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25. ‘Bushire letters out 1848 PT 1 Bushire letters out 1848 PT 2’ Vol 162 Outward letter book, 1849
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains copies of letters sent in 1849 by Major Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, mainly to Arthur Malet, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay in the Political Department, Bombay Castle and to Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Farrant, British Chargé d’Affaires at the Court of the Shah of Persia, Tehran.In May and June 1849, Major Hennell undertook his annual tour of the Trucial Coast Sheikhdoms of the Persian Gulf, aboard the Honourable Company (HC) sloop of war Elphinstone(folios 90-91, 93, 25, 201). During Hennell’s absence from the British Political Residency at Bushire, his official correspondence was carried out by Lieutenant Arnold Burrowes Kemball, the Assistant Resident.The correspondence is predominantly political, discussing events in the Persian Gulf in terms of their significance for British foreign policy, relations and interests in the region. The main topics of discussion are: British suppression of piracy and slave trafficking in the Persian Gulf, relations between the Arab Maritime Chiefs of the Trucial Coast, the Imam of Muscat and the Ruler of Nedgd [Najd], relations between British and Persian authorities in Shiraz and Bushire.Many of the Resident’s letters to the Bombay Government refer to enclosures, the majority of which are present in the volume, including several documents dated 1848 and one document dated 1846 (folios 4-5). Among the enclosures are copies of the Resident’s Arabic and Persian correspondence with agents, officials and rulers. These are in the form of English translations only.MUSCAT: Khojeh Hiskael the British Government Native Agent at Muscat, Syed Soweynee [Sayyid Thuwayni bin Sa‘id Al Bu Sa‘id] the Governor of Muscat and the Imam of Muscat [Sa`id bin Sultan Al Sa‘id] correspond with the Resident about the importation of African slaves by sea from Zanzibar to Muscat; the contemplation of an attack on Bahrain by the Imam of Muscat at the request of Bahrain seceders; alleged aggressions against the territories of the Imam of Muscat by Sheikh Syf ben Humood [Sayyid Syf bin Ḥamūd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] and Sheikh Sultan ben Sugger [Sultan bin Saqr] of Rysulkhyma [Ras Al-Khaimah] (folios 131-135, 231-231).BAHRAIN: Hajee Jassem the British Government Native Agent at Bahrein and Sheikh Mahomed ben Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] the Chief of Bahrein correspond with the Resident about piracy in Bahrein; the death in Muscat of ex-Chief of Bahrein Abdoollah ben Ahmed [‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] on 6 March 1849; the restoration of peace in Bahrain following the settlement of Sheikh Mahomed ben Khuleefa’s quarrel with Bahrain seceders and his reconciliation with rival tribal leaders; the plans of Ameer Fysul [Al Sa‘ud, Amir Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah] the Ruler of Nedgd [Najd] to recover possession of Brymee [Buraimi] and rebuild Adeed [Khor al-Udaid] (folios 6-9, 37-38, 48, 55-56, 60-61, 140-142, 170-171, 198-199, 260, 283-284).SHARJAH: Moollah Houssein the British Government Native Agent at Shargah forwards to the Resident a reply he has received from Sheikh Sultan ben Suggur of Rysulkhyma about the importation of African slaves into Shargah; he also sends several reports to the Resident about various matters, including the siege of Brymee and its eventual surrender by Sheikh Saeed ben Tahnoon [Said bin Tahnun Al Nahayan] the Chief of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi] to the forces of Ameer Fysul the Ruler of Nedgd (folios 10-14, 19-21, 42-44, 52-53, 58, 154-157, 161-164, 166-168, 207-208).OMAN: Ameer Fysul the Ruler of Nedgd and the Shereef (Sharif) of Mecca correspond with the Resident about Sheikh Saeed Tahnoon's seizure and eventual surrender of Brymee (folios 27-28, 58-59, 164-165).SHIRAZ: Meerza (Mirza) Mahmood the British Government Native Agent at Shiraz sends several reports to the Resident about the gradual restoration of public order in Shiraz, following the arrival of Prince Bahram Meerza the new Governor of Fars, on 3 February 1848 (folios 14-17, 40-41, 89-90, 92).BUSHIRE: the Resident corresponds with Prince Bahram Meerza the Governor of Fars about excessive amounts of Persian import duty demanded from Bushire merchant Joseph Malcolm, for imported sugar landed at Bushire in a British merchant ship (folios 64-67, 78, 95-96, 227-228). The Resident also corresponds with Sheikh Nasir Khan the Governor of Bushire about a runaway slave belonging to a Persian subject, seeking refuge aboard a British merchant ship in the port of Bushire (folios 63-64, 193). There are also copies in English of petitions, hearing transcripts and witness statements, relating to two separate and formal investigations conducted by the Resident at Bushire into: the plundering of a shipwrecked Persian vessel in May 1848, including correspondence with Sheikh Syf ben Nubhan, Governor of Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] (folios 274-277); stolen goods passed to a Bushire merchant (folios 237-247).Physical description: The original volume cover and cover title no longer exist. The contents have been rebound in two volumes. An identical volume title, together with part number 1 or 2, is printed on the spine of both volumes.Foliation: the contents in the volume labelled Part 1, are numbered 1-67, 68, 68A, 69-148. The contents in the volume labelled Part 2, are numbered 149-300. Folio number 286 is blank. The numbering is written in pencil on the recto, in the top right corner and encircled. The cover and the two blank folios at the front and back of each volume are unnumbered. This is the main numbering system and should be used for referencing these two volumes.Pagination: the contents in the volume labelled Part 1 are also numbered 1-141, 142, 142a, 143-297. The contents in the volume labelled Part 2 are also numbered 298-570. The numbering is written in ink in the top right or left corner on the recto and verso respectively.
26. ‘Secret letters inward’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises letters and their enclosures, sent under the heading of ‘Secret Department’, to the Resident in the Persian Gulf (Captain Samuel Hennell). The letters are sent by LR Reid, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay.The file’s contents include correspondence relating to:the Imam of Muscat’s desire to return the yacht Prince Regent, given to him by King William the Fourth, and arrangements for its repairs at Bombay (folios 2-13, 76-77);praise for and costs associated with Captain Hamerton’s journey to Brymee [Al Buraymī] (folio 14);the ratification of the Convention of Commerce agreed between the British Government and the Imam of Muscat at Zanzibar on 31 May 1839 (folios 14-39), including a copy of a letter (in English and Arabic) from Lord Palmerston (Henry John Temple) to Sultan Said Syeed bin Sultan [Sa‘id bin Sulṭān] the Imam of Muscat, dated 2 April 1840 (folios 18-22);Egyptian designs on Arabia and Muscat, with details of a discussion between Colonel Hodges, Her Majesty’s Consul in Alexandria, and Mahomed Alli Pasha [Muḥammad ‘Alī Bāshā] (folios 40-43, 52-55);Commander Brucks’s orders for the prohibition of gun salutes in the Gulf, and regulations for the use of gun salutes (folios 44-51);disapproval of the East India Company Board of Directors of Hennell’s pledge to the Sultan of Muscat to protect his territory from invasion (folios 56-57);the granting of permission by Government for the British Agent at Muscat ‘to remove at the unhealthy season from that place’ (folios 61-62);British response to the blockade at Kateef [Al-Qaṭīf], Sohat [Sayhat] and Ajeer (folios 63, 78);British policy to not interfere in differences between the Maritime Arab Chiefs (folios 64-66);a letter sent by Lord Palmerston to the Imam of Muscat, dated 4 October 1840, on French designs on Oman (folios 67-68);the Imam of Muscat’s proposed trip to Zanzibar (folios 69-72);the Imam of Muscat’s designs on Bahrain (folios 73-75).Physical description: Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the last folio before the back cover, on number 80. Foliation anomalies: no ff 21-22.Pagination: There is an incomplete pagination sequence, which is written in ink, in the top-right corners of the rectos and in the top-left corners of the versos.
27. ‘Letters inward; `diaries of Captain Hamerton’s proceedings at Sharjah’’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and other papers received by the Residency in the Persian Gulf during 1840. The principal correspondents are Commodore George Barnes Brucks, Commanding the Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, Commander Anthony H Nott of the Honourable Company’s Brigantine Tigris, and Captain Atkins Hamerton, Political Agent at Muscat from May 1840.Key subjects covered by the correspondence are:Captain Hamerton’s reconnaissance to Bryeemee [Al Buraymī] in January 1840. This includes diary entries for the period 27 November 1839 to 6 January 1840, covering Hamerton’s preparations for his trip at Sharjah (folios 1-10), and a report on Hamerton’s trip to Sharjah, Al Buraymī and Saha [Sohar?], containing descriptions of Al Buraymī, its fort, defences, population, resources, communications (folios 28-39);Discussions between British officials and naval officers relating to the mooring of vessels in the Bushire roads, the recruitment of pilots at Karrack [Jazīreh-ye Khārk] and rates of pay for pilots;Affairs and incidents at Bahrain (spelt Bahrein throughout) and the Arab coast, reported by Brucks;Correspondence from Hamerton, now in his post as Consul and Political Agent at Muscat, on proposals for cooperation between the British fleet in the Persian Gulf, and the Imam of Muscat’s [Sa‘id bin Sulṭān] fleet, including a description of the Sa‘id bin Sulṭān’s fleet (folios 48-51);Correspondence relating to the slave trade in the Persian Gulf, including ‘reports of guard’, forwarded by Commander Nott of the Tigris, containing details of the slave found on vessels flying under the Muscat or Arab flag, with details of the numbers of slaves found, gender and age, their origins, price, the duty paid on them, and profits made from the slave trade at Muscat, Bushire and Bussorah [Basra] (folios 80, 86-90, 100-06).Physical description: Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the last folio before the back cover, on number 109. Foliation anomalies: f 3 is followed by f 3A; f 8 is followed by f 8A; f 44 is followed by f 44A; f 82 is followed by f 82A.Pagination: There is an incomplete pagination sequence, which is written in ink, in the top right corners of the rectos and in the top left corners of the versos.
28. ‘Persian Gulf Affairs Vol: 51’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2302/118727. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Commander John Croft Hawkins, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; and Commander Thomas Grere Carless. It is the fifty-first in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.The item primarily consists of Hawkins’s report of his tour of the Persian [Iranian] coast of the Gulf to remind the shaikhs on that coast of the recent treaty with the Persian Government abolishing the trade in enslaved people, including visits to:Congoon [Bandar-e Kangan]Assoloo [Bandar-e Asaluyeh]Cheroo [Bandar-e Chiru’iyeh]Charrack [Bandar-e Charak]Mogoo [Moghuyeh]Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh]Bassadore [Basaʻidu]Shargah [Sharjah]Muscat.His report also mentions:An advance of 200 rupees to a son of the King of Johanna [Anjouan] to enable him to reach Ceylon [Sri Lanka]A shipment of Assyrian marbles to Bombay [Mumbai]Disputes between the shaikhs of Charrack and MogooA dispute over a battila claimed by the people of Nabend [Damagheh-ye Nay Band]A description of the capture of Brymee [Al Buraymi] by Sheik Saeed bin Tahnoon [Shaikh Sa‘īd bin Ṭaḥnūn Āl Nahyān of Abu Dhabi] and Syed Saif ben Hamood [Sayyid Sayf bin Hamūd Āl Bū Sa‘īd of Suhar], and the reaction of Shaik Sooltan ben Suggur [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī of Ra’s al-Khaymah] and Sheik Muctoom [Shaikh Maktūm I bin Buṭṭī Āl Bū Falāsah of Dubai]His investigation into complaints by Bahman bin Sudda [Bāman bin Sādh bin Amardās] against Khojah Hiskael [Khawājah Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf], British Agent at Muscat.The item also includes a report from Carless including another description of the capture of Brymee and a description of the people who moved from Bahrein [Bahrain] to Kenn [Kish Island].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No: 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 725, and terminates at f 749, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
29. ‘Affairs of the Persian Gulf. Vol: 1’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Governments of Bombay to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:News of cruises made by British ships in the GulfReports of interviews between Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the shaikhs of the GulfIntelligence from the British Agent at MuscatAn unsuccessful attempt by the Governor of Shargah [Sharjah] to capture Ejman [Ajman]Papers carried by British vessels and those departing from ports belonging to the Imam of MuscatThe projected arrival of a French consul at ZanzibarMercantile affairsDefeat of bin Mootluk [Sa‘d bin Muṭlaq] against Sohar [Suhar]‘Piratical’ proceedings off Bahrein [Bahrain]Capture of Brymee [Al Buraymi] by the Chiefs of Sohar and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and the subsequent intention to regain Brymee by a confederation of Omani tribes and the Chief of Rasul Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah]Agreements between Gulf states and Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd]Relations between the new and old chiefs of BahreinDiscontent with Muscat at Soor [Sur]Cholera at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh]Death of Shaik Abdool Azeez bin Rashid [Shaikh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin Rāshid al-Na‘īmī, Shaikh of Ajman].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 312, and terminates at f 324, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
30. ‘Persian Gulf Affairs.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, letters to and from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. It covers a range of topics relating to the Persian Gulf. All of the material in the item dates from 1844-45, except for one letter which is from 1834.The item begins with discussion of the entry into Brymee [Al Buraymi, also referred to in the item as Braimee] and Oman of the forces of Saad bin Mootluk [Sa‘d bin Mutlaq], on behalf of Ameer Fysul [Amir Faysal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Sa‘ud, also referred to in the item as Fysul Alli Suood and Fysul Bin Toorkee] the Wahabee [Wahhabi] leader [Emir of Najd]. This includes:The submission of the local authorities in Brymee to Saad bin Mootluk, and the presentation of gifts to him by several rulers from the Arabian coast of the GulfThe demands of Saad bin Mootluk for tribute from Syud Hamood bin Uzan [Sayyid Hammud bin ‘Azzan al-Bu Sa‘idi] and Syed Soowenee [Sayyid Thuwayni bin Sa‘id Al Bu Sa‘id, also referred to in the item as Syed Sooweynee and Syed Thooenee], the Acting Governor of Muscat [Acting Imam of Muscat], and the response of the latter, including a request to Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, for adviceCorrespondence between Hennell, the Government of Bombay and the Government of India regarding the implications of the above events for British interests in the Gulf, and what their response should be.Also covered in the item is the following:The wreck of two ships off Ejman [Ajman], and the actions of Shaik Abdool Azeez bin Rashid [Shaikh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin Rashid al-Nu‘aymi], the Chief of Ejman [Ruler of Ajman] in recovering the ships and cargoes and restoring them to their ownersThe question of how to deal with an attack on a ship from Karrack [Jazireh-ye Khark] carried out by Humud bin Mujudel [Hamad bin Majdal], the Chief of the Amaeer [‘Amayir] tribe, who is said to be under the protection of Shaik Mahomed bin Khaleifa [Shaikh Muhammad bin Khalifah Al Khalifah], the Ruler of Bahrein [Bahrain]The seizure by Shaik Faris [Shaikh Faris bin Ghayth], the Chief of the Chaab [Banu Ka‘ab], of a ship from Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and the mission of Lieutenant Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Assistant Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Mohumrah [Khorramshahr] to try to persuade Shaik Faris to restore the ship and its cargoThe negotiations for the establishment of an alliance between Shaik Sultan bin Suggar [Shaikh Sultan I bin Saqr al-Qasimi] of Rasel Khymah [Ruler of Ra’s al-Khaymah and Sharjah], and Shaik Khuleefa bin Shackboot [Shaikh Khalifa bin Shakhbut al-Nahyan] of Aboothabee [Ruler of Abu Dhabi]The activities of Shaik Abdoollah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullah bin Ahmad Al Khalifah], the former Ruler of Bahrein, who has received asylum from the Chief of Nabend [Damagheh-ye Nay Band] and is carrying out attacks on ships from BahreinThe appointment of Housseni Khan [Mirza Muhammad Husayn Khan Muqaddam Maragha'i] as Governor [Wali] of Fars, and the reinstatement of Shaik Nasir [Nasr III Al Mazkur] as Governor of Bushire [Bushehr]The arrangements made for the three men accused of the murder of Beebee Aseelah [Bibi Asilu], widow of Meerza Juwad [Mirza Javad Shirazi], the former Native Agent at Shiraz. Two of the accused are to be taken to Tehran, while the third, the victim’s brother, identified as Sultan, son of Hajie Jassem [Haji Jassim], has made a confession (included in the item) and is to remain behindA dispute regarding a possible increase in the duty to be charged on the export of horses from Bushire by British merchants, including a petition from the Bushire merchants, and correspondence from Hajee Mirza Aghasee [Haji Mirza ‘Abbas Aghasi], Prime Minister [Sadr-i A’zam] of Persia [Iran] and Mirza Hadayut Allah [Mirza Hidayat Allah], Moostowfaa [Mustawfi] of the Governor of FarsThe sanctioning of the payment required for a grant in perpetuity of the ground occupied as an English burial place at KarrackThe need for a new coating of mud on all the roofs of the Residency buildings at Bushire, and an estimate of the expenses this will incur.As well as those already mentioned, the main correspondents are: Moollah Houssin [Mullah Husayn], Native Agent at Shargah [Sharjah]; Heskeal Bin Yusoof [Hizqial bin Yusuf], Acting Native Agent at Muscat; and Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, Her Majesty’s Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary at the Court of Persia.The item contains a table of contents (ff 593-598), and the title page (f 592) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 49501, D/t 7557, Collection No. 1 of No. 44’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’. The item was originally divided into two parts, and the title page of the second part (f 694) contains the following reference: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 49501, Vol. 2, Collection No. 1 of No. 54’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 592 and terminates at f 700, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. ‘Old Index Book No 159 From January 1848 To December 1848’ Vol 159 Outward letter book, 1848
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains copies of letters sent in 1848 by Major Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, mainly to Arthur Malet, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay in the Political Department, Bombay Castle and also to Lieutenant Colonel Francis Farrant, British Chargé d’Affaires at the Court of the Shah of Persia, Tehran. Several personnel, financial and other administrative matters are also reported by the Resident to British officials in various government departments in India.In May and June 1848, Major Hennell undertook his annual tour of the Trucial Coast Sheikhdoms on the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, aboard the Honourable Company (HC) sloop of war Cliveand successfully negotiated anti-slavery treaties with the Arab Maritime Chiefs (folios 72-91, 207-210, 222, 223). During Hennell’s absence from the British Political Residency at Bushire, his official correspondence was carried out by Lieutenant Arnold Burrowes Kemball, the Assistant Resident.The correspondence in the volume is predominantly political, reporting events in the Persian Gulf in terms of their significance for British foreign policy, relations and interests in the region. There are two main topics of discussion. One is the British suppression of the African slave trade in the Persian Gulf and the eventual agreement of the Persian Government to apply the same prohibition to Persian subjects and ports of the Gulf, so that inhabitants of the Arabian coast could not use Persian vessels to evade the anti-slavery treaties between the British Government and the Arab Maritime Chiefs, recently concluded by Major Hennell. The other main topic is the changing alliances and frequent hostilities between the Arab Maritime Chiefs of the Trucial Coast, British concerns about the prospect of Ameer Fysul [Al Sa‘ud, Amir Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah], the Ruler of Nedgd [Najd] invading Oman and re-establishing his authority by military force.Many of the Resident’s letters to the Bombay Government refer to enclosures, several of which are present in the volume, including one document dated 1845 (folio 7). Among the enclosures are English translations of the Resident’s Arabic and Persian correspondence with agents, officials and rulers, mainly those in Muscat and Shargah [Sharjah].MUSCAT: Khojeh Hiskael the British Government Native Agent at Muscat and the Governor of Muscat, Syed Soweynee [Sayyid Thuwayni bin Sa‘id Al Bu Sa‘id] correspond with the Resident about the continuance of the African slave trade in Muscat by Persian vessels and the interpretation of the anti-slavery treaty between the British Government and the Imam of Muscat, signed at Zanzibar on 2 October 1845; the defeat of the forces of Ameer Fysul the ruler of Nedgd in Oman, by the forces of Syed Humood bin Azan [Sayyid Ḥamūd bin Azan Āl Bū Sa‘īd], the Chief of Sohar [Ṣuḥār], following the latter’s refusal to pay the annual tribute; the quelling of a rebellion at the port of Soor [Sur] by Syed Soweynee, the Governor of Muscat; the investigation of a complaint made by a bankrupt Muscat merchant against the British Agent at Muscat regarding his actions on behalf of British creditors and an interpretation of their rights under the commercial treaty between the British Government and the Imam of Muscat dated 31 May 1839; the recovery of customs duties irregularly demanded for British cargo aboard a ship temporarily detained at Muscat while on route from Bombay to Aden (folios 65, 116-118, 122, 163-164, 177-179, 194-195, 237-238).SHARJAH: Moollah Hussein the British Government Native Agent at Shargah and Shaikh Sultan bin Suggur [Sultan bin Saqr] the Chief of Rusul Khyma [Ras Al-khaimah] correspond with the Resident about the continuance of the African slave trade at Shargah and other Arabian ports by Persian vessels; the failed attempt to capture the Fort of Ejmaun by Shaikh Abdullah bin Sultan the Governor of Shargah, provoking the Shaikhs of Ejmaun [Ajman], Amulgavine [Umm al-Qaywayn] and Debaye [Dubai] into alliance with Shaikh Saeed bin Tahnoon [Said ibn Tahnun Al Nahayan] of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi]; the defeat of the forces of the Wahabee (Wahhabi) Agent Saad ben Mootluk at Brymee [Buraimi] in Oman by the combined forces of Shaikh Saeed bin Tahnoon the Chief of Aboothabee and Shaikh Syed Humood bin Azan the Chief of Sohar: the confederacy between Shaikh Sultan bin Suggur the Chief of Rusul Khyma, Shaikh Muktoom [Maktum] the Chief of Debai [Dubai] and the Wahabee Agent Saeed ben Mootluk to re-possess Brymee by force and re-establish the Wahabee authority of Ameer Fysul the ruler of Nedgd, in Oman (folios 47-49, 52-53, 62-64, 66-67, 134-138, 151-155, 185-189, 215-217, 227-228, 251-257, 270-272, 287-290).The Resident’s correspondence with Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Farrant, British Chargé d’Affaires at the Court of the Shah of Persia, Tehran includes English translations of the following documents:Reports from Sheikh Syf bin Nubhan the Governor of Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] about Persian aggressions against Bunder Abbas and other lands on the Persian coast of the Gulf, belonging to the Imam of Muscat (folios 42-45, 95-96, 111-114);Orders issued by the Governors of Fars and Persian Arabia, prohibiting the future importation by sea of African slaves into Persia (folios 142-143, 190-191, 247);Reports from Meerza (Mirza) Mahmood the British Government Native Agent at Shiraz about public unrest in Shiraz, following reports of the death of the Shah of Persia on 4 September 1848 (folios 29-30, 128-129, 198-199, 213, 218-220, 235-237, 261-263, 274-279).Physical description: Foliation: the contents are numbered 2 to 311, from the front to the back of the volume. The numbering is written in pencil on the recto,in the top right corner and encircled. Folios 305 to 311 are blank. At the back of the volume is a transparent polyester sleeve numbered 312 that contains the remnants of the broken volume spine. The front cover of the volume is numbered 1. The plain white board at the back of the volume is unnumbered. This is the main numbering system and should be used for referencing this volume.Pagination: the contents are also paginated from 1 to 585. The numbering is written in ink, in the top right hand corner of the page. The page numbers 1 to 4 are no longer visible, because the right hand edge of the page is torn and missing.Condition: broken front cover (folio 1), two torn pages (folios 2-3), one tear at the bottom edge of the paper (folio 188), broken, detached spine cover (folio 312), missing back cover.
32. 'Vol 186 1853/54 Bahrain; Arabian Coast and Muscat; Slave Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: The letterbook is comprised of correspondence sent between the Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain Arnold Kemball, and the Chief Secretary of the Government in Bombay, Arthur Malet, relating to events at Bahrain (folios 1-61), on the Arabian Coast and Muscat (folios 63-256), and the slave trade (folios 258-414).Correspondence relating to Bahrain, the Arab Coast and Muscat, chiefly concerns relations (including conflicts and settlements) between the Arab tribes, occasional breaches of the maritime peace, and the movements of a Wahhabi army eastwards from the Arabian interior, towards Al-Buraimi and Muscat. Correspondence relating to the slave trade chiefly concerns instances of slaves being imported into Persia from Zanzibar, occasionally via the Batinah and Arab coasts.Physical description: Foliation: The letterbook has been split into two volumes, ending at folio 208 in the first volume, and picking up at folio 209 in the second. Foliation begins on the first page of text in the first volume, and ends on the last page of the original letterbook in the second volume. The foliation system uses pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. An original pagination system, written in ink in the top-left corner of versos and the top-right corner of rectos, runs through both volumes.The front cover, inside cover, front flyleafs, rear flyleafs and inside back cover of each volume are unfoliated.The following foliation anomalies occur: 41A, 74A, 74B (no 74), 179A, 179B (no 179), 184A, 184B (no 184), 187A, 194A, 194B (no 194), 196A, 196B (no 196), 203A, 263A, 282A, 282B (no 282), 295A, 295B (no 295), 331A, 331B (no 331).
33. ‘File XXVIII/10 REPORT ON PRESENT CONDITIONS IN MUSCAT AND DEALINGS OF THE STATE WITH THE TRIBES NOMINALLY UNDER IT.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of reports and diaries circulated between British Officials. The reports are concerned mainly with internal affairs in Muscat and Oman. The British Political Agent and Consul at Muscat reports to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, on the present conditions in Muscat and the situation of failure between the state and the tribes nominally under it. The Political Agent also provides half-yearly statements of the revenue of the Muscat State finance along with comments on Bertram Sidney Thomas’ financial reports.Among other issues included in the reports are:the news of collecting zakat(alms) money from various regions in Oman and Muscat and people’s reaction to thatShaikh ‘Isa bin Salih’s diplomacy in bringing conflicting tribes togetherthe clashes between the two main Omani factions, the Hanawi and the Ghafirithe Wahhabis’ occupation of al-Buraimi in the1800s, and how they influenced some of the tribes of al-Dhahira region who still identify themselves as Wahhabisthe relation between the Sultan of Muscat and Shaikh 'Isa bin Salih al-Harthi and his father Shaikh Salih bin Ali before himthe issue of succession of Sultan Taimur bin Faisalthe need of the British to protect al-Buraimi from the Wahhabisa summary of the history of Oman, its Ibadhisect, the establishment of the Imama(religious leadership) and the ruling family founded in 1744the rebellions of 1895 and 1913The last report in the file is of the visit of the Senior Naval Officer to the Trucial Coast in May 1931, and his notes on the internal affairs in Ras al-Khaimah and Dubai.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 59; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
34. 'File 2/10 1 II. AVIATION. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (1) Reconnaissance of Basrah, Aden, Muscat, Masirah, Murbat, Sauqrah Bay Etc. AIR ROUTE.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the Air Staff Intelligence, Air Headquarters, Baghdad’s request for information to be obtained from Muscat regarding the possible establishment of a subsidiary air route from Iraq to India via the Arabian side of the Gulf. The required information was concerning the straight line Mirfah-Biraimi-Khaburah. Arrangements were made for some Royal Air Force (RAF) representatives to visit the region accompanied by a doctor, and Bertram Sidney Thomas, Financial Advisor to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman.The correspondence contains information on the estimates of the cost of the journey including hire of camels; cost of feeding men and camels; presents to be given to the Shaikhs; wages and foodstuffs, coffee etc.Letters were sent to various Shaikhs and Walis in Sohar, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Baraimi [Buraimi] and other regions, asking them to assist the Royal Air Officers while conducting their work. The correspondence contains letters of certain Shaikhs such as Shaikh Salim bin Diyin [Dayyin] Al-Ka‘bi and Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih Al-Ḥārithī [Al Harthi] negotiating the terms for them to accept the RAF work to take place. It also contains reports about the troubles made by some of the Bedouin tribes.Bertram Sidney Thomas reported on his observation on the proposed seaplane flight along the south Arabian coast. He also sent a report (ff 82- 130) to the Sultan and the Political Resident on the proceedings of the RAF Trans-Oman Expedition which he conducted from Sohar to Sharjah between 12 May and 3 June 1927. The report is in two parts covering the following: preliminary situation; itinerary of expedition; description of country passed through; tribal situation and Ibn Saud; personalities; tribal considerations and the air route.The volume also includes correspondence with the Sultan of Socotra regarding the construction of landing ground in his territory near Qishn. It also includes correspondence about the Air Ministry’s interest in extending the reconnaissance to establish landing grounds along the southern coast of Arabia.Among other correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agent, Muscat; Muscat and Oman, Council of Ministers; and C Hilton Keith, Squadron Leader RAF, Sohar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
35. 'File 11/6 Colonel Miles' Notes on Buraimi'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a single report compiled by Colonel Miles, the Political Agent in Muscat, on a visit to the Buraimi in 1875. The report contains an extensive description of the Colonel's journey, including the geographic and botanical features of the region between Muscat and Buraimi as well as any military fortifications that exist. The report also describes the various tribal and clan leaders and their relationships to the Wahhabis in Nejd and the Sultan of Muscat and Oman. Most of the report is a personal account of Colonel Miles' impressions of the ruins and hamlets of the region, their ancient origins in legend and contemporary situation.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 30; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
36. ‘File XXVIII/9 Internal Politics and Relations with Oman Sohar, Sharaqiah, Nizwa and Baraimi News. 1925 to 1931.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of reports, letters and translated letters related to political affairs in Oman. The correspondence is mainly concerned with the news of Ibn Sa'ud’s probable attempt to take over the al-Buraimi region in north-west Oman and the arrangement of the shaikhs of Trucial Oman and Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih al-Harthi on behalf of the Imam of Oman to militarily unite against Ibn Sa'ud. To discuss the matter, members of the Bani Yas tribe from Dubai visit Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih in his home town al-Qabil (mistakenly referred to in the file as Kabul).The Political Agent at Muscat reports to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, on internal affairs taking place in various towns that belong to the regions of al-Dhahira, al-Dakhiliyya and al-Sharqiyya of Oman. He also reports on clashes between the two main Omani factions, the Hanawi and the Ghafiri, and the role played by Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih al-Harthi to settle the cases, reportedly in order to unite various Omani tribes against Ibn Sa'ud.The file also includes news of the areas of Al-'Ainain, 'Ibri and Yanqul falling under the influence of Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih, and news of the murder of some local Omani shaikhs and the names of those who took over their positions.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 91; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-90; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
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