Abstract: The map sheet is one of four maps numbered 1 to 4 included in IOR/L/PS/20/C204. In the body of the report it is entitled ‘General Map of Iraq’.In addition to Iraq the map shows Kuwait, eastern Persia [Iran], and the border areas of Turkey, Syria, and modern-day Saudi Arabia.The map portrays: the routes of rivers; the southern coast of the Caspian Sea; notable settlements; and railway routes.Imprint ‘War Office, May, 1926’.Physical description: Materials: printed on paperDimensions: 670 x 585mm, on sheet 710 x 660mm
Abstract: The memorandum, prepared by John W Field of the Foreign Office and dated 29 March 1922, is an historical overview of relations between the British Government and the Shaikh of Kuwait during the period 1897 to 1921. The first paragraph of the memorandum suggests that it was compiled in response to a ‘question that has arisen as to the position of foreigners in Koweit [Kuwait]’.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
Abstract: This secret memorandum, printed by the Foreign Office, contains a record of a meeting held at the Foreign Office on 5 October 1933 to discuss relations between Great Britain and the Sheikh of Koweit [Kuwait], Aḥmad bin Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, particularly in regards to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Āl Sa‘ūd]. The following were present at the meeting: Mr George William Rendel (Chair), Eastern Department of the Foreign Office; Mr K R Johnston, Foreign Office; Sir Andrew Ryan, His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Mr John Gilbert Laithwaite, India Office.The memorandum also includes three appendices:'Appendix A. Note by Sir Andrew Ryan. Ibn Saud's attitude towards Kowait', dated 16 August 1933 (folios 3v-4r);'Appendix B. Provisional Note. Obligations of His Majesty's Government towards the Sheikh of Koweit', 11 October 1933, by Sir John Gilbert Laithwaite (folios 4-6), which includes sections entitled 'A. Nature of the undertakings given', 'B. Constitution of the undertakings given to the Sheikh', and 'Conclusion', with references to various correspondence in the right hand margin;'Appendix C. Supplementary Note. Question of Liability for the Protection of Koweit against Aggression from Outside. 1928-1929', by Sir John Gilbert Laithwaite, dated 6 February, 1934 (folio 6).There are also a number of enclosures which include correspondence between folios 6 and 10.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: Distinctive Features:Relief shown by contours.Map of Kuwait with borders indicated by dash-dot line. Coloured for reference with coast line marked in blue and shoals area stippled, place names in Arabic added in hand.Physical description: Dimensions:312 x 397 mm, on sheet 321 x 405 mm
Abstract: Plan depicting the anchorage off the coast of Kuwait. The plan depicts hydrology, settlements, and roads. Soundings are given in fathoms.Includes the following printing statement: 'Produced under the Superintendence of Rear-Admiral J.A. Edgell, C.B., O.B.E., Hydrographer.' Prepared by naval staff in the Admiralty's Naval Intelligence Division.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paper.Dimensions: 358 x 544mm, on sheet 442 x 601mm.
Abstract: Memorandum, written by Colin George Campbell, 31 December 1900, about Koweit [Kuwait], including a brief historical introduction and detailed information for the years 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, and 1900. Topics discussed include Mubarak al-Sabah [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] having murdered his father (Muḥammad I Al Ṣabāḥ) and claimed his position as Shaikh of Kuwait; the involvement of Kuwaiti subjects in piratical acts; a request by the Shaikh in 1897 for Koweit to be placed under British protection in a similar manner to Bahrein [Bahrain]; Turkish claims to Koweit; the decision in 1899 to obtain an agreement with the Shaikh of Kuwait not to 'cede, lease, mortgage or otherwise alienate or give for occupation any portion of his territories to the Government or subjects of any other Power without previously obtaining the consent of Her Majesty's Government'; Russian interest in Koweit and Turkish movements in relation to it in1899, including attempts to appoint Turkish citizens to posts there; German interest in establishing a railway link to Bagdad [Baghdad] which would include Busrah [Basra] and Koweit; Shaikh Mubarak's relations with Sheikh Abdur Rahman bin Faisal [ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Fayṣal Āl Saʻūd] and Koweiti involvement in the affairs of Nejd [Najd]; and the strengthening of Shaikh Mubarak's position with Turkey and the Porte since the appointment of Mohsin Pasha as Vali at Busreh.The margins of the memorandum contain cross-references to official correspondence with the Government of India and Foreign Office.An appendix to the memorandum, on folio 6, contains:Translation of Arabic bond, signed by Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and Mubarak Al-Sabah, Shaikh of Kuwait, 23 January 1899Translation of Arabic letter, 23 January 1899, from Lieutenant-Colonel Malcolm John Meade, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Sheikh Mubarak-bin-Sabah, Sheikh of Kuwait regarding the signing of the agreement as given in the Arabic bond.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence consists of pencil numbers, enclosed in a circle, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. The sequence begins on the first folio, with number 1, and ends on the last folio, with number 6.
Abstract: Intelligence report on Kuwait, compiled for the Intelligence Branch of the Quarter Master General’s Department by Captain Henry Harris Hewitt Dowding of the Essex Regiment, and printed at the Government Central Printing Office in Simla, 1903.The contents of the volume are as follows:Introductory remarks;Harbour, anchorages;History of Kuwait (of the Wahabis, the Ibn Rashid family, the war between Nejd and Kuwait);Political (relations between Kuwait and Great Britain, the situation in 1901-02, foreign relations with Russia, Germany, Turkey, events during 1902);Military forces, including their strength, arms and equipment, organisation, standard of efficiency and tactics;Towns: Kuwait, its population and defences; Jehara [Al-Jahrah], its importance, population and defences;Administration, government, free trade, currency;Resources, commercial, not agricultural;Climate;CommunicationsFour appendices follow the main text: A. routes; B. the Wahabi family; C. the Ibn Rashid family; D. the Shaikhs of Kuwait. The volume also contains three illustrations: the foreshore at Kuwait (folio 3); Mobarek-bin-Subah [Mubarak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] and his youngest son Naser (folio 9); the Shaikh’s residence in Kuwait (folio 17). The volume also contains three maps: a map of Kuwait and the surrounding country (folio 30); a map of Kuwait harbour (folio 31); and a rough diagram of Jehara (folio 32).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
Abstract: Two copies of a report, marked as secret, on Koweit [Kuwait]. The report was compiled in the Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General's Department, by Captain H H Dowding, The Essex Regiment. It was printed at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla, 1903.The report contains information on the geography, history, politics, military strength, administration, resources, climate, and communications of Kuwait. It includes appendices on routes and prominent families in the region.The volume also contains a number of photographs and maps:A photograph of the foreshore of Kuwait (folio 3)A photograph of Mobarek-Bin-Subah [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ], Shaikh of Kuwait, and his youngest son Naser (folio 9)A photograph of the residence of the Shaikh of Kuwait (folio 17)A rough diagram of the village of Jehara (folio 31)A map of Kuwait Harbour (folio 32)A map of Kuwait and surrounding country (folio 33).At the rear of the volume is an index, arranged alphabetically and with reference to the original pagination (folios 26-28).Folio references given are for the first of the two copies. The second, identical copy runs from folio 34 to 66.Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of volume one (ff 1-33) and terminates at the inside back cover of volume two (ff 34-66); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: Richmond Thackeray Willoughby Ritchie,
British Interests on the Coast of Arabia, Koweit, Bahrein, and El Katr(Government of India, 1905).This document consists of an analysis of British interests on the coast of Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. It was written by Richmond Thackeray Willoughby Ritchie and published in 1905. It is composed of four sections dealing with the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar.Arabian coast. This cites a letter, 5th January 1903, from the Government of India to the Naval Commander-in-Chief, noting it gives a concise overview of 'the political geography of the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf': the claims to rule by the Ottomans, Trucial Chiefs and the Sultan of Muscat. It then reviews key treaties with the Sheikhs of Kuwait (23rd January, 1899) , Bahrain, Trucial Chiefs, the 1891 treaty with Muscat, and the agreements with Shaikhs down the coast to Aden.Kuwait. This section discusses two issues with the Turks at Kuwait. Firstly, the status of the British Political Agent, Major Stuart George Knox and his instructions concerning the conflicts and dynamics between Ibn Saud, Ibn Rashid and the Turks. The second issue concerns rights over Bubian Island.Bahrain. This section discusses British non-recognition of Turkish authority in Bahrain and measures to assert British authority there, referring to reports by Sir Nicholas Roderick O'Conor.Qatar. This section discusses Turkish influence in Qatar and the reasons why the conclusions of a treaty with the the ruling Al Thani shaikh by the Government of India would be desirable.Physical description: The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio, on number 1, and ends on the last folio, on number 2.
Abstract: The volume is
Treaties and Agreements between the British Government and Certain Arab Rulers and Agreements between the Said Rulers inter se Affecting the British Government(Calcutta: Government of India Press, 1926). The volume contains transcripts of treaties and agreements dated 1915 to 1925 relating to Najd, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Trans-Jordan, and Kaf.The texts of some of the treaties and agreements appear in both English and Arabic in vertical parallel columns.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 25 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. An original printed pagination sequence is also present in the volume. The following folio folds out: f. 15.
Abstract: The file deals with political relations between the King of Hejaz and Najd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] (commonly referred to in the papers as Bin Saud or Ibn Saud) and the states of Iraq and Kuwait, particularly in terms of raids by Akhwan [Ikhwān] tribes from Najd, and Bin Saud's efforts to control the Akhwan.The correspondence is mainly between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain (Major Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett); the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel James Carmichale More), and the Secretariat of the High Commissioner for Iraq, Baghdad. There is also correspondence between British officials and Bin Saud. Enclosures to correspondence from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf include copies of correspondence with the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Secretariat of the High Commissioner, Iraq; the Colonial Office, London; the Government of India; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; and other British officials in the region; enclosures to correspondence from the Political Agent, Kuwait include correspondence with the Secretariat of the High Commissioner for Iraq, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; enclosures to correspondence from the Secretariat of the High Commissioner, Iraq, include reports from Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector, Southern Desert.The papers cover: diplomatic contact between the British and Bin Saud; list prepared by Political Agent, Bahrain of estimated Nejd [Najd] population likely to obey a summons from Bin Saud, 8 April 1928 (folios 18-19); action by Bin Saud against the Akhwan; raids by Akhwan tibes, especially Mutair and Ajman; involvement of Hafiz Wahab [Shaikh Hāfiẓ Wahbah]; Iraqi frontier posts; reports of intended raids; movements of desert tribes; defensive measures; movements of British naval forces; references to Dawish [Fayṣal al-Dawīsh]; Bin Saud's negotiations with leaders of Akhwan, 6 May 1928; report by Political Agent, Bahrain on economic and political implications of blockade of Hasa [al-Aḥsā’] ports, 28 November 1928 (folios 118-123), and further, December 1928; attempts by British to preserve frontier peace (e.g. folios 132-135); reports by Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector, Southern Desert, November 1928, March 1929; reports of Riyadh Conference, December 1928; reference to 'jihad', 24 January 1929 (folio 181); United States (US) missionaries caught up in raids, January 1929 (folios 184-186); reported successes of Bin Saud against Akhwan, April 1929; report by Political Agent, Kuwait on attitude of Shaikh of Kuwait [Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ] to Ikhwan raids, 29 March 1929 (folios 291-300); discussion of need to assist Shaikh of Kuwait to expel refugees defeated by Bin Saud from Nejd, May 1929; Iraq to refuse asylum to Akhwan rebels, May 1929 (folio 332).The Arabic language content of the file consists of approximately twenty-five folios, with translations in English, mainly copies of correspondence between the Political Agency, Bahrain and Bin Saud.The date range indicates the covering dates of the main run of correspondence. However, the earliest document in the file is a copy of an enclosure dated 27 March 1928 on folio 9.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 349; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 7-348; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
Abstract: The file deals with revolts against the King of Hejaz and Najd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] (commonly referred to in the papers as Bin Saud or Ibn Saud) by Akhwan [Ikhwān] tribes in Najd (also referred to as Nejd).The file consists of a small amount of direct correspondence between the Political Agent, Bahrain (and Indian Assistant, Bahrain) and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; but the majority of the correspondence is between the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel James Carmichale More); the Political Resident; the High Commissioner for Iraq; the Government of India; the British Agent, Jeddah; the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office; and other British officials in the region, copies of which were sent to the Political Agent, Bahrain for information. There is also some correspondence with Bin Saud.The file covers: operations of Bin Saud against rebel tribes, particularly Ajman and Mutair; activities of individual Akhwan leaders, especially Faisal al Dawish [Fayṣal al-Dawīsh]; cross-frontier movements of tribes; effect of operations on neighbouring states, particularly Kuwait; attitude of the Shaikh of Kuwait [Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ], including suggestion of 'leakage' of supplies from Kuwait to the rebels (folio 70); consideration of British military action against rebels in Najd (e.g. folio 57); the position of the Awazim tribe; and accounts of Bin Saud's successes against the rebels, September - October 1929.The Arabic language content of the file consists of ten folios of correspondence between Bin Saud and British officials.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 185; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional incomplete foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 66-184; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.