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25. 'File 29/7 H.M.G's Policy in Yemen'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a copy of a telegram sent from the Foreign Office in London to a number of British embassies and residencies globally on 13 April 1948. The telegram concerns the proposed recognition of Seif el-Islam Ahmed as the King of Yemen.The file also contains a covering letter that forwarded the copy from the Persian Gulf Political Resident in Bahrain to the Political Agents in Bahrain, Kuwait and Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
26. 'File 61/11 IV (D 77) Hejaz-Nejd, Miscellaneous'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters, telegrams, and memoranda relating to Hejaz affairs. Most of the correspondence is between the British Legation in Jeddah, the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, the Foreign and Colonial Offices in London, and the Government of India.The majority of the volume concerns the internal affairs of the Kingdom of Hejaz-Najd and its Dependencies, especially the financial difficulties it was experiencing at the time and attempts to counter them.Other subjects covered are:the prospect of the Kingdom joining the League of Nations;the appointment of a Minister in London;al-Qusaibi's proposed visit to London;the different uses of the title "Sheikh";American recognition of Ibn Sa'ud as King;the mineral prospecting of the American millionaire Mr C. R. Crane;American appraisal of the water situation in the region;the religious policing activities of the Committee of Virtue in the Hejaz;the arrest of two members of the royal family between Kuwait and Zubair;the territorial dispute between Ibn Sa'ud and Yemen;relations between Ibn Sa'ud and Italy.A notable document within the volume is a confidential report on the heads of all foreign missions in Jeddah (folios 163-164).At the back of the volume (folios 165-170) are office file notes.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first page with ff 1A-1D and then continues from f 2 to the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, circled and located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The are the following anomalies: f 38A; f 91A; f 108A; f 128A; f 146A; there is no f 119.There are two more sequences that are inconsistent and incomplete.
27. 'File 61/11 V (D 95) Hejaz - Nejd, Miscellaneous'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and memoranda relating to the Hejaz and Najd. Much of the correspondence is from the British Legation in Jeddah, with regular reports on the situation in that region sent to Sir John Simon, the Foreign Secretary in London. The rest of the correspondence is mostly between the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agencies in Kuwait, Bahrain, and Muscat, the Colonial Office, and the Government of India.The main subjects of the volume are:the change in name from 'The Kingdom of the Hejaz-Nejd and its Dependencies' to 'The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia';the announcement of Ibn Sa'ud's eldest son, Prince Sa'ud, as the heir apparent to the throne;the territorial dispute between Yemen and Saudi Arabia after the latter's absorption of the 'Asir region into its kingdom.A copy of the 23 September 1932 issue of the newspaper Umm al-Qurais contained in the volume (folios 57-58). It features the Royal Order proclaiming the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Other miscellaneous subjects covered in the volume include:relations between Italy and Saudi Arabia;a dispute between Ibn Sa'ud and his agent in Bahrain, al-Quasaibi [‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Qusaibi], over a debt the former owes the latter;a revolt against Ibn Sa'ud by tribes loyal to ex-King Hussein coming from Sinai;a request for a loan made by Ibn Sa'ud to the British Government;relations between the Soviet Union and Saudi Arabia;relations between the USA and Saudi Arabia, including the visit of a Mr Gallant looking for oil concessions;concessions for the building of the railway between Mecca and Jeddah;the prospect of Saudi Arabia joining the League of Nations;the case of two slave girls seeking refuge at the British Legation in Jeddah.Other documents of note contained in the volume are:a copy of a new customs tariff for Saudi Arabia (folios 122-134)a 'Who's Who' of Saudi Arabia, produced by the British Legation in Jeddah and covering all those deemed important to know by the British (folios 183-200);an envelope containing the torn-out pages of an article in the International Affairsjournal (Vol. 12, No. 4, Jul., 1933, pp 518-534) entitled 'Ibn Sa'ud and the Future of Arabia.'At the back of the volume (folios 245-251) are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio and continues to the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, circled and located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Note that following f 1 are folios 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D. The sequence then continues as normal from folio 2. There are two other foliation systems present but both are inconsistent and neither are circled.
28. 'File 61/11 VI (D 102) Hejaz-Nejd Miscellaneous'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains two original files bound together. The first file (folios 1A-207) has the original reference 61/11 VI (D 102) and covers the period 7 November 1933 to 30 August 1934 and relates to Hejaz-Najd affairs. The second file (folios 208-243) has the original reference 61/6 VII (D 95) and covers the period 2 February 1931 to 5 August 1932 and relates to Najd affairs. Both contain letters, telegrams, memoranda, and reports sent between the British Legation in Jeddah, the Foreign Office in London, the Political Residencies in Bushire and Aden, the Political Agencies in Bahrain, Kuwait, and Muscat, the High Commissioner in Trans-Jordan, the High Commissioner in Baghdad (later the British Embassy following Iraqi independence in 1932), the Colonial Office in London, the Government of India, and Ibn Sa'ud.The main subject of the first file is the territorial dispute between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Contained in the volume are papers concerning Saudi Arabian advances into the territories of 'Asir and Yemen and the subsequent Treaty of Taif that largely settled the dispute. There is also coverage of diplomatic conversations between Italy and Britain regarding the dispute, including secret talks in Rome. Included is the full Arabic text of the Treaty (folios 143-150A) and an English translation (folios 156-177).Other subjects covered in the first file are:the visit of M. Maigret, the French Charge D'Affairs, to Riyadh to speak with Ibn Sa'ud;the visit of Talaat Pasha Harb;a provisional agreement signed by the United States and Saudi Arabia;the prospect of gold in commercial quantities in the Hejaz.Notable documents contained in the volume are a report on the heads of foreign missions in Jeddah, and a revised (June 1934) report on the leading personalities in Saudi Arabia.The subjects covered by the second file are:details and significance of a resurgence in war dancing by the Saudis;the visit of Charles Crane to see Ibn Sa'ud;a request for military assistance made by Saudi Arabia to Turkey;the conditions of entry into Hasa for Hindu merchants.At the end of each file are several pages of internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, circled, and located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following anomalies: 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D; 11A and 11B; 24A; 30A; 132A; 143A; 150A; and 236A. There are two other sequences, both uncircled and incomplete.
29. 'File 61/11 VII (D 122) Hejaz-Nejd Miscellaneous'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters, telegrams, and memoranda relating to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Most of the correspondence is between the British Legation in Jeddah, the Foreign Office in London, the Political Residencies in Bushire and Aden, the Political Agencies in Bahrain, Kuwait, and Muscat, the High Commissioner in Trans-Jordan, the British Embassy in Baghdad, the Colonial Office in London, the India Office in London, the Government of India, and Ibn Sa'ud.The volume covers a wide range of subjects, including:the dispute between Saudi Arabia and Yemen, including issues of the translation of the Treaty of Taif;the planning, development, and financing of roads;the differing characters of two of Ibn Sa'ud's sons, Amirs Sa'ud and Faisal;the appointment of new ministers in the Saudi Arabian government;the slave trade in the region;an Egyptian commercial and financial mission to the country led by Talaat Pasha Harb;a general amnesty for all 'political offenders' given by Ibn Sa'ud;new regulations on foreign ownership of property;Ibn Sa'ud's effort to improve the Saudi Arabian standing army;the French upgrade of their Consulate in Jeddah to a Legation;the general financial situation in Saudi Arabia;the proposal to restore the Hejaz Railway, including the lead up to a conference on the matter in Haifa in October 1935;an attempt on Ibn Sa'ud's life in Mecca;Saudi-Soviet relations;the activities of the Saudi Arabia Mining Syndicate;Amir Sa'ud's visit to Europe;the death of 'Abdullah ibn Jiluwi, Amir of Hasa;the prospect of Saudi Arabia joining the League of Nations;new Saudi regulations on the importation, sale, and possession of firearms;officer training for Saudis and Yemenis in Iraq;the introduction of a special import tax at Jeddah to fund local schools;Anglo-Italian relations;the proposal to renew the Treaty of Jeddah of 1927;unrest in Hasa due to the imposition of a 'jihad tax' on those who did not take part in recent fighting on behalf of the Kingdom.Notable in the volume is an interview with Fuad Bey Hamza, the Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, extracted from the newspaper Ayyam(folio 34).At the back of the volume (folios 207-213v) are internal office notes.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence begins on the first folio and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, circled, and located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D; 88, and 88A; 165 and 165A. There is a second foliation system that is uncircled and inconsistent.
30. 'File 61/11 VIII (D 148) Nejd-Hejaz: Miscellaneous'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, reports, and newspaper cuttings relating to Saudi Arabia. Much of the correspondence is made up of regular reports sent from the British Legation in Jeddah to the Foreign Office in London. The remaining correspondence is between the two aforementioned places and also: the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, the India Office in London, the Government of India, Ibn Sa'ud, and Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister.There are a range of subjects covered in the volume, including:Saudi Arabian foreign relations, specifically with Egypt, Yemen, Turkey, and Britain;a new customs tariff and the reduction of imports into the Kingdom;Saudi Arabian concerns about the situation in Palestine;the internal financial situation;the acitivities of the Saudi Arabia Mining Syndicate;the prospect of Yemen signing the Treaty of Arab Brotherhood and Alliance;Anglo-Italian relations, including Italian propoganda in the region;religious policing in the country;a visit to Ibn Sa'ud in Riyadh by Harold Dickson, the Political Agent in Kuwait, and the negative reaction to it in the Arab Press;the restoration of the Hejaz Railway;discontent with Saudi rule in the Hejaz due to preceived financial exploitation, including details of the Egyptian-based group 'The Friends of Hejaz';the death of Ibn Sa'ud's nephew Emir Khalid ibn Mohammed in a car accident;new regulations for foreigners living in Saudi Arabia;the deterioration of Ibn Sa'ud's health.Notable in the volume is a report (folios 87-95) on an interview with Ibn Sa'ud by Reader Bullard, the British Minister in Jeddah at the time, a revised report (folios 135-136) on the heads of foreign missions in Jeddah, and the letter exchange (folios 165, 171-180) between Ibn Sa'ud and Neville Chamberlain.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, circled and located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The only irregularities are the first four folios that run 1A through to 1D, then continuing as normal from 2.
31. 'File 61/14 V (D 49) Nejd and 'Iraq, Relations between'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains telegrams, letters, and reports relating to affairs between Najd, Kuwait, and Iraq. Most of the correspondence is between Lionel Haworth, the Political Resident in Bushire, Henry Dobbs, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, Ibn Sa'ud, the King of the Hejaz and Najd, Leo Amery, the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London, James More, the Political Agent in Kuwait, Cyril Barrett, the Political Agent in Bahrain, Edward Ellington, the Air Officer Commanding in Iraq, George Ambrose Lloyd, High Commissioner in Cairo, Herbert Plumer, High Commissioner in Jerusalem, H. G. C. Franklin, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, Bertram Thesiger, Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station, and the Government of India.The volume covers the British response to the crisis following the Ikhwan rebellion and the threat of attack on Kuwaiti and Iraqi territory. Documents relate to:military measures taken to defend Kuwait and Iraq and counter the Ikhwanthreat, including air reconnaissance and attacks, naval deployments (HMS Emerald,HMS Lupin,HMS Crocus, the Triad,HMS Enterprise,HMS Patrick Stewart,and the Bandraare all mentioned) frontier forts, and the supply of armoured cars and guns to Kuwait;rumours and reports of tribal movements in the region, usually coming from shepherds, merchants, travellers and other local sources;the thoughts and actions of Ibn Sa'ud himself, including his relations with the Ikhwan leadership;the endeavour to arrange a meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and either Gilbert Clayton or the Agent at Sharjah (a Muslim).Other subjects that emerge from the file are:a concern about the large amount of cypher work that needs to be done and the need for a cypher clerk from India;the situation in Yemen, including a rumoured meeting between Ibn Sa'ud and Imam Yahya, and the measures taken by the British to prevent further incursions into the Aden Protectorate by the Imam's forces;the official objection to a proposed visit by the Basra Timescorrespondent to Riyadh to meet Ibn Sa'ud.Notable within the volume are the following documents:a series of intelligence reports by Gerald de Gaury, who was appointed to gather such information, including information on a Mutair informant, the topography of the Batin frontier, and the Roqah division of the 'Ataibah (‘Utaiba) tribe (folios 249-269);Report by Barrett on Ibn Sa'ud's position, frame of mind, and actions (folios 268-274).Physical description: Foliation: The sequence runs from the first folio through to the inside back cover (ff 1A-287). The numbers are written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E. There is a second sequence that runs from 20 through to 286 (ff 19-283) but is inconsistent. The numbers are also written in pencil in the same place, but are not circled. Some early numbers are crossed out.
32. 'File 6/31 Foreign Interests: Yemen'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a copy of a letter that was sent from the Foreign Office to various diplomatic posts around the Middle East regarding the proposed recognition of Seif el-Islam Ahmed [Saif al-Islam Ahmad] as the King of Yemen. It is accompanied with a cover note forwarding the letter from the Political Residency in Bahrain to the Political Agencies in Muscat, Bahrain and Kuwait.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 4; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
33. ‘Death of Sheik Hussain, Bedowin Chief’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies of correspondence enclosed with a political letter from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. The item refers to an update by Lieutenant J Buckle, Commander of the Company ship Euphrates, on the activity of Ibrahim Pacha [Ibrāhīm Pasha] in Yemen. Whilst Buckle’s predecessor, Lieutenant Nott, had reported in June 1838 that Ibrahim Pacha had relinquished his territory to Sheik Hussain [Shaikh Ḥusayn], ‘a powerful Bedowin [Bedouin] Chief’, Buckle now writes that this move turned out to be a ruse, that Sheik Hussain has subsequently been killed and that his eldest son, Shaik Cassim [Shaikh Qāsim], has been taken prisoner. Buckle further reports that, whilst Sheik Hussain’s widow and his other son have retained possession of his fort in the hills, his allies will be concerned by the loss of this influential figure.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 2540, Draft 81, 1840’, ‘Collection No. 14’, and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 248, and terminates at f 253, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
34. 'The Seven Independent Arabian States [Yemen, ‘Asir, Hijaz, Najd, Kuwait, Jabal Shammar and al-Jawf]'
- Description:
- Abstract: This confidential memorandum, printed by the Foreign Office in May 1935 is a report by William John Childs concerning the seven independent Arabian states or autonomous areas. The report contains an introduction that states that the 'purpose of the paper is to give a brief outline each of the seven independent Arabian states', listed on folio 316, 'at the time of the Arab rising against the Turks in June 1916'.The report is divided into sections covering each state as follows:'The Imamate of Yemen ruled by Imam Yahya [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn]' (folio 316);'The Principate of Asir ruled by the Idrisi [Sayyid Muḥammad bin ‘Alī al-Idrīsi]' (folios 316-317);'The Emirate of Mecca (or the Hejaz) ruled by Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], Emir and Sherif of Mecca' (folios 317-319);'Emirate of Nejd [Najd] ruled by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], Emir of Riyadh' (folios 319-323);'The Sheikhdom of Koweit [Kuwait] ruled by the Sheikh of Koweit [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ]' (folio 323v);'The Emirate of Jebel Shammar [Jabal Shammar] (or Hail [Ḥā’il]) ruled by the Emir of Hail [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Rashīd]' (folios 323-324)'Jauf-el-Amir [Jawf al-Amīr, under the rule of Nūrī bin Sha‘lān]' (folio 324v).A footnote on folio 316 records: 'This memorandum was prepared by the late Mr. William John Childs and found among his papers. A few modifications and additions have been made to bring it up to date'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 315, and terminates at folio 325, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, a re circles, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 4-327; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
35. 'Hadramaut. von Carl Zimmermann, Second Lieutenant im 24ten Jnfanterie Regiment, Berlin 1846 bei G. Reimer. (Zum Atlas von Vorder Asien gehörig)'
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures.Shows routes of various expeditions with a table of explorers and dates of their journeys listed at left centre of sheet at IOR/X/2942/5/2.Includes inset: ‘Plan von Aden und des umliegenden Landes’ with soundings recorded and note: ‘nach den Parlaments Reports Indian Papers respecting Aden 1837 & 1838 & Foster Sketch of Cap Aden in Bombay Geographical Society Proceedings May 1839’.Physical description: Dimensions:525 x 500 mm, on sheet 690 x 604 mm
36. 'Jemen. Versuch einer Darstellung vom glücklichen oder südöstlichen Arabien zu C. Ritters Erdkunde (Drittes Buch West Asien Band VI)'
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures.Shows routes of various expeditions with a list of explorers and dates of their journeys at left centre.Includes two insets: ‘Socotara’ and ‘KARTE DES Landstrichs zwischen Dsjidda und Tayf in HEDSCHAS ARABIEN’.Physical description: Dimensions:550 x 465 mm, on sheet 690 x 604 mm