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1. 'FAO Telegraph Station and Post Office' by Wilfrid Malleson
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This printed pen sketch shows the town of Fao in latter-day Iraq and was probably sketched from on board ship. A flagstaff to the left of the image probably denotes the location of the telegraph station and post office. Fao is described as ‘the Turkish town’ on p. 7 of the same volume; this is indicated by the ay-yıldız (star and crescent) indicated on the flag atop the flagstaff.Inscriptions:Printed, below image: ‘FAO Telegraph Station and Post Office’Physical description: Dimensions:130 x 193 mm; 129 x 195 mmCondition:The prints are in good condition with minor transfer from opposite printe page and surface dirt throughout. Some light foxing and creasing at edges.Foliation:‘23’
2. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 37. PART II. (From 16th to 31st August 1917).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 August 1917. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume and a summary of the contents can be found at IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3282. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military Operations dated 19 August 1917 (ff 53-55), 26 August 1917 (ff 162-164)One diary of information dated 28 July 1917 (ff 84-86) covering climate, floods, and the Christians of MesopotamiaReinforcements for Force DMovements of Turkish [Ottoman], Russian, and German troops and German officials, including General Erich von FalkenhaynReports from the Royal Flying Corps of machines in service and pilots availableProvision and movements of river craftProgress of railway constructions and future railway policy, including Turkish [Ottoman] railway constructionThe composition of the committee of enquiry into port congestion at Basrah [Basra]A scheme to stimulate cultivation by clearing the canals of the Euphrates area and providing advances of seed and cashInvestigation of postal arrangementsA fodder production scheme using local labourersA discussion of whether the French Consul at Basrah, Monsieur Roux, should be permitted to use a cipher and locked bag, and proceed beyond BasrahTrade between Basrah and BaghdadThe appointment of Sir Percy Cox as Civil Commissioner, MesopotamiaA proposal to terminate the agreement between HM Government and the Newspapers Proprietors’ Association employing Edmund Candler as Official EyewitnessA new Indian General HospitalThe appointment of R G Garrow as recognised irrigation expert for Mesopotamia.Proposed co-operation with the Russians.The following tables appear:Distribution of troops 29 July 1917 Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force (ff 8-12)Weekly return sick and wounded w/e 28 July 1917 (ff 23-24), 4 August 1917 (f 72)Ration strength of MEF 14 July 1917 (ff 26-29), 21 July 1917 (ff 102-105), 4 August (ff 136-138), 28 July 1917 (ff 181-184), 11 August (ff 199-201)State of supplies 18 August 1917 (ff 69-71 and 88-89), 25 August (ff 188-190 and 210-211)Distribution of the Turkish Army 21 August 1917 (ff 75-77), 28 August 1917 (ff 194-195)Strength return for IEF D 30 June 1917 (ff 118-135)Monthly distribution report of motor vehicles 1 July 1917 (ff 202-207).The file also contains a ‘Report on the conservancy of the Shatt-el-Arab [Shatt al-Arab] River from the Port of Basra to the Persian Gulf’ by Brigadier-General George Buchanan, Director of Port Administration and Conservancy, dated 22 March 1917, including nine maps of the Shatt-el-Arab River, the port of Basra, Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] bar, and the channel from Fao [Al-Faw] down the river.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 262; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Multiple additional mixed foliation/pagination sequences are also present in parallel; these numbers are printed.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
3. 'Memorandum by Mr Bertie on Questions with the Porte in the Persian Gulf, August 1892 to October 1893.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum, written by Francis Leveson Bertie of the Foreign Office, 15 October 1893, discusses questions relating to the Guttur or El-Katr [Qatar] following rumours that the Ottoman Government intended to separate England from the Sheikhs on the Arabian Coastline of the Persian Gulf that had signed treaty agreements with the British Government.The questions discussed include:the actions of Jasim bin Muhammad bin Thani, Kaïmakan (Shaikh of Qatar) in opposing the authority of the Vali of Bussorah [Basra];the Porte's (Government of the Ottoman Empire) desire to punish the Shaikh, and the British Resident in the Persian Gulf (Colonel Adelbert Cecil Talbot)'s desire to mediate between the two parties which the Porte objected too;attempts by the Vali of Bussorah to bring about a conflict with Shaikh Jasim and Colonel Talbot's recommendation that the El Katr Chief's be reinstated on an independent footing and the 1868 treaty be renewed.Also referred to in the memorandum are:A complaint made by the Porte of the intervention of British Consular authorities in matters concerning the inhabitants of Bahrein [Bahrain], and a reminder to the Porte that Bahrein was under British protection;Work undertaken by Ottoman Engineers to build three military guard posts at Fao [Al Fāw], which were considered to be a potential threat to British commerce on the Shat-el-Arab [Shaţţ al ‘Arab].Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 101, and terminates at folio 102, since it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in the top right-hand corner of the recto of each folio. These numbers are written in pencil, but are not circled.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. 'Note on the Turkish Fort at Fao on the Shat-el-Arab. (With Sketch Map of the Shat-el-Arab.) 1883 to 1897.'
- Description:
- Abstract: A memorandum of the events and correspondence relating to the Turkish construction of a fort at Fao on the Shat-el-Arab. The memorandum reproduces a number of representations made by the British Government both directly to the Turkish Porte and through the Persian Government, objecting to the construction of the fort on the grounds that it was said to contravene a Turco-Persian agreement of 1847. By June 1897 the fort is said to have fallen into decay and to be without guns, but the memorandum concludes that the British must resort to other means if construction of the fort is revived. The memorandum is written by Edmund Neel, Political and Secret Department, India Office, and provides a map at folio 19.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at folio 18 and terminates at folio 26, as it is part of a larger volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but one set is circled and crossed through, the other set is not circled.
5. 'File 2/5 V SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Ahmad Al-Jabir Al-Sabah, in southern Iraq. The correspondence concerns the Iraqi Ministry of Justice’s refusal to recognise the Power of Attorney presented to them by the Shaikh of Kuwait’s lawyer in Basra, Jacob Gabriel. It also concerns the following: the Shaikh of Kuwait's ownership of the gardens, the Tapu papers (land deeds) which prove his rights to the date gardens, smuggling, fellaheenriots at Faw, and tax payments. In the papers, the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs raised their concerns to the British Government that unless the Shaikh accepts the service of judicial documents emanating from the Iraqi Government all cases instituted against him would remain pending.In the volume, British Officials circulate full lists of the Shaikh’s garden properties in Iraq. They also discuss the Iraqi Government’s request for the Shaikh to appear at the Court in Iraq, and how this could compromise his position as an independent ruler.The volume also includes correspondence related to the ‘Ujairawiyeh Estate, which had been purchased by Shaikh Mubarak in 1912, and was registered in the name of his daughter Sharifa. The estate later became a shared property between the heirs. Such shared properties raised questions among British officials regarding the Arab custom of holding property in common.The volume’s core correspondence covers October 1934- April 1935. The earlier start date given to the volume is a result of correspondence by the Political Resident Trenchard Craven William Fowle (f 303), which is dated 30 August 1933. The correspondence is a drawing of a plan showing lands adjacent to Faw depot.The main correspondence in the volume is between the Political Resident, Bushire, the Political Agent, Kuwait, the British Ambassador, Baghdad, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iraq, the Ruler of Kuwait and his Basra lawyer Jacob Gabriel.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 311; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Two previous foliation sequences, one circled and one uncircled, have been superseded and therefore crossed out.
6. 'File 2/2 V Kuwait-Iraq Smuggling.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to Kuwait-Iraq smuggling. British officials suggested a mixed commission representing both the Shaikh of Kuwait and the Iraqi Government, and authorized the investigation all the frontier incidents by land and by sea that had occurred between the two states since April 1933.The Shaikh of Kuwait raised his complaints to the Political Agent, Kuwait, about Iraqi customs attacking Kuwaiti nationals, and about tribesmen accusing them of smuggling. In turn, the Political Agent, Kuwait, shared the Shaikh’s concerns with the Political Resident, Bushire, and other British officials. On the other hand, reports were also sent by the Iraqi Ministry for Foreign Affairs to the British Embassy regarding the Iraqi Government investigating the incidents.The volume also contains correspondence related to meetings held between Iraqi and Kuwaiti delegations in few places in Iraq and Kuwait in order to discuss the incidents issue, as well as records of a meeting held in London to consider establishing frontier committee to investigate the incidents.Among other correspondents in the volume are the Iraqi Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Ruler of Kuwait, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, London, and the Secretary of State for India, London.The volume core correspondence covers the period April 1936 to February 1937. The earlier start date given for the volume is a result of correspondence related to the investigations made by the Iraq Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the depositions of Kuwaiti nationals, these are dated December 1935, (ff 138-145).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 257; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-252; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
7. 'File 2/4 I TAXATION OF SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz'al al-Ka'bi, in southern Iraq. In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's intention to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ, and the Shaikh of Mohammerah by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in the First World War. The volume contains letters (ff 16-20), dated November 1914, from the British Resident and Consulate-General, Bushire, Persian Gulf, to both shaikhs in respect to this issue. The volume also contains correspondence between British officials discussing the British Government's obligations to Kuwait and how it should react to the Government of Iraq's plans.The Iraq Government had considered and continues to consider that the exemption from taxation is illegal. This issue was discussed in an extract of an article that appeared in Al-Iraqnewspaper and published in 1927, in which the writer gives the exact amount (12.000 Turkish gold liras per year, or 100.000 in the past 7 years) Iraq was losing annually as a result of the exemption from taxes granted to the two shaikhs.The British officials had direct correspondence with the Council of Ministers, Iraq. They conveyed the British Government’s approval to the Government of Iraq to open up direct negotiations with the Shaikhs of Kuwait and Mohammerah regarding their revenue exemptions. Correspondence between the High Commissioner, Baghdad, and the Government of Iraq were made as early as 1924 in regard to the issue. The correspondence between the British officials includes articles of the Anglo-Iraq Treaties as well as reports prepared by the Law Officer of the Crown, Downing Street (ff 116-123).The volume also contains correspondence between Sayid Hamid Bey Al-Naqib, Basra Deputy to the Ruler of Kuwait, and Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir conveying to him the procedures taking place in Iraq regarding his date gardens. Al-Naqib also paid visits to the Shaikh on behalf of the Government of Iraq. The volume also includes statements of the properties of both Shaikhs between the years 1914-1928.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 318; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 4-313; these numbers are also written in pencil but, where circled, are crossed through.
8. 'File 2/4 II TAXATION of SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz'al al-Ka'bi, in southern Iraq. In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's intention to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ, and the Shaikh of Mohammerah by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in the First World War.The correspondence is mainly between British officials discussing the possible solutions to the gardens taxation issue. Among the suggested solutions was the selling of the property. British officials report that the Shaikh of Kuwait is entirely flexible in regards to the selling of certain estates but not the ones in Al-Faw. But they also suggested that it would be rather useless for the Iraq Government to attempt to purchase the gardens as they belong to more than a hundred relatives of the Shaikh who depend on the produce for their maintenance.The volume includes statements of an estimated value of the Shaikh of Kuwait’s estates on Shatt al-Arab. It also contains economic reports on the proposed new basis of taxation on agricultural produce in Iraq, and copies of the Government of Iraq’s new laws for the collection of consumption ( Istihlak) tax and for the collection of land rent and water rent (ff 79-101). The correspondence also includes records of meetings held in London in regard to the question of the taxations as well as the new system of land revenue collections in Iraq.The main correspondence is between the British Resident, Bushire, the Political Agent, Kuwait, the High Commissioner, Baghdad, and the Colonial Office, Downing Street, London.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 222; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. One of these additional sequences has been crossed out.
9. 'File 2/4 III TAXATION OF SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz'al al-Ka'bi, in southern Iraq. A particular taxation system called Istihlak(consumption) tax has been imposed by the Iraqi Government on the produce of the gardens. British Officials discuss payment of export duty on garden produce from the Shaikh of Kuwait’s gardens in Iraq, and the allegations made by the Shaikh of Kuwait against the customs authorities at Faw.The British Ambassador in Baghdad reports that because of the enforcement of the new tax law, the Iraqi Government is no longer able to make exempt from taxes the Shaikh‘s gardens' produce that has been exported from Iraq for the personal use of the Shaikh.The volume includes a copy of minutes of a conference on the Shaikh’s date gardens held in Baghdad and minutes of an interdepartmental meeting held in London in regards to the gardens issue.The Political Agent, Kuwait, asks the Shaikh of Kuwait to provide full and detailed statements showing all payments and losses resulting from the imposition of Istihlak tax by the Iraqi Government. The Shaikh in turn provides six statements (ff 194-221):Statement I. Showing the amount levied as Istihlaktax from merchants purchasing and exporting dates in 1932.Statement II. Showing the amount levied as Istihlaktax from merchants purchasing and exporting dates in 1933.Statement III. Showing the amount levied from the Shaikh as Istihlaktax and under the heading 'Customs duties' on articles exported for the Shaikh’s private consumption.Statement IV. Showing the quantities of dates which the Shaikh was obliged to surrender from his own share to the fellaheen(peasants) working in his gardens under the Istihlaktax.Statement V. Showing the losses sustained by the Shaikh as a result of the disobedience of the fellaheendue to the introduction of the Istihlaktax.Statement VI. Showing the grand total of the above lists.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 227; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 6-222; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
10. 'File 2/5 II SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, in southern Iraq. In particular, the correspondence concerns the court suit raised in Basra Court by members of al-Zuhair family complaining against the Ruler of Kuwait. The suit in question concerns a portion of the Shaikh’s Faddaghiya estate on Shatt al-Arab, and the Bashiya land to which members of al-Zuhair family lays claim to. According to the reports, the Faddaghiya estate was owned by Aisha, wife of Ahmad Pasha Al-Zuhair. Ahmad Pasha sold the estate to Shaikh Mubarak of Kuwait although he did not hold a Power of Attorney from his wife at the time of the sale, in 1914.The Iraqi Government had requested via the British Embassy, Baghdad, for the Shaikh of Kuwait to submit to the Basra Court certain documents related to the case including a copy of Power of Attorney to prove the right of Ahmad Pasha Al-Zuhair to proceed with the selling.The volume includes a sketch map of the Faddaghiya estate with explanatory notes (ff 94-97). It also includes minutes of a meeting which was held at the Foreign Office in London to discuss issues related to the date gardens and the court suits. The correspondence contains reports that the fellaheenon the Faw estate have started refusing to pay rent and were committing acts of sabotage. The Shaikh in turn argued that the British Government’s procrastination had caused him further troubles. Among the correspondents in the volume are the Political Resident, Bushire, and the Political Agent, Kuwait.The volume’s core correspondence covers the years 1932 and 1933. The earlier start date given to the volume is a result of correspondence between Sir Henry Dobbs, Revenue Commissioner, Basra, and Abdul Aziz al-Salim Al-Badr, Agent of the Shaikh of Kuwait in Basra (ff 23-25), which is dated 14 June 1915. The correspondence includes the details of the Tapu dead registration granted to the Shaikh of Kuwait.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 208; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 6-203, and ff 139-203; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
11. 'File 2/5 III SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, in southern Iraq. In particular, the correspondence concerns the court suit raised in Basra Court by members of al-Zuhair family complaining against the Ruler of Kuwait. The suit in question concerns a portion of the Shaikh’s Faddaghiya estate on Shatt al-Arab, and the Bashiya land to which members of al-Zuhair family lays claim to. According to the reports, the Faddaghiya estate was owned by Aisha, wife of Ahmad Pasha Al-Zuhair, and she has given her husband a Power of Attorney to sell the land.In the volume, British officials discuss issues related to the land registration granted to the Shaikh by Sir Henry Dobbs, Revenue Commissioner, Basra, in 1915, and the importance of obtaining an original copy of the claimed Power of Attorney authorising the sale of the land by Ahmed Pasha al-Zuhair. British officials correspond with the Shaikh and his lawyer, Jacob Gabriel, asking them to prepare certain documents, including a list of the names of the legal living heirs of Ahmed Pasha al-Zuhair, an original Turkish copy of the Power of Attorney, and translated copies of the document both in Arabic and English.The volume includes notes of meetings held in Baghdad between British officials discussing the cases. It also includes copies of the four Tapu title deeds (ff 55-64) connected with the Shaikh of Kuwait’s Faddaghiya estate dispute, dated 1915. The volume also includes reports on agrarian troubles caused by the fellaheenon the Shaikh’s Faw estates.The main correspondence in the volume is between the Political Resident, Bushire, the Political Agent, Kuwait, British Ambassador, Baghdad, the India Office, London, the Foreign Office, London, the Ruler of Kuwait and Jacob Gabriel, the Shaikh’s Agent in Basra.The volume’s core correspondence covers June- October 1933. The earlier start date given to the volume is a result of correspondence by Jacob Gabriel (f 153), which is dated 20 November 1909. The correspondence includes a certificate from a school where he was a pupil. Jacob Gabriel provides testimonies and letters from previous places and people he worked with to prove his ability to take the Shaikh’s case on.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 207; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Three additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 6-202, ff 42-127, and ff 176-202; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
12. 'File 2/5 IV SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, in southern Iraq. In particular, the correspondence concerns the agrarian troubles in the Shaikh’s gardens caused by the tenants and the fellaheenworking there who were refusing to pay revenue to the Shaikh.In the volume, British officials discuss issues related to the land registration granted to the Shaikh by Sir Henry Dobbs, Revenue Commissioner, Basra, in 1915, and the importance of obtaining an original copy of the claimed Power of Attorney authorising the sale of the land by Ahmed Pasha al-Zuhair.British officials correspond with the Shaikh and his lawyer, Jacob Gabriel. The lawyer in turn reported to the Political Agent, Kuwait, and to the Shaikh of Kuwait, on a few issues, including: the troubles caused by the fellaheen, procedures at the court in Basra, the Iraqi Government’s involvement in the case and the Iraqi Limitation Law.The volume includes copy of legislations under the title "Fellah’s Rights and Duties" (ff 58-68) issued by the King of Iraq and published in Al-Waqa’i‘ Al-Iraqiyyanewspaper. It also includes notes of a meeting (ff 101-114) held at the Foreign Office, on February 1934, between British officials discussing the date gardens case.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 245; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 7-240; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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