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97. Arabia
- Description:
- Abstract: This map of 1616, with Latin place names, is a reprint of a work by Jodocus Hondius (1563-1612), a Flemish cartographer and engraver who settled in Amsterdam in about 1593 and established a business that produced globes and the first large maps of the world. The place names on the map are unclear. “Coromanis” is shown on many older maps as located in present-day Kuwait, but here is shown as lying beyond “Catiffa,” or Al Qatif. “Luna,” on the coastal belt of the Arabian Gulf, could be Ras Tanurah, located near “Carmonis.” (Some historians believe that “Carmon” or “Carmonis” is derived from the Arabic name, Khor Omani, which various maps show at different points on the coast of the Arabian Gulf.) This place also could be “Cor Bobian,” or the Arabic Khor Bobian. A town with the strange name of “Baba” is shown adjacent to a river placed on the territory of the present-day United Arab Emirates. Beyond Julfar is “Cassape,” a name that is not understood by modern scholars. Qatar and Bahrain are ambiguously represented on this map, and difficult to identify.Physical description: 1 map; black and white; 8.50 x 12.10 centimeters
98. Arabia
- Description:
- Abstract: John Tallis and Company was a British mapmaking and publishing firm, founded by John Tallis (1817–76), which was active in London circa 1835−60. Tallis maps were known for their accurate information with numerous place-names and geographical details, as well as for the use of shaded areas to indicate topographical features. They are identifiable by the scrolling on the borders and the finely-drawn scenes inscribed on the margins of the maps, which John Tallis and his illustrators derived from travelogues and other written sources. John Rapkin (1815−76) was the principal engraver for the firm, who drew and engraved most Tallis maps. This map of Arabia by Rapkin shows physical features, towns and villages, and caravan routes across the desert, many leading to the holy city of Mecca. The geographic extent of the region defined as Arabia is marked with a red line, and includes not only the Arabian Peninsula but parts of present-day Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Illustrations in the four corners of the map show a camel beneath a palm tree, Arab women carrying water jars, Mount Sinai, and two Arab men, one on horseback and another on foot. The illustrations were drawn by H. Warren and engraved by John Rogers, who produced numerous steel engravings for Tallis.Physical description: 1 map ; 26x 32 centimeters
99. Arabia, the Red Sea and Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: This map of the Arabian Peninsula shows international borders, caravan routes, and important cities and towns. British possessions, including the port of Aden and the island of Socotra (ʻAdan and Suquṭrā, both part of present-day Yemen), are indicated by the pink coloring. The old Qatari cities of El Bedaa and Zabara (present-day Al Bida and Al Zabara) are shown. The map appeared as plate 48 in The Imperial Atlas of Modern Geography, published by the Glasgow firm of Blackie & Son in 1859 and reissued in 1860. Founded in 1809 by the Scot John Blackie (1782−1874), by the mid-19th century this firm was an important publisher of illustrated reference works, including The Imperial Gazetteer (1855), The Imperial Atlas of Modern Geography, and The Imperial Bible Dictionary (1866). The map was drawn and engraved by Edward Weller (1819−84), a London-based cartographer and engraver who was the unofficial geographer of the Royal Geographical Society in London. The atlas was compiled under the direction of Walter Graham Blackie (1816−1906), the youngest son of John Blackie.Physical description: 1 map : hand colored ; 33 x 49 centimeters
100. Coll 54/1(S) 'Middle East (Official) Committee: Reconstruction'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to the Middle East (Official) Committee. It consists of: papers circulated to members of the Committee, received by the External Department of the Commonwealth Relations Office (CRO); a few items of CRO correspondence with the Foreign Office, the Cabinet Office, and Commonwealth governments; and a register of papers received or sent by the CRO relating to the Committee, with internal CRO correspondence (at the back of the file).The file includes agendas for meetings of the Committee, and minutes of the meetings on 28 April, 5 May, 5 July and 19 July 1949. Matters discussed and recorded in the minutes include: the reconstitution of the Committee; the re-settlement of Arab refugees from Palestine; the report on Economic and Social Development in the Middle East by the Working Party of the Committee; the future work of the Committee; the Conference of HM Representatives in the Middle East to be held in London from 26 to 29 July 1949; United States President Truman’s ‘Fourth Point’ (Truman’s message of 24 June 1949 to the United States House of Representatives, communicating a ‘Recommendation for the Enactment of Legislation to Authorise an Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance for Underdeveloped Areas of the World’); and further studies of the Working Party.The file also includes the following papers prepared by (or approved by) the Working Party of the Committee: draft, revised and interim versions of the report on Economic and Social Development in the Middle East; papers relating to the economic and social development of Iraq, Syria, Greater Transjordan, Egypt, the Lebannon, Saudi Arabia, Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, Eritrea and Somalia, and the Colony of Aden and the Aden Protectorate; and a paper on Middle East oil.In addition, the file includes other papers relating to matters discussed at the meetings, and the following subjects: Transjordan; irrigation development in Iraq; Persia’s [Iran’s] Seven Year Plan for development; informal conversations on social and economic affairs in the Middle East between representatives of the Foreign Office, the Treasury, the British Embassy in Washington, and the United States State Department; the work of the Development Division of British Middle East Office; a survey of the oil resources of the Middle East; and economic development in Cyprus in relation to the Middle East.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 468; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
101. Coll 6/11 'Hejaz-Nejd Affairs: Economic Development in the Hejaz'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file mostly consists of copies of Foreign Office correspondence, which have been forwarded by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to the Under-Secretary of State for India. The correspondence, most of which is between Foreign Office officials and either the British Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan, succeeded by Sir Reader William Bullard) or His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires at Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill, Albert Spencer Calvert, and Alan Charles Trott), relates to the economic development of the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). Other correspondents include the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle) and officials of the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.The opinion expressed by British correspondents near the beginning of the file is that the unsatisfactory state of the country's finances is a result of its complete dependence on the pilgrimage for income. Much of the file is concerned with various projects (such as water and mineral surveys) sanctioned by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] in order to explore other sources of revenue.Items of discussion include the following:News that Ibn Saud intends to establish a power station for the purpose of providing Mecca and Jedda with electricity.Ibn Saud's wish to establish a state bank, preferably a British bank, to improve the financial situation in the country.Four reports on the country's water and mineral resources, produced by American engineer and geologist Karl Saben Twitchell in 1932 (copies of three of the four reports are included).The British Minister at Jedda's thoughts on how the economic unification of the newly-formed Saudi Arabia will progress.Proposed improvements to Jedda's water supply.The establishment of an 'Arabian Steam Navigation Company' by the Saudi Government.Details of the Saudi Arabian Mining Syndicate's concession with the Saudi Government for the exploitation of gold and other minerals, which was negotiated by Twitchell, signed in December 1934, and ratified by Ibn Saud in February 1935.Reports of anti-Ibn Saud propaganda in the Indian Muslim press.Details of the Saudi Arabian Mining Syndicate's activities in Saudi Arabia.The history of the Ahrar movement in India, its political party, Majlis-i-Ahrar-i-Islam, and its reported condemnation of the recent Saudi mining concession.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 251; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-251; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
102. Coll 30/127 'Persian Gulf. Koweit. Relations between Ibn Saud and the Sheikh of Kuwait'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials, primarily at the Political Residency and the Political Agency in Kuwait, concerning relations between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.The correspondence in the file focuses on a visit made to Kuwait by the King of Saudi Arabia, 'Abd al'-Aziz bin 'Abd al-Rahman bin Faysal Al Sa'ud (referred to as Ibn Saud in the file), in 1935 and a reciprocal visit to Saudi Arabia made by the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, in 1939. A detailed account of Ibn Saud's visit to Kuwait is contained between folios 35 and 42.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 83; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
103. Coll 17/35 ‘Iraq. Iraq – Saudi Relations. Demarcation of Frontier.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers mainly relating to the proposed demarcation of the frontier between Iraq and Saudi Arabia, including the issue of the western termination point of the Saudi-Iraq frontier, at the meeting-point of Saudi, Iraqi and Transjordan territory.The papers largely consist of correspondence between the following:HM Ambassador to Iraq (Maurice Peterson, Sir Basil Newton) and the Foreign Office (including the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs: Viscount Halifax, Edward Frederick Lindley Wood).The Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia and the Foreign Minister of Iraq.The India Office and the Foreign Office.The file also includes a Foreign Office memorandum entitled ‘The Frontiers between Transjordan and Nejd and Transjordan and the Hejaz’, which includes a map (see IOR/L/PS/12/2897, f 29).The file includes a divider, which gives lists of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 56; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-55; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
104. Coll 54/2 'Middle East (Official) Committee: Working Party'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to the Working Party of the Middle East (Official) Committee. It mainly consists of Working Party papers received by the Commonwealth Relations Office, and a register of these papers with notes at the back of the file.The file includes agendas for meetings of the Working Party. It also includes papers circulated to members of the Working Party for consideration at meetings, relating to the following subjects: economic and social development in the Middle East in general; the Iraq Central Development Board; the question of an International Bank Loan for Iraq; a visit to Bahrain in January/February 1949 by Matthew Thomas Audsley; the Persian [Iranian] Seven-Year Plan; employment of British experts in the Middle East; a survey of the oil resources of the Middle East; and economic factors in Middle East development.In addition, the file includes papers relating to economic and social development of the following places: Iraq; Greater Transjordan; Saudi Arabia; Cyrenaica, Tripolitania [Libya], Eritrea, and Somalia; the Colony of Aden and the Aden Protectorate; the Lebannon; Ethiopia; Sudan; and Yemen.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 320; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
105. Coll 30/21(2) 'Persian Gulf: Koweit - Blockade by Ibn Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence related to a trade blockade that was imposed on Kuwait by the Ruler of Saudi Arabia, Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and more generally concerning relations between Britain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.The correspondence in the volume consists of internal correspondence between British officials (including at the Foreign Office, India Office, the British Legation in Jeddah and the Political Agency in Kuwait) as well as correspondence between British officials and the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah and officials from the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The file also contains English language translations of letters that were passed between the Kuwaiti and Saudi Arabian delegations at negotiations mediated by Britain in June 1935.In addition to correspondence, the file contains the following:Treaty of Friendship and "Bon Voisinage", Protocol of Arbitration and Extradition Treaty between Iraq & Hejaz and Nejd and Dependencies (folios 49-52)'Draft Regulations For Trading Between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia' (folios 161-165)Account of Discussions at Riyadh by Andrew Ryan, 1935 (folios 232-237)Political Department Secret Memorandum entitled 'The Persian Gulf' (folios 292-293)'Notes on Kuwait-Saudi Blockade Discussions' (folios 358-363)'Note on the discussions between the Saudi delegates and the Kuwait Representatives, as They Took Place Each Day', June 1935 (folios 371-377)'Note on the Discussions between Saudi Delegates and Kuwait Representatives' (folios 380-390)'Record of Fourth Meeting with Fuad Bey Hamza at the Foreign Office on July 5, 1935' (folios 399-401)The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 497; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
106. Coll 30/21(3) 'Persian Gulf: Kuwait-Saudi Relations: Blockade by Ibn Saud. Smuggling: Bon Voisinage and Extradition Agreements'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials concerning a number of proposed agreements between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait that were intended to formalise relations between the two countries and to end a trade blockade that had been imposed on Kuwait by Saudi Arabia. Much of the correspondence concerns the exact wording of these agreements and numerous amendments that were made to them.The majority of the correspondence in the file is between British officials (including at the Foreign Office, India Office, the British Legation in Jeddah and the Political Agency in Kuwait), but it also contains a limited amount of correspondence with Saudi Arabia's Minister in London, Shaikh Hafiz Wahba, and the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, on whose behalf the British acted during the negotiations with Saudi Arabia that led to the agreements.In addition to correspondence, the file contains several drafts of the proposed agreements between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, including a trade agreement, an agreement of 'Friendship and Bon Voisinage' and an agreement for the extradition of offenders. On folios 316-346, the file contains bilingual (English and Arabic) drafts of these agreements.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 514; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
107. Coll 30/21(4) 'Persian Gulf: Koweit-Saudi relations. Trade, Bon Voisinage and Extradition Agreements. Desire of Ibn Saud to Establish Customs Post at Wafra'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials concerning a number of agreements agreed between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in 1942 (and ratified in 1943).The agreements were intended to formalise relations between the two countries and to end a trade blockade that had been imposed on Kuwait by Saudi Arabia. Much of the correspondence concerns the exact wording of these agreements and numerous amendments that were made to them. The correspondence also briefly discusses the desire of the Ruler of Saudi Arabia, Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] to establish a customs post in Wafra.The majority of the correspondence in the file is between British officials (including at the Foreign Office, India Office, the British Legation in Jeddah and the Political Agency in Kuwait), but it also contains a limited amount of correspondence the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, on whose behalf the British acted during the negotiations with Saudi Arabia that led to the agreements being signed.In addition to correspondence, the file contains several copies of the proposed agreements between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as follows:'Trade Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom (acting on behalf of His Highness the Sheikh of Koweit) and the Government of Saudi Arabia Jedda, 20th April, 1942 [Ratifications exchanged at Jedda, 1st May, 1943]' in English and Arabic (folios 3-6)'Agreement for the Extradition of Offenders between the Government of the United Kingdom (acting on behalf ofHis Highness the Sheikh of Koweit) and the Government of Saudi Arabia [With Exchange of Notes relating to Smuggling Offences] Jedda, 20th April, 1942 [Ratifications exchanged at Jedda, 1st May, 1943]' in English and Arabic (folios 7-11)'Agreement for the Extradition of Offenders between the Government of the United Kingdom (acting on behalf ofHis Highness the Sheikh of Koweit) and the Government of Saudi Arabia [With Exchange of Notes relating to Smuggling Offences] Jedda, 20th April, 1942' (folios 16-17)'Trade Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom (acting on behalf of His Highness the Sheikh of Koweit) and the Government of Saudi Arabia Jedda, 20th April, 1942' (folios 18-19)'Agreement for Friendship and Neighbourly Relations between the Government of the United Kingdom (acting on behalf of His Highness the Sheikh of Koweit) and the Government of Saudi Arabia [With Schedule and Exchange of Notes containing Lists of Tribes], Jedda, April 20, 1942' (folios 20-21).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 85; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
108. Coll 5/23 ‘Alleged violation of the Saudi Arabian frontier by British aircraft’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to incidents involving British aircraft in, or in the vicinity of, Saudi Arabia – Hejaz and Nejd prior to 1932; the incidents predominantly take the form of forced landings by aircraft of either the Royal Air Force (RAF) or of Imperial Airways. The correspondence generally includes reports on the incident, and covers measures taken to render assistance, the submission of apologies to the Government of Saudi Arabia, and occasionally the issue of rewards for assistance given. It also includes the details of an expenses claim made by the Government of Saudi Arabia in January 1935 for assistance rendered in the search for three lost Indian pilots of the Bombay Flying Club in October 1934: see folios 70-86. It further includes some discussion relating to regulating private flights over Iraq in response to this incident, the results being the issue of new regulations which can be found on folios 47-48.The main correspondents are as follows: HM Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan, later Sir Reader William Bullard), HM Chargé d'Affaires at Jedda, HM Ambassador to Iraq (Sir Francis Humphrys), officials of the Air Ministry, and officials of the Foreign Office. There is also correspondence with officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Saudi Arabia. Most of the correspondence in the file does not directly involve the India Office; correspondence in the file has frequently been forwarded to the Under-Secretary of State for India by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 277; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.