping arms to countries outside it, 6-18 March 1920; the position of Britain and the United States on arms sales to non-signatories, 9 February-15 May 1920; the Persian Government’s intention to adhere to the Convention, 16 April 1920; the notification of signatories about the intention of non-signatories to join the Convention, 20 January-15 June 1920; the Government of Netherlands’ adherence to the Convention, 12-27 May 1920; a request from the Political Resident in Aden for a copy of the Convention, 26 May-24 July 1920; the modification of the additional protocol attached to the Convention, 12 May-2 September 1920; the application of the Convention to the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, 26 August 1919-9 December 1920; the prohibition on the export of arms and ammunition of every kind to China, 22-29 October 1920; and the ability of the Royal Navy to take action in the waters of Persia and Muscat, 1 November 1920-20 January 1921.The correspondence in the volume is primarily between the Under-Secretary of State, Foreign Office; Under-Secretary of State, India Office; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; HM Ambassador to France; HM Ambassador to Japan; HM Ambassador to Belgium; British Minister in Tehran; Resident Naval Officer, Aden Division; Political Resident, Aden; and Secretary of the Admiralty.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 345; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
65. File 3136/1914 Pt 6 ‘German War. Turkey. Jeddah. Food Supplies’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers concerning the impact of war between Britain and Turkey upon shipping, food supplies and travellers on Hajj pilgrimage, along the Red Sea coast of Arabia (including the Hedjaz [Hejaz] and Yemen), and the wider Arab region. Subjects covered include:Reports of food shortages in the Hedjaz region (including at Jeddah and Mecca), prompted by the Government of India’s prohibition of exports to the region from India in March 1914, the subsequent reinstatement of exports (announced in a communiqué from the Viceroy in May 1915, folios 90-91), and reports of the seizure of foodstuffs by the Turkish authorities at Mecca and Jeddah (ff 44-48).Arrangements for the shipment of foodstuffs to the Hedjaz from Egypt.Italian shipping in the Red Sea, including reports of Italian ships stopping at Turkish-controlled ports, and articles banned from being shipped by Italian vessels (ff 167-168).A reported incident in February 1915, in which Turkish military authorities requisitioned 30,000 sacks of barley from an Italian vessel, reported as being intended for Egyptian pilgrims (ff 153-162).The role of the Italian authorities in the Hedjaz in the distribution of supplies, and the implications on this role of Italy’s entry into the war (ff 85-89).Famine in Yemen, reported by British officials as being the result of locust outbreaks in the region, and shipping restrictions from India (ff 122-124).Discussion of whether British subjects from India should be prohibited, or only discouraged from, travelling to Arabia on pilgrimage in 1915 (ff 69-77).The High Commissioner in Egypt, Arthur Henry McMahon’s 1915 proclamation ‘to the people of Arabia’ (English text, folio 64), including responses to the proclamation, and discussion of its implications, amongst Foreign and India Office staff (ff 54-64).Copies of correspondence from McMahon, dated March to June 1916, regarding his negotiations with Shereef [Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi] (ff 18-32).In May 1916, a further blockade on foodstuffs to Jeddah (ff 5-17).The volume’s principal correspondents include: the British High Commissioner in Egypt (Arthur Henry McMahon); the India Office (Arthur Hirtzel, Thomas William Holderness); the British Political Resident at Aden (Charles Henry Uvedale Price); the Viceroy and Governor-General of India (Charles Hardinge).The file contains a single item of correspondence in French, a copy of a letter from the Banque Imperiale Ottomane at Djeddah [Jeddah], dated 27 November 1914 (ff 180-183).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 228; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
66. File 869/1904 Pt 1 'Arms Traffic: - Red Sea, Africa & Aden'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is the first of three successive volumes of correspondence (IOR/L/PS/10/32-34), relating to the British prohibition and suppression of arms traffic between ports in Aden, the Red Sea and the coast of East Africa. The several correspondents include officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office and the Admiralty in London, as well as officials in the Government of India Foreign and Political Department and in the Government of Bombay Political Department. Other notable correspondents are the Commander-in-Chief for the East Indies Station and the Senior Naval Officer for the Aden Division, the Political Resident and the First Assistant Resident at Aden, and the British Commissioner for the Somaliland Protectorate. Included in the correspondence between officials are: a petition from the people of Zeyla [Zeila] to the Deputy Commissioner of British Somaliland in 1905, representations made by British Indian merchants to the Political Agent at Muscat in 1903, a witness statement made by an Arab boat captain to the Harbour Police at Aden in 1905, and an arms traffic intelligence report received from a Reuter’s agent in about 1903. There are a few nineteenth century enclosures to the correspondence between officials, including two letters written in 1891, from Ras Makunan [Makonnen] the Governor of Harrar [Harar, Ethiopia], to the Political Agent and Consul for the Somali Coast.The volume contains a small amount of correspondence in French, in the form of an exchange of notes between the French Minister and the British and Italian Ambassadors in Paris and London, 1905-1906, as well as a copy in French of the Arms Traffic Agreement between France, Italy and Great Britain that was signed in London on 13 December 1906. The diplomatic correspondence also includes an English translation of a document entitled ‘Instructions for the Suppression of the Traffic in Arms in Somaliland’, compiled in about 1904 by the Italian Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs and the Italian Minister of Marine.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 288; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 67-85, and ff 97-169; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
67. File 869/1904 Pt 2 'Arms Traffic: - Red Sea, Africa and Aden'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is the second of three successive volumes of correspondence (IOR/L/PS/10/32-34), relating to the British prohibition and suppression of arms traffic between ports in Aden, the Red Sea and the coast of East Africa. The volume contains copies of ‘The Somaliland Registration of Vessels Regulations, 1904’ and the ‘Aden Sea-traffic in Arms Regulation, 1902’. There is substantial correspondence about amending the 1902 regulation, together with revised drafts made in 1907 and 1908. Correspondents are officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office and the Admiralty in London and the British Ambassador at Paris, as well as officials in the Government of India Foreign and Political Department and in the Government of Bombay Political Department. Other notable correspondents are the Commander-in-Chief for the East Indies Station, the Commander and Senior Naval Officer for the Persian Gulf Division, the Senior Naval Officer for the Aden Division, the Political Resident and the First Assistant Resident at Aden, the Political Agent at Muscat and the British Commissioner for the Somaliland Protectorate. Included in the correspondence are English translations of several letters sent and received by Sultan Ahmed Fadthl, The Abdali of Yemen (also referred to as the Abdali Sultan) in 1905 and 1907, and also by Said Faisal the Sultan of Oman in 1907.The volume contains a small amount of correspondence in French, in the form of a letter from the Italian Consul at Aden to the First Assistant Resident at Aden in 1906 and a letter from the French Consul at Muscat to the Political Agent at Muscat in 1907. The diplomatic correspondence also includes several English translations of notes from the Italian Ambassador and the Italian Chargé d’Affaires at London, to the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in 1907 and 1908.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 264; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the leading and ending flyleaves have not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 145-264 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
68. File 869/1904 Pt 3 'Arms traffic: Red Sea, Africa and Aden'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is the third of three successive volumes of correspondence (IOR/L/PS/10/32-34), relating to the British prohibition and suppression of arms traffic between ports in Aden, the Red Sea and the coast of East Africa. The main correspondents are ministers and officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Colonial Office and the Admiralty in London, as well as officials in the Government of India Foreign and Political Department and in the Government of Bombay Political Department. Other notable correspondents are the Commander-in-Chief for the East Indies Station, the Commander and Senior Naval Officer for the Persian Gulf Division, the Senior Naval Officer for the Aden Division, the Political Resident and the First Assistant Resident at Aden, and the British Commissioner for the Somaliland Protectorate. The correspondence includes naval reports about the British blockade of the Warsangli coast [Somalia] in 1908 and Aden sea patrols in 1911; the ‘Agreement between the United Kingdom, France, and Italy respecting the importation of arms and ammunition into Abyssinia signed at London, December 13, 1906’ as published in 1907; ‘The Aden Arms (Sea Traffic) Regulation, 1910’; and sample forms used for the identification and regulation of dhows and other vessels in the ports of British Somaliland, Aden and Zanzibar. There is also a small amount of diplomatic correspondence, mainly from the French and Italian Ambassadors at London to the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. This correspondence includes sample forms in Italian, together with revised instructions in French that were drafted jointly by the French and Italian Governments, for the enforcement of arms traffic controls in their respective protectorates of French Somaliland, Italian Somaliland and Italian Eritrea.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 220; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
69. Copy of a Letter from Admiral John Blankett, at Jedda, to Lord Duncan, Governor of Bombay
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Admiral John Blankett to Lord Duncan, Governor of Bombay [Mumbai], sent from HMS Leopardat Jedda [Jeddah] and dated 30 June 1800. The letter reports: Blankett's meeting with the Sheriffe [Sharif] of Mecca and his attempts to secure the Sheriffe's co-operation against France; the arrival of two dhows with news from French-held Egypt; the death of Isouf Bashaw [Yūsuf Pasha], the Ottoman governor of Medina; the Sheriffe's expulsion of Ottoman representatives in Jedda; and the Sheriffe's attitude towards the French campaign in Egypt. It also reports Blankett's onward plans from Jedda and requests a replacement ship.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)