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1. 'Book No 253'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains copies of correspondence sent and original correspondence received by the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, relating to Bahrein [Bahrain] and the Wahabees [Wahhabis]. The Political Resident in the Persian Gulf throughout the period was Captain (James) Felix Jones.The main correspondents are Hajee Jassem [Ḥājjī Jāsim], British Agent at Bahrein; Henry Lacon Anderson, Secretary to Government, Bombay, and Acting Secretaries to Government, Bombay; Herbert Frederick Disbrowe, Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf; Commanders of the Persian Gulf Squadron; Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia, Baghdad; Mahomed ben Khuleefa, Sheikh (or Chief) of Bahrein [Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah]; Mahomed bin Abdullah [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh], Sheikh (or Chief) of Demaum [Dammām]; and other local rulers and officials. Correspondence from local rulers and officials is mostly translated into English, but there are two letters in the original.The papers include: reports of relations between the Sheikhs of Demaum and Bahrein; infringements of maritime peace; rules observed by the Resident in registering British subjects in Bahrein, and in defining their privileges of exemption from taxation, June - August 1861 (folios 23-27); account of 'vexatious' behaviour by the Sheikh of Bahrein towards the British Agent and British subjects trading in his territories, September 1858 - March 1861 (folios 103-127); moves by the Ottoman Empire and Persia to obtain influence over Bahrein, March 1859- January 1862 (folios 150-187); and the removal of Mahomed bin Abdullah from Demaum, and the first visit to the backwaters and shallows south of Bahrein by the steam gunboat Hugh Rose, June 1861 - January 1862 (folios 169-220).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 227 on the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomaly: ff 70A and 70B.Condition: there are holes resulting from insect damage and damage to the edges of pages throughout the volume. This occasionally results in loss of text.
2. 'Vol 255 Slave Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume's correspondence and other papers document British officials' attempts to suppress the slave trade in the Gulf, and their procedures for dealing with liberated slaves. The principal correspondents in the file are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Captain Felix Jones), H. L. Anderson, Secretary to the Government in Bombay, and representatives of the Persian Gulf Squadron of the Indian Navy, primarily Commodore Griffith Jenkins, Commanding Officer of the Persian Gulf Squadron.A number of subjects comprise the volume, as follows:1. British operations against the slave trade in Bahrain, including the retrieval of two slave girls from the Sheikh of Bahrain, and the recovery of one-hundred dollars from the Sheikh of Bahrain, as compensation for the seizure of two slaves from Shargah by the Sheikh of Al Bidda, whose actions are the responsibility of the Sheikh of Bahrain (folios 4a-5);2. The surrender of four slaves by Sheikh Sultan bin Suggar [Saqr] of Sharjah, a result of the efforts of Lieutenant Robinson and the British Agent at Sharjah, Hajee Yacoob (folios 10-29);3. The lack of success in the suppression of the slave trade during the 1857 season, due to there being no British vessels available to intercept boats returning from Zanzibar and the African coast (folios 33-36);4. Attempts to suppress the slave trade during the 1859 season (folios 40-110). This subject contains extensive correspondence back and forth between the Resident (Jones) and the Senior Naval Officer (Jenkins), which becomes heated as disagreements arise, over resources for the patrol of the Arab coast and the suppression of the slave trade. Commodore Jenkins thought it derogatory for his vessel ( Falkland), displaying his pendant, to be involved in the interception of slave-trading boats (folios 48-49). Jones refers the matter to the Governor in Council, who rules that any notion of slave suppression duties being derogatory is 'mistaken.' Jenkins reports the following year on his attempts to suppress the slave trade from Africa, reporting that his two cruizers liberated a single female slave (folio 59). In a letter to Jenkins, Jones calls the operation 'fruitless' (folio 69), prompting Jenkins to draw Jones' attention to the personal sacrifices made by his crews, including Lieutenant Robinson who is 'seriously ill' as a result of the 'sickly climate' (folio 71-72);5. Expenses related to the disposal of liberated slaves at Bassidore. The British Government retained a slave agent at Bassidore, where liberated slaves were retained prior to their despatch to Bushire. Correspondence in this subject relates to the expenses for the maintenance and passage to Bushire of these liberated slaves (folios 115-144);6. Batta [subsistence allowance] given to a British slave searcher, granted on his proceeding to the Residency (folios 152-55);7. Miscellaneous correspondence relating to the slave trade (folios 159-76).Physical description: Foliation: Foliation starts on the front cover of the volume and continues until the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 30a, 30b, 37a, 37b, 41a, 98a, 150a, 150b, 150c, 156a, 156b. Folio 68 is a fold-out.
3. 'Vol 282 Head IV, Volume 11 (eleven) Bahrein and Wahabee Complications'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence regarding relations between the people of Bahrein [Bahrain] and the Wahabees [Wahhabis] and the involvement of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain (James) Felix Jones, in affairs.The correspondence consists of letters and reports sent by Captain Jones to the Secretary to Government at Bombay (Henry Lacon Anderson, Alexander Kinloch Forbes) describing the situation in Bahrein in which an atmosphere of anxiety and alarm had arisen over reports that Mahomed ben Abdullah, Chief of Demaum [Dammam] was amassing men and boats for an attack on Bahrein, and detailing the response by Captain Jones to these reports, including the decision to send British vessels of war to help boost morale and assist in the defence of Bahrein; investigations made by these vessels into the forces massing to attack Bahrein; and the seizing of boats and vessels belonging to the Chief of Demaum and his supports. Also included is a copy of the Government resolution permitting Captain Jones to have Mahomed ben Abdullah and his supporters forcibly removed from Demaum.Enclosed with them are copies of correspondence and reports on affairs at Bahrein including accounts of the forces massing at ports including Demaum and Katiff [Al Qaţīf], which were sent to and from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf by Hajee Jassem [Haji Jasim], British Agent at Bahrain; Shaikh Mahomed ben Khalifah (also written bin Khuleefa) [Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah], Chief of Bahrein; Sheikh Alee bin Khuleefa [‘Alī bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah]; [Sheikh Mahomed ben Abdullah [Muḥammed bin‘Abdullāh], Chief of Demaum; Ameer Fysul ben Torkee [Faisal ibn Turki], Ruler of Nedjd [Najd]; The Senior Naval Officer Commanding the Persian Gulf Squadron (Charles Golding Constable, Charles John Cruttenden) ; Commander Philip William Fendell of HMS Falkland; Commander Richard William Whish of HM Schooner Mahi; and Commander William Balfour of HM Steam Frigate Semiramis.Also included in the file is correspondence with Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson and Charles Alison, Her British Majesty's Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia, and Lewis Pelly, Charge d'Affaires at the Court of Persia, regarding Mirza Mehdi, Persian Agent for Foreign Affairs at Bushire, who is sent by the Prince Governor of Farsistan [Fārs] on a special mission to meet Ameer Fysul, Ruler of Nedjd [Najd] to discuss safe passage for Persian Pilgrims to Mecca, which the Political Resident believes is also being used as an opportunity to discuss Bahrein, which the Persians and the Wahabees have both laid claim to. Further correspondence on the matter includes intelligence reports from the British Agent at Bahrein, Hajee Jassem, including the arrival of Turkish emissaries at Bahrein and the decision by the Shaikh of Bahrein to hoist the Persian Flag at his forts.Later correspondence includes letters to and from Richard Rogers, Officiating Political Agent at Basreh [Basra], John McAdam Hyslop, Officiating Political Agent in Turkish Arabia, and Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, HBM's Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire regarding Turkish functionaries who had been sent on a mission from Basreh to Bahrein; and the raising of the Turkish flag at Bahrein. This correspondence also includes letters written in both English and Ottoman Turkish to the Governor-General of Baghdad, and copies of letters in Arabic from the Shaikh of Bahrein to the Pasha of Baghdad.The file concludes with correspondence relating to Mahomed ben Khuleefa's attempts at retaliation, including blockading the Wahabee ports of Demaum and Katiff; and the decision in May 1861 to sign a convention and bond with the British Government:Terms of a friendly convention entered into between Sheikh Mahomed ben Khuleefa, independent ruler of Bahrein on the part of himself and successors, and Captain Felix Jones, Her Majesty's Indian Navy, Political Resident of Her Britanic Majesty in the Gulf of Persia on the part of the British Government, 1 May 1861, in Arabic and English (ff 321-326).Translation of a bond sealed by Sheikh Mahomed ben Khuleefa of Bahrein and entered into by him with Captain Felix Jones, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, 31 May 1861, in Arabic and English (ff 327-328).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence runs across the two volumes, and is therefore split into two ranges ff. 1-182 & ff. 183-341. It commences at the first folio of writing in volume one and terminates at the last folio of writing in volume two. These numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto side of each folio. Foliation errors: 1, 1A.
4. 'Vol 186 1853/54 Bahrain; Arabian Coast and Muscat; Slave Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: The letterbook is comprised of correspondence sent between the Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain Arnold Kemball, and the Chief Secretary of the Government in Bombay, Arthur Malet, relating to events at Bahrain (folios 1-61), on the Arabian Coast and Muscat (folios 63-256), and the slave trade (folios 258-414).Correspondence relating to Bahrain, the Arab Coast and Muscat, chiefly concerns relations (including conflicts and settlements) between the Arab tribes, occasional breaches of the maritime peace, and the movements of a Wahhabi army eastwards from the Arabian interior, towards Al-Buraimi and Muscat. Correspondence relating to the slave trade chiefly concerns instances of slaves being imported into Persia from Zanzibar, occasionally via the Batinah and Arab coasts.Physical description: Foliation: The letterbook has been split into two volumes, ending at folio 208 in the first volume, and picking up at folio 209 in the second. Foliation begins on the first page of text in the first volume, and ends on the last page of the original letterbook in the second volume. The foliation system uses pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. An original pagination system, written in ink in the top-left corner of versos and the top-right corner of rectos, runs through both volumes.The front cover, inside cover, front flyleafs, rear flyleafs and inside back cover of each volume are unfoliated.The following foliation anomalies occur: 41A, 74A, 74B (no 74), 179A, 179B (no 179), 184A, 184B (no 184), 187A, 194A, 194B (no 194), 196A, 196B (no 196), 203A, 263A, 282A, 282B (no 282), 295A, 295B (no 295), 331A, 331B (no 331).
5. 'Bassidore Station'
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:Scene showing a settlement and Indian troops on parade at Bassidore (Basaidu) Station on the western extremity of Qeshm (Kishm) Island.The mud and reed-built two-storey building behind the troops is surrounded by a fence. To the left of the image in the middle-ground hessian or jute sacks are piled in a large heap. A number of figures, aside from the troops on parade are visible seated on the ground near the sacks as well as on the terrace of the building.In the background a paddle steamer is visible at anchor in the bay beyond.Inscriptions:Upper right, in pencil alongside image: '49', 'b'Below image, in pen: 'Bassidore Station'Physical description: Dimensions:157 x 200 mmFormat:Albumen print on paperCondition:The print is in good condition with staining in the sky areaand minor surface dirt throughout.Foliation:‘b’ (crossed out); ‘49’Process:Albumen print
6. Vol 179 1852/53 Squadron, Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains letters, both inward and outward, relating to the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf (also referred to as the Persian Gulf Squadron). Most of the correspondence is between the Commander of the Persian Gulf Squadron and the Resident in the Persian Gulf. At the beginning of 1852, the Resident in the Persian Gulf was Samuel Hennell, who is the recipient of the first two letters in this file. In March 1852, Hennell was succeeded by Arnold Burrowes Kemball, who appears as both correspondent and recipient. The other officers who appear as both correspondent and recipient are John Patterson Porter, Commander of the Persian Gulf Squadron, and his successor, George Robinson. In addition to the letters between the aforementioned offices there are four letters, addressed to the Commander of the Persian Gulf Squadron, which were originally enclosed with other letters (not present in this file) from the Commander of the Persian Gulf Squadron to the Resident in the Persian Gulf. The correspondents of these letters are: Lieutenant George William Leeds, Commander of the Honourable Company's schooner Constance; Lieutenant James Longden Stevens, Commander of the Honourable Company's sloop Clive; Lieutenant James Tronson, Commander of the Honourable Company's brigantine Tigris.Much of the correspondence in the file includes intelligence received from the Native Agent at Sharjah, Hadji Yacoob. Subjects covered include: an attack against the Banī Qitab tribe, reportedly launched by Shaikh Said bin Tahnun Al Nahayan of Abu Dhabi; reported acts of piracy off the Arabian coast; the whereabouts of the plundered cargo of the merchant ship, the Centaur; reports of slaves being imported from Zanzibar.Physical description: Pagination: There is an incomplete pagination sequence, which is written in ink, in the top right corners of the rectos and in the top left corners of the versos. The sequence runs from 16 to 187 and has many gaps.Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 30. This is the sequence that has been used by this catalogue to reference items within the file.
7. Vol 246: Squadron, Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume consists almost entirely of letters received by the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Navy from the senior Indian Navy officer in command of the Persian Gulf Squadron (acting or otherwise). Most of the letters are addressed to a named recipient and the bulk of these are addressed to Rear Admiral Sir Henry John Leeke; the remaining letters are addressed to Leeke's successor, George Greville Wellesley. The first correspondent stated as being in command of the Persian Gulf Squadron is Commodore Richard Ethersey; the second correspondent to appear in this role is Acting Commodore John William Young. Ethersey and Young are succeeded in this role by James Rennie, who is credited initially as Acting Commodore and later as Senior Naval Officer in command of the Persian Gulf Squadron. Most of the letters in this volume are from James Rennie.Some of the letters contain enclosures from other correspondents including: Major William Henry Rhodes Green; Gordon Asher, Assistant Surgeon in Medical Charge of the Honourable Company steam frigate, the Feerooz; Commander William Beaumont Selby, Indian Navy, Commander of the Euphrates flotilla.Only one of James Rennie's letters is addressed to a recipient other than the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Navy. The letter in question is addressed to Robert Barclay Chapman, Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India.The letters primarily discuss the movements of vessels belonging to the Persian Gulf Squadron. A couple of letters include lists of vessels which have arrived and/or sailed from Bushire, along with details of their cargo. Several of the letters concern the Persian Gulf Squadron's involvement in the Anglo-Persian War and in the Battle of Mahomerah [Khorramshahr, Iran] in particular. Other subjects covered include: matters relating to naval officers, including appointments, examinations, resignations and deaths; the states of repair of some of the Squadron's ships; the discovery of two shoals in the Persian Gulf which do not appear in existing charts; accounts of coal reserves at Bushire, Bassadore [Bāsaʻīdū] and Muscat; the state of the pier at Bassadore.Physical description: Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 169. This is the sequence which has been used by this catalogue to reference items within the volume.
8. Vol 25: Letters Outward
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters sent outwards from the Bushire Residency, along with correspondence sent by the Resident, Captain William Bruce, while away from Bushire. It covers the administrative proceedings of the Bushire Residency, and matters related to the British force stationed at Bassidore [Bāsaʻīdū] on the island of Qeshm. As well as political affairs in the Persian Gulf current in 1822.Some of the correspondence in the volume also relates to legal proceedings initiated by ‘Abd al-Raḥīm Khān against the Resident in the Bombay courts, in relation to the Resident's handling of the estate of the late Muḥammad Nabī Khān. It also covers the events surrounding the Resident's summons to Shiraz by Prince Ḥusayn ‘Alī Mirzā, and the unauthorised signing of a treaty ceding Bahrain to Persia; a set of affairs that would lead to William Bruce's dismissal from the post of Resident of Bushire in December 1822.Physical description: Condition: The file has suffered from pest damage, though for the most part the legibility of the text remains unaffected. The main exception being a series of holes, which run through ff 3-10 and ff 28-47; the largest of these holes are approximately 2cm in diameter, and these do obscure the text in places, which can result in some of the content being difficult to read. The paper is also fragile, and should be handled with care.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, 2, 2a-2d, 3-83, and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: A pagination sequence is also present between ff 3-83; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the top outermost corners of each page.
9. Vol 35: Letters Outward
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters sent out by Ephraim Gerrish Stannus, the Resident in the Persian Gulf, and James Pringle Riach, the officer placed in charge of the Bushire Residency during his absences; the Resident is required to make a number of trips to the Arabian Coast during the period covered by this volume.The subject matter covered includes political activity in Persia principally relating to Shaikh ‘Abd al-Rasūl Khān, the Shaikh of Bushire, and Ḥusayn ‘Alī Mirzā, the Prince at Shiraz; this includes some discussion concerning a possible Persian expedition to retake Bahrain, and the insecure position of Shaikh ‘Abd al-Rasūl Khān at Bushire. The impact and consequences of an earthquake, which occurred at Shiraz are also reported.A great deal of correspondence is related to the Resident's role in enforcing the General Treaty with the Arab Tribes of the Persian Gulf 1820, which aims to curb piracy in the Gulf. There is therefore a great deal of material relating to mediating a dispute between the dependants of Sa‘īd bin Sultān Āl Sa‘īd, the Imam of Muscat (principally Shaikh Ṭaḥnūn bin Shakhbūṭ Āl Nahyān), and Sulṭān bin Saqr. There is also some material concerning the arrangement of transportation for the Resident's trips to the Arabian coast.Captain William Owen's efforts to suppress the slave trade in East Africa are covered to a degree by the correspondence; the Captain's authorised declaration of a British Protectorate over Mombasa is reported, along with his threats against other dependencies of the Government of Oman (for example, Zanzibar). There is also a limited amount of material concerning the Imam of Muscat's threats to blockade the port of Basra.Physical description: Condition: The front cover of the volume is detached from the binding, which is itself in poor condition, and many sections are loose. Much of the body of the volume is in good condition, but care must be taken as some of the folios are very fragile.Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The volume contains the following amendments to the foliation; 1, and 1A; 20, and 20A; 90, and 90A.Pagination: The volume contains an original pagination sequence written in ink between ff 2-140; these numbers are located in the top centre of each page.
10. Vol 70, 71: Letters Inward
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters received at Bushire from William Sowden Collinson, the Commodore of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, stationed at Bassadore [Bāsaʻīdū], and the Government of Bombay. The correspondence pertains to political affairs along the Arab Gulf coast, particularly in relation to the rise in Wahhābī influence in the region. There are also updates on ship movements in the Gulf and the maintenance of the naval station at Bassadore. Some of the letters contain reports of proceedings by ship captains, containing details of voyages taken through the Gulf. More miscellaneous subjects covered include requests for plants and the eggs of silkworms, and the lending of ship libraries to the Bushire Residency.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: folio 1 is followed by 1A. This is the sequence used by this catalogue to reference items within the volume.Pagination: An original pagination sequence written in ink is also present in the volume between ff 1A-37.
11. Letters Inward
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists almost entirely of letters received at the Residency in the Persian Gulf, Bushire. Most of the letters are addressed to the Acting Resident in the Persian Gulf; very few of these letters state the name of the Acting Resident; those that do include a name are addressed to Samuel Hennell.The principal correspondents in this file are the following: Edward M Wood, Secretary to Government, Marine Department, Bombay; John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to Government, Political Department, Bombay; William Henry Wathen, Chief Secretary to Government, Political Department, Bombay; Charles Malcolm, Superintendent of the Indian Navy; John Pepper, Commander of the Indian Naval Squadron.Several of the letters include enclosed letters. For instance, some of Wood's letters contain copies of correspondence between the Government of Bombay and Charles Malcolm, Superintendent of the Indian Navy. These enclosed letters relate to new arrangements – proposed by the Resident, James Morrison – concerning the role of the Commodore's ship (previously almost permanently stationed at Bassadore [Bāsaʻīdū], but recently required, following Morrison's changes, to make regular trips throughout the Gulf). Malcolm objects to the changes and makes the case for having a station vessel at Bassadore.The letters from Wood and Willoughby respectively relay the approval, and in some cases, the instructions, of the Governor in Council, Sir Robert Grant, regarding the Resident's duties. Many of these letters concern the Resident's conduct in political affairs in the Gulf. For instance, one letter relates to a dispute between the Shaik of Kishm [Shaikh of Qeshm] and the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd]. Other letters discuss more routine tasks, such as the forwarding of packets and the maintenance of the buildings under the Resident's charge.Other subjects discussed include: the maintenance and movements of Indian Navy ships, particularly in relation to the Euphrates Expedition, headed by Francis Rawdon Chesney; Malcolm's dismissal of the commander of the Cyreneschooner for having shown extreme carelessness while in charge of that vessel, resulting in it running aground; arrangements – sanctioned by the Governor in Council –for the conveyance of mail between Mohammarah [Khorramshahr] and Damascus and Beirout [Beirut], using dromedaries and horses respectively; the reported tearing down of British colours by the French authorities at the Port of Bussora [Basra]; reported piratical activity in the neighbourhood of Adeed.The final letter in the file, which is from Willoughby, concerns instructions regarding the conduct of British officers when detached with troops of British allies. The letter contains two extracts from two separate letters from the Court of Directors, the first of which is dated 25 September 1835 and refers to an incident in which a British officer, Captain Rochfort, failed to intervene and prevent the execution of ninety-nine prisoners.Physical description: Pagination: There is a pagination sequence, which is written in ink, in the top right corners of the rectos and in the top left corners of the versos.Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. This sequence begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the last folio of writing, on number 54. This is the sequence which has been used by this catalogue to reference items within the file.
12. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Charles Ross, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Adolphus Warburton Moore, Assistant Secretary, Political Department
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed copy of a letter which concerns the question of consular jurisdiction in Persia. Ross, in his capacity as Political Resident at Bushire, gives his opinion on papers he has read which regard consular jurisdiction in Persia: chiefly, the lack of need for a judge of appeal at Bushire, the legal powers of the Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the territorial status of Bassidore [Bāsa‘īdū].Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence is a single folio number, written in pencil, circled, and located in the top right corner of the recto side of the folio.
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