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97. 'British Interests in Persia and the Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a letter concerning British interests in the Persian Gulf by William Lee-Warner of the Foreign Office. It questions if interests are clearly defined and reviews former declarations of policy made by the India Office.It includes the following:the attitude of the India Office;the position of competitors;a summary of leading diplomatic understandings and agreements;suggestions of possible courses of action.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 82, and terminates at f 84, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
98. 'Oil Interests in the Persian Gulf. Communicated by the Board of Trade and revised to 28 June 1928.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum outlining oil concessions in Persia and Iraq held by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Standard Oil, and the Turkish Petroleum Company. It covers the Arabian littoral of the Gulf, and highlights the restrictions placed on Arab rulers by treaty engagements from granting oil concessions without approval of His Majesty's Government. In addition, it notes that Eastern and General Syndicate have a concession for Bahrein [Bahrain] Islands; and assesses the importance of Persian oil to Britain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences and terminates at f 76, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, and is located in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.
99. ‘File 41/1 Licences for Arms carried by Nakhudas’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence relating to licences for arms carried by the nakhudas of boats on the Arab coast of the Gulf. Correspondents in the file include the Political Agent at Bahrain, and the Rulers of Abu Dhabi, Kalba, Qatar, Ra’s al-Khaymah and Umm al-Qaywayn.The file includes:a request from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Crawshaw Galloway, to his Political Agents, dated October 1945, that the rulers on the Arab coast of the Gulf be requested to instruct their subjects to obtain permits for the carrying of arms at sea (ff 2-3);correspondence between the Officiating Political Agent and the Acting Adviser to the Government of Bahrain, relating to the policy for arms licences in Bahrain (ff 4-5), and including a copy of the Arms Ordinance for Bahrain, dated 29 December 1936 (f 21);copies of letters (English and Arabic) from the Political Agent at Bahrain, Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Crawshaw Galloway, dated 23 December 1945, to the Sheikhs of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Qatar, Ra’s al-Khaymah and Umm al-Qaywayn, and the Regent of Kalba, making the formal request for arms licences to be carried by nakhudas (ff 6-15);replies to the Political Agent’s letter from: Sheikh Khalid bin Aḥmad Āl Qāsimī, Regent of Kalba (ff 16-17); Sheikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qāsimī, Ruler of Ra’s al-Khaymah (f 18); Sheikh Aḥmad bin Rashid Al Mu’alla, Ruler of Umm al-Qaywayn (ff 19-20); Sheikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī, Ruler of Qatar (ff 24-25);further letters from the Political Agent at Bahrain to the various rulers along the Arab coast, dated 4 September 1946, reminding them of their obligations under the Prohibition of Traffic of Arms Act of 1902 (ff 27-33) and, in the case of the Ruler of Qatar, the 1916 Treaty with Great Britain (f 35); replies from Sheikh Shakhbūṭ bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān, Ruler of Abu Dhabi (ff 36-37), the Regent of Kalba (ff 38-39), the Sheikhs of Qatar (ff 40-41) and Umm al-Qaywayn (ff 42-43) are also included;correspondence relating to an instance of arms dealing reported at Doha, Qatar, in October 1946 (ff 44-46);correspondence, dated 1949, relating to proposals for an arms permit system in the Gulf (ff 47-50).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 56; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-35; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
100. 'File 13/6 Arms Traffic General'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, telegrams, statements and notes regarding incidents of arms and ammunition smuggling incidents in Kuwait.The file includes:accounts from the Commander of the Persian Gulf Division regarding rifles carried by pearling dhows;request for all vessels leaving the port of Kuwait to be provided with a permission to carry arms, countersigned by the local rulers and the Political Agent (several copies of the form in Arabic on folios 15-20);correspondence on weapons owned by Ibn Saud and confiscated near Sharjah;smuggling of American rifles in the Persian Gulf;arrest and deportation of an arms smuggler from Muscat;the establishment of a role of Informer at Kuwait, to update the Intelligence Officer for the Persian Gulf, and extracts from the Intelligence Officer's Arms Traffic Diary;price list for French arms for sale at Muscat.The principal correspondents are: British India Steam Navigation Company, the Amir of Nejd, Abdul Aziz bin Saud (Āl Sa‘ūd, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal); the Rulers of Kuwait: Mubarak us Subah (Shaikh Mubarak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ) and his successor, Shaikh Salim bin Mubarak Al Sabah; the Foreign Office; the Commander of the Persian Gulf Division; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Percy Cox; the Political Agent at Muscat; the Political Agents in Kuwait, Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, followed by William George Grey.There are letters in Arabic within the file, mostly with English translation.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 248; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-247; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence between ff 1-82, which was also written in pencil and circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
101. 'The British Position in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: A summary of the British Position in the Persian Gulf detailing the rulership and ownership of the coastal territories and the agreements made between their rulers and Great Britain.The territories and areas described in the summary include:The Trucial Chiefs: Rasel Kheimah [Ras al-Khaimah], Umm al-Kawain [Umm al Qaywayn], Ajman, Shargah [Sharjah], Debai [Dubai], and Abu Dthabi [Abu Dhabi]; includes details of their treaties and agreements with Britain, and the inclusion of El Katr [Qatar] as a Trucial Chief from 1916 onwards.The Persian province of Arabistan, including details of the assurances given to him by both the Persian and British Governments.The Islands of the Gulf, in particular Kishm [Qeshm] and Henjam [Hengām].The coast of Persian Baluchistan, giving details of the overland wires of the Indo-European Telegraph Company that run through the area, and the agreements made for detachments of Indian troops to be stationed at Jask on that coastline.The Arab state of Muscat, detailing the recognition of its independence in 1862 and the British influence over the state.Koweit [Kuwait] including the agreements made with the Shaikh in 1899 and 1907, and the recognition of Kuwait as an independent principality under British protection in November 1914.Bahrein [Bahrain], including the steps taken there to protect British interests.The summary goes on to describe the British position and responsibilities with regards to the waters of the Gulf, including the Indian Marine's commitment against slavery in the nineteenth century; its struggles to prevent Piracy, which led to the establishment of treaty relations with the Arab Chiefs; the surveys of the waters and shorelines undertaken by Naval Officers of the Indian service; the development of British trade and foreign commerce; the protection of pear fisheries; and the maintenance of the submarine cables of the Indo-European Telegraph Company.The summary concludes with a brief description of the strategic importance of the Gulf, particularly in relation to threats to India; the threat to the British position by the Turkish Government in the years leading up to World War One, and the actions taken by the British Government to nullify it; and Great Britain's role as an arbiter and guardian of the Persian Gulf.There are two copies of the summary, the author of which is unknown.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of both folios.
102. 'Unsettled state of affairs at Muscat and operations against the Joasmee Pirates by the combined forces of the Company and the Muscat Government'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of correspondence regarding the situation in Muscat after the death in 1804 of the Imam Syed Sultan [Sultan bin Ahmad Al Bu Sa’id] and efforts to counter the naval activities of the Joasmee [Al-Qasimi] in the Gulf. The correspondence is particularly concerned with the capture by the Joasmee of two British ships, the Shannonand the Trimmer, and the eventual return of the Trimmeras part of a truce.Other topics covered include:· An attempted coup by Syed Gheiss [Qais bin Ahmad Al Bu Sa’id], the brother of the late Imam· An Omani expedition to recover Gombroon [Bandar Abbas] from Mullah Hussain [Molla Husayn], ruler of Kishem [Qeshm]· The establishment of a permanent Residency at Muscat.The correspondence consists mainly of letters between the Government of Bombay and the Resident at Muscat. The other correspondents are: Mullah Hussain; Syed Gheiss; the Resident at Bussora [Basra]; the Resident at Bushire; Sultan ben Suggur [Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi], Emir of Sharjah; and Syed Beder [Badr bin Saif Al Bu Sa’id], Regent of Oman.The bulk of the item dates from the years 1805 and 1806, the earlier date range includes copies of the Anglo-Omani Agreement of 1798 and an amendment to it from 1800 (ff 17-19).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 2, and terminates at f 90, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original pagination sequence.
103. 'Basiduh and its Approaches'
- Description:
- Abstract: Chart 35.Hydrographic chart covering the port of Basiduh [Basaidu] on Qeshm Island, Persia [Iran]. Also depicts the western part of Clarence [Khuran] Strait, the Persian Gulf and a fifty-mile length of the Persian mainland coast. Portrays hydrology, including depths by soundings and contours, sands, mud, rocks and anchorages, relief by spot heights, hachures and rock drawings, vegetation, cultivation, settlements, public buildings and place names, and includes topographical notes and navigational aids, including beacons and prominent buildings. The sheet also includes an inset of Basiduh Anchorage at scale 1:60,500 and an annotated sketch view, at an unspecified scale, of the approach to Basiduh from the south-east.The margins have been trimmed, with some information lost.Chart surveyed by Commander Charles Golding. Constable, Indian Navy, and assisted by Lieutenant Arthur William Stiffe, Indian Navy, 1858-60. Soundings in 'hair line' from a survey by Commander George Barnes Brucks and Lieutenant Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Indian Navy, 1828. Engraved by Edward Stanford. Published at the Admiralty 1867, with corrections 1868 and 1869.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 457 x 625mm, on sheet 484 x 643mm
104. ‘Regarding the recently ascertained error in the Geographical position of Bushire’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of Marine Letters sent between the Government of Bombay and the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 28 April 1847 and 26 May 1847.The item relates to the discovery of an error in the hydrographic charts of the Persian Gulf with regards to the position of Bushire [Bushehr]. Captain Robert Oliver, Superintendent of the Indian Navy, makes suggestions for rectifying the error. Oliver also suggests contacting Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden, who contributed to the original chart.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Marine Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5946, Draft No. 130 of 1848’, ‘Collection N. 8’ and ‘Secretary’s Office, Marine Branch, 1847’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 116, and terminates at f 125, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
105. ‘BAGHDAD AND THE PERSIAN GULF’
- Description:
- Abstract: Newspaper cutting from an unknown paper with date ‘Tues May 17th 1913’ inserted in black ink at top of the page.Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures.Map of the Persian Gulf region issued with an article ‘British Interest in the Gulf’ to illustrate the Baghdad Railway with proposed terminus in Basra. Also shows wireless telegraph stations in Mekran and Sharga.Physical description: Dimensions:106 x 135 mm
106. 'Lower Mesopotamia between Baghdad and the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Created by the War Office. Covers the northernmost seventy miles of the Persian Gulf and its hinterland extending 270 miles to the north and west in present-day Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Portrays freshwater and coastal hydrology (including soundings and submarine contours), relief by spot heights and shading, roads and tracks, railways, telegraphs, pipelines, cultivation, settlements, place names, water sources and international boundaries. Sheet bears the series designation Geographical Section, General Staff, No. 2563.Verso bears the annotation 'Lower Mesopotamia'.Physical description: Materials: Printed in colourDimensions: 558 x 572mm, on sheet 752 x 668mm
107. 'Abu Shahr (Bushire)'
- Description:
- Abstract: Chart 27.Hydrographic chart covering a twelve-mile length of coast around Abu Shahr, Persia [Bandar-e Bushehr, Iran] on the Persian Gulf. Portrays hydrology, including depths by soundings and contours, sands, mud and rocks, relief by spot heights and rock drawings, vegetation, cultivation, settlements, public buildings, forts and place names, and includes topographical notes and navigational aids, including beacons and prominent buildings.The sheet also portrays, at an unspecified scale, an annotated sketch view (40 x 590mm) of Abu Shahr and adjacent coastline from the west.Chart surveyed by lieutenants Thomas Henry Herbert Hand, Charles Steward Hickman, Edward James Headlam, Alexander Gordon Bingham and William Kirkwood Thyne, Royal Indian Marine under the direction of Captain Thomas Henry Heming, Royal Navy, Marine Survey of India, 1904. Inner anchorage re-sounded by Lieutenant A D D Smyth, Royal Navy, 1911. Engraved by Davies & Company. Published at the Admiralty, 1906, new edition 1912 with small corrections.The number '184.12' is stamped in the top right margin.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 973 x 637mm, on sheet 664 x 1009mm
108. ‘Bombay. Persian Consul. Levy by the Persian Consul at Bombay, of fees on Buglas trading to the Persian Gulf, and on goods shipped in such Buglas.~’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 29 August 1854.The item relates to complaints made to the Government of Bombay against Mirza Houssin Khan [Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Khān, also rendered in text as Mirza Hossain Khan], Persian Consul at Bombay, for charging fees to vessels trading in the Persian Gulf and at Bombay. The item contains:Letters of complaint by Henry Young, Commissioner of Customs, Bombay, and Aga Ihan [Ḥasan ‘Alī Shāh, Āqā Khān I?], Persian [Iranian] resident at Bombay [Mumbai], which provide details of the feesMirza Houssin Khan's response to the complaintsLegal opinion of Augustus Smith Le Messurier, Advocate General, Bombay, as to the validity of these charges.The Government of Bombay refer the issue to the Government of India, who respond with requests for more information.Young is also referred to as the Collector of Customs.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', Draft Number '1094 [18]54', 'Collection No. 5 of No. 60 of 1854', and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 534, and terminates at f 552, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.