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97. ‘File 16/37 A II Anti Locust Measures’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers relating to locust-control campaigns taking place on the Arabian peninsula and in southern Persia [Iran] between May 1943 and September 1944. The file is a direct chronological continuation of ‘File 16/37A-I Anti-Locust Measures’ (IOR/R/15/2/1544). The principal correspondents are: the Political Agent at Bahrain (Edward Birkbeck Wakefield; Captain Michael Gray Dixon; Major Tom Hickinbotham); representatives of the Middle East Anti-Locust Unit (MEALU) including the Chief Locust Officer (Reginald Charles Maxwell-Darling; Leslie Desmond Edward Foster Vesey-Fitzgerald) and Administrative Officer (W H E Matthews); representatives of the Middle East Supply Centre (MESC) (Maxwell-Darling); and representatives of the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave; George William Reginald Smith).The correspondence covers:arrangements for the pay and expenses of men employed in the 1942/43 locust campaign;arrangements for the return of motor vehicles used in the 1942/43 locust campaign, and arrangements for repairs to and replacement of motor vehicles;arrangements, orders and instructions for the 1943/44 locust campaign, including arrangements for the provision of equipment, poison bait, medical supplies, transport and fuel, finances, Arabic interpreters, communications;MEALU reports on locust observations during the 1943/44 campaign.The file contains papers dated April 1952 relating to the repatriation of three destitute pilgrims from Bahrain to Pakistan, which were presumably added to the file in error (ff 161-164).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 442; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-403; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
98. ‘File 16/37 Report regarding Locust situation in Bahrain – Monthly Reports’
- Description:
- Abstract: Reports and papers relating to the occurrence of locust swarms on the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf. The file chiefly comprises copies of monthly reports of locust occurrences at Bahrain and on the Trucial Coast, submitted by the Political Agency in Bahrain, at the request of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, Government of India. The file is a direct chronological continuation of ‘File 16/37 Miscellaneous. Monthly reports of locust occurrences in Bahrain– Submission of–’ (IOR/R/15/2/1542). Most reports are marked ‘nil’, meaning no locust occurrences observed. Positive reports of locusts give the following details: the place they were observed; date when seen; direction of flight; colour of insects; the duration of their stay.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 48; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-31; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
99. ‘File 16/37 Miscellaneous. Monthly reports of locust occurrences in Bahrain– Submission of–’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers relating to the occurrence of locust swarms on the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf. The file chiefly comprises copies of monthly reports of locust occurrences at Bahrain and on the Trucial Coast, submitted by the Political Agency in Bahrain, at the request of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, Government of India. All reports are marked ‘nil’, meaning no locust occurrences observed, with the exception of those for April 1941 (f 200), August 1943 (f 253), and March 1944 (f 265).The file also includes:correspondence concerning the visit to the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf, between January and April 1937, of Reginald Charles Maxwell-Darling of the Imperial Institute of Entomology, London. Correspondence relates to Maxwell-Darling’s travel arrangements, notification of the Trucial Coast rulers of the visit, and difficulties likely to be experienced in travelling into Ibn Saud’s [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] territories (ff 55-136);correspondence dated 1937, relating to locust movements in Arabia, in connection to locust movements in India and Iran (ff 145-146, ff 150-152);correspondence dated 1943 making reference to the activities of the Anti-Locust Mission on the Trucial Coast.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 306; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 12-281; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
100. ‘File 16/37A-I Anti-Locust Measures’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers relating to efforts, undertaken by representatives of the Middle East Anti-Locust Unit (MEALU), to control desert locusts (first reported in western India in August 1942 (f 3)) along the Arab coast between Bahrain and Oman. The principal correspondents include: the Political Agent at Bahrain (Edward Birkbeck Wakefield); the Chief Locust Officer (Reginald Charles Maxwell-Darling) and Locust Officer (Leslie Desmond Edward Foster Vesey-Fitzgerald) of MEALU, who arrived in Bahrain to carry out their work in October 1942; the Defence Officer for the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel H T Hewitt); representatives of the California-Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC); and representatives of the Bahrain shipping agent Gray, Mackenzie & Company.The file includes:reports from Maxwell-Darling and Vesey-Fitzgerald, as well as from numerous other British officials from across the Persian Gulf region, including the British Minister at Tehran, Sir Reader William Bullard, on locust observations. The observations include estimations of the size of swarms, movement and direction of insects, age and colour of animals;correspondence relating to arrangements for the shipment of locust poison bait from the Sudan Government in Khartoum, to Bahrain;correspondence relating to the arrangements of facilities for the MEALU team on the Trucial Coast, chiefly arrangements for suitable vehicles (arranged with the assistance of CASOC and the Defence Officer for the Persian Gulf), experienced drivers and motor mechanics, finances, and rations;papers issued by MEALU, including instructions on reporting locust swarms (ff 136-137), and notes on locust campaigns in sparsely inhabited countries (ff 194-195, ff 385-386);a copy of a booklet entitled Methods of Locust Control, produced by the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research and published by the Government of India Press, Calcutta [Kolkota], 1941 (ff 226-236);a reprint of an academic journal article entitled Some results of studies of the Desert Locust (Schistocerca Gregaria, Forsk.) in India, by Rao Bahadur Y Ramchandra Rao (ff 266-278). The article is a reprint from the Bulletin of Entomological Research, volume 33, part 3, published December 1942;some papers relating to anti-locust activities in southern Iran.The file contains a single letter in Arabic, a letter to the Political Agent from the Ruler of Qatar, Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī (f 334).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 450; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-423; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
101. 'File 5/190 IV Manumission of slaves at Muscat: individual cases'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to thirty-eight manumission cases, heard at the Political Agency in Muscat. All cases involve slaves who had absconded from the Trucial Coast, or slavery related incidents on the Trucial Coast. All cases were therefore referred to the Residency Agent at Sharjah (‘Īsá bin ‘Abd al-Latif). Each case follows a set pattern. The Political Agent in Muscat (three incumbents in the period covered: until March 1933, Major Bremmer; March to June 1933, Captain Alban; June 1933 to June 1935, Major Bremmer; from June 1935, Major Watts) sent the slave's manumission statement to the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Fowle). In his covering letter the Political Agent noted any physical signs of mistreatment upon the slave's body, and recommended manumission. Upon receipt of the statement, staff at the Political Residency sent a letter to ‘Īsá bin ‘Abd al-Latif, requesting further details on the slave and his or her case. The Residency Agent responded to the Political Residency, with details of the case, and a recommendation of manumission.Most of the manumission cases are straightforward and follow the pattern described above. Unusual cases in the volume include a kidnapping incident (subject 21, folios 152-66), in which a woman of Sharjah made a statement at the Political Agency at Muscat, asking for help in retrieving her kidnapped daughter. In two cases (subjects 27 and 29, respectively folios 202, 221), reference is made to the Residency Agent at Sharjah sending a slave back to his owner, rather than hearing the request for manumission.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 297; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
102. 'File 5/191 Kidnapping of Baluchis and Indians on the Mekran Coast and exporting them for sale at Oman and Trucial Coast'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between various British Government officials in the Persian Gulf, who were responding to a perceived increase in the trade of slaves across the Gulf of Oman, from the Baluchistan coast to the Batinah and Trucial coasts on the Arabian Peninsula. A significant proportion of the volume is intelligence on maritime slave trading activities on the Baluchistan coast. This intelligence was collected by local Baluchis reporting to the Assistant Superintendent of the telegraph office at Jask (Mr Navarra), who telegraphed reports of the activity of dhows suspected of carrying slaves to the Arab coast to the Political Residency, then under the charge of Major Arthur Trevor. In the case of those boats suspected to be headed to the Trucial Coast, the Political Resident requested the Residency Agent at Sharjah [‘Īsá bin ‘Abd al-Latif] to use the intelligence to retrieve the slaves once they have arrived on the Trucial Coast. When there was evidence of either direct or indirect involvement on the part of one of the Trucial Coast shaikhs in slave trading, the Political Resident wrote directly to the shaikh concerned, warning him of the consequences of his actions (for example, folio 86). Conversely, when a shaikh had taken action in the rescue of a slave, he received praise from the Political Resident (folio 137).A report from Captain Brandon, Commanding Officer of HMS Cyclamen, which was patrolling the Baluchistan coast in order to deter slave traders, wrote that a well-known slave trader on the Makran coast was in receipt of a small annual subsidy from the British Government to protect the telegraph line in the area (folios 176-77). This suggestion was contested by Mr Navarra (folios 206-08), though he conceded that others involved in the slave trade on the Makran coast, who have seen their slaves intercepted by British authorities, had threatened to cut British telegraph cables in retaliation. Mr Navarra also suggested that the trade in slaves from Baluchistan to the Arabian Coast, besides being a result of the continued drought and famine in the Baluchistan region, had been recently encouraged by an increase in the trade of rifles from Arabia to Baluchistan, one being used to pay for the other.Physical description: Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover with circled numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. There is an earlier foliation system using uncircled numbers that runs through the volume. The earlier foliation system is referenced by annotations in the correspondence that refer to earlier correspondence existing in the volume.
103. ‘File 5/196 I Slave traffic in the Gulf: Hindu boys kidnapped from Karachi and other cases’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence in the first part of the volume relates to specific cases of the kidnapping of boys from Baluchistan/India to the Trucial Coast, and the efforts of the Political Resident and Political Agents to locate, retrieve and repatriate them. Reference is made to a court case in Karachi, in which witness testimonies reveal the extent of the slave trade across the Gulf of Oman (folios 107-108), and the numbers of slaves on the Trucial Coast, with up to 1,500 claimed to be in Dubai.The volume broadens in scope, reflecting the British Government’s concerns about the extent of the slave trade from Persia/Baluchistan. There are detailed reports made in 1929 on the extent and nature of slavery in the Gulf region, specifically in Kuwait (folios 198-204, 215-216), Qatar (folios 220-223), the Trucial States (folios 208-209), and Muscat (folios 242-260). The last of these reports is compiled by Bertram Thomas, then Wazir [Finance Minister] for the State of Muscat, and focuses on the slave trade in the Al-Batinah region of Oman. The report includes a detailed account of slavery and the pearl diving industry, maps of slave trade routes across the Gulf of Oman and on the Al-Batinah coast, and the names of known slave dealers in the region.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 307; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.The volume contains three foliation anomalies, ff 2a, 2b and 233a.
104. 'File 5/198 I Kidnapping on the Trucial Coast'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to incidents of kidnapping in the Trucial Coast region. The correspondence for each incident was probably compiled at a later date, drawing together extracts from other Bushire subject files, in particular the Sharjah diary subject file (identified as file 14/160 V in a number of cases). These Sharjah diary extracts describe specific events of kidnapping or other incidents related to kidnapping. In some subjects, these diary extracts constitute the sole contents of a subject. In other subjects, correspondence follows between the Residency Agent in Sharjah (until August 1935, ‘Īsá bin ‘Abd al-Latif; between August 1935 and early 1936, Husain bin Hasan 'Amad as Acting Agent; from early 1936, Abd al-Razzaq Razuqi) the Secretary to the Political Resident, and the Political Agent Bahrain (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Loch), who followed up on the incidents in question.The incidents referred to in the volume deal primarily with kidnapping carried out by the Manasir and Awamir Bedouin tribes, who abducted their victims from the Trucial Coast towns and the areas around them. The victims were usually women and children, with slaves being a particular target. The Residency Agent and Political Resident coordinated to encourage the Trucial Coast shaikhs to recover kidnapped persons, and capture or punish known kidnappers. In relation to a kidnapping incident in July 1934, the Political Resident wrote to the Residency Agent at Sharjah (folio 29), enquiring if they [the Bedouin kidnappers] were 'under any Trucial shaikh, and if not, do they bear nominal allegiance to H. M. Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].' The Residency Agent responded by saying that 'submission to His Majesty Ibn Saud is a matter of conjecture as he wields authority in that wild region' (folio 33).In many cases there was some partial success in recovering kidnapped persons, and on occasions the perpetrators were captured and imprisoned. On each new case of which he was informed, the Secretary to the Political Resident reminded the Residency Agent and the Political Agent at Bahrain of outstanding cases still requiring resolution. On one occasion, the Acting Residency Agent (Husain bin Hasan 'Amad) stated that, while the shaikhs made every effort to immediately recover kidnapped persons, the more time that passed the less likely they were to take action. Hasan 'Amad continued by stating that other tribes were often brought in to mediate between the shaikhs and kidnapping tribes, to 'negotiate an agreement between them so that no claim should be made for past happenings. This is the practice which has always been current between the Rulers of the Trucial Coast and the Bedouin Arabs' (folios 126-127).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 178; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers. The sequence includes one foliation anomaly, f 252a.
105. 'File 5/198 II, 199, 200 Kidnapping of persons on the Trucial Coast; purchase and export of slaves from the Trucial Coast; Saudi Government's regulations on the slave traffic'
- Description:
- Abstract: The contents of subject file 5/198 II relate to four kidnapping and slave trade incidents that occurred on the Trucial Coast between 1938 and 1941. In one incident (folios 8-22), the boat of the suspected trader, used to transport slaves, had its rudder and sail removed by the Shaikh of Dubai's men. In another incident (folios 29-42) in 1941 the Political Agent in Muscat (Captain Tom Hickinbotham) wrote to the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Geoffrey Prior) about a slave trader known to be a subject of the Shaikh of Fujairah. Since the Shaikh claimed independence from his overlord the Shaikh of Sharjah in 1901, Hickinbotham wrote, if the British Government was to recognise the Shaikh of Fujairah's independence, it would be the case that no slave treaties or agreements had been signed between him and the British Government, making the retrieval of slaves or suppression of the slave trade in the Shaikh's dominions more difficult.The correspondence in the volume originally from subject file 5/199 (folios 49-65) relates to the purchase and export of slaves from the Trucial Coast by an identified slave trader. In September 1935 the Residency Agent at Sharjah ('Abd al-Razzaq Razuqi) wrote to the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Loch), informing him that female slaves had been secretly bought in the area, to be shipped to Qatar and onwards to Saudi Arabia. The Residency Agent revoked the travel papers for the man, but this did not prevent him absconding by boat. The contents of the volume that were originally from subject file 5/200 (folios 67-77) are pages from a Mecca newspaper, Umm-al-Qura, published 2 October 1936, pronouncing the restrictions on the slave trade in Saudi Arabia. A typewritten English translation follows the Arabic newspaper sheets.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 77; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A series of short additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. The sequence includes six foliation anomalies, f 1a, f 34a, f 68a, f 68b, f 68c and f 68d.
106. 'File 5/191 IV Individual slavery cases'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to instances of slavery on the Trucial Coast. Of the eleven subjects contained in the volume, the first seven relate to the kidnapping and enslavement of individuals within the Trucial Coast and Oman area, frequently by tribes from the interior. Cases 8 to 11 involve slaves imported into the Trucial Coast and Oman region from the Baluchistan and Indian coast. These cases are similar to and in some instances linked to slavery cases in other Residency volumes, in particular IOR/R/15/1/222 and IOR/R/15/1/223.Subjects of note in the volume include the following:Subject 1: The kidnapping of a Muscat subject who was taken to Dubai, and the efforts of the Residency Agent at Sharjah (‘Īsá bin ‘Abd al-Latif), in correspondence with Shaikh of Dubai, to recover the man.Subject 2: A slave trading case on the Batinah coast, mid-1929. In a statement made by one of the recovered slaves, the kidnapper was identified. Bertram Thomas (Wazir to the Sultan of Muscat) wrote to confirm that he suspected the leader of the Yal Saad tribe (Shaikh Hilal) on the Batinah coast to be the suspect. However, Thomas advised against the arrest of Hilal, suggesting it would be 'fraught with serious political consequences', and could undermine the Sultan of Muscat's authority. This case is concurrent and directly associated with correspondence from Thomas found in file IOR/R/15/1/229. Notes at the front and end of subject 2's correspondence state that part of the correspondence was transferred to another file (IOR/R/15/1/229), although it appears to have been reinstated at a later date, before the file was bound.Subject 4: An incident in mid-1929 of the kidnapping and enslavement of some inhabitants of Sharjah, and their transfer to Abu Dhabi by Manasir Bedouins. The matter prompted a strongly worded response from the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Barrett) to the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi, demanding action to retrieve the slaves. Office notes written by the Residency Secretary detailed the relative weakness of the Trucial Coast shaikhs in relation to the Manasir tribe, which he described as being the 'irregular army' of Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd]. The Secretary added that the Residency Agent at Sharjah did not have any relations with the Manasir, and recommended a greater presence of the Resident or his Deputy in the area to 'tend to more cordial relations with all concerned.'Subject 7: A 1929 kidnap of two Muscat subjects taken to the Trucial Coast. Both individuals were recovered by the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi, under pressure from the Political Resident. However a ransom (or 'redemption' payment) of 160 rupees was made for one of the slaves. Correspondence followed over a two-year period, between the Political Resident, the Residency Agent at Sharjah, and the Muscat Government, relating to the question of liability for the reimbursement of the payment. The Political Residency was reluctant to approve or encourage reimbursement to the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi for the payment, insisting that the British Government cannot 'recognise any payments for slavery, and [therefore] cannot ask the Political Agent in this case to recover the money.'Subject 10: A case in 1933 of a man in Dubai who was suspected of having kidnapped his employer's son in Karachi six years earlier. The man was detained with the Residency Agent at Sharjah while correspondence between the Commissioner in Sind, Karachi, and the Political Resident, attempted to ascertain if the man was the suspect from Karachi. The man was finally sent to Karachi via Bahrain, where he was arrested and imprisoned pending trial. Office notes in the subject file link the case to that of a young Indian boy imported to the Trucial Coast in 1927 (IOR/R/15/1/223 – Subject 8: folios 87-205).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 338; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: each of the subjects into which the volume is divided has its own internal pagination system, expressed as page number xof subject number y. Subject 10 is out of sequence, having been bound into the volume after subject 11.
107. '17 File 592 I Runaway Sailors and Divers, Agreement with Trucial Chiefs for their Prevention'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials and the various chiefs of the Trucial Coast regarding arrangements concerned with runaway sailors and divers in the area.The file contains several letters and other documents in Arabic (with English translations) sent from the British Agent at Sharqah [Sharjah], Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed, to the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Edward Charles Ross.The file also contains original letters in Arabic (with some English translations) from the following regional rulers:Rashid bin Humaid Al Nuaimi, Chief of AjmanZayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, Chief of Abu DhabiHumayd bin Abdullah Al Qasimi, Chief of Ras Al KhaimahAhmad bin Abdullah Al Mu'alla, Chief of Umm Al QaiwainSalim bin Sultan Al Qasimi, Chief of SharjahHushr bin Maktoum, Chief of DubaiThe file contains an English translation of an agreement between the British and the chiefs of Sharjah, Ajman, Dubai, Umm Al Qaiwain, Abu Dhabi and Ras Al Khaimah signed in June 1879 (folios 117-118).Physical description: Condition: A bound volume.Foliation: The file's main foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A second mixed foliation/pagination sequence runs in parallel between ff 3-227; these numbers are written in either blue or red crayon, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio, along with sometimes the corresponding top left of the verso side.The file contains the following foliation errors: 81, and 81A; 113, and 113A; 179, and 179A and the following omissions: 142.
108. 'File 29/27 Vol. I Dhal for Bahrain & T.C.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence about the export of Indian pulses, mainly dhal, from Punjab and Sind by sea from Karachi, to Bahrain and the Trucial Coast shaikhdoms, during and after the Second World War (1939-1945), when essential food commodities were in short supply and subject to Government of India export prohibitions and import quota arrangements in the Persian Gulf shaikhdoms under British protection. The correspondence is mainly between the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Director of Customs and Port Officer, Bahrain (often acting in his dual capacity as Food Controller for the Government of Bahrain), and also between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire and Government of India officials in New Delhi. The file contains estimates compiled by the Persian Gulf authorities, regarding the annual requirements for local consumption of dhal in Bahrain and the Trucial Coast shaikhdoms, and communications from the Government of India about the annual import quotas fixed for Bahrain, the Trucial Coast, Kuwait and Muscat. Also included in the file are numerous lists providing details of the distribution of quarterly quota allotments (in tons) for the importation of dhal, among approved merchants in Bahrain, Dubai, Kuwait and Muscat, together with the names and addresses of their authorised exporters and shippers in Karachi. There are also wider discussions, including the reaction of the British Indian vegetarian Hindu community in Bahrain to bans on the export of Indian pulses in 1943 and 1946, due to food shortages in India. There is some merchants’ correspondence from Bahrain importers and Karachi exporters, complaining about such matters as Government of India delays in releasing consignments of Indian pulses for shipment to the Persian Gulf and being refused export permits.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates on the last enclosure at the back of the file with 207; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-195; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Physical condition: no back file cover.