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1057. File 4612/1915 Pt 1-4 'GERMAN WAR - PERSIA FARMAN FARMA FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to British policy towards Persia within the context of maintaining British interests there in the light of the war with Germany. In particular the correspondence details the British financial relationship with the Governor of Fars, Farman Farma [ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Mīrzā Farmānfarmā], and his role in maintaining governance and order in Shiraz. This is in the wider context of the Persian famine of 1917-1919 caused partly by the requisitioning of foodstuffs by the occupying British and Russian armies.The principal correspondents in the volume are: the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Arthur James Balfour); the Director of Military Intelligence, War Office; the Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department; HM Minister, Tehran (Sir Charles Marling); the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; the Under-Secretary of State for India; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Percy Zachariah Cox).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 468; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
1058. File 469/1917 Pt 1 'Persia: Bakhtiari affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers, mainly correspondence and India Office minute papers, mostly relating to the situation in the Bakhtiari [Baḵtīārī] territory in Persia [Iran], during the First World War. It includes papers concerning British negotiations with the Bakhtiari khans, and the agreement of February 1917 signed by Charles Murray Marling, HM Minister to Iran, and the principal Bakhtiari khans.The file also includes papers which relate to relations between the Bakhtiaris and the Russians in Persia, and the payment of £2,500 made to the Bakhtiari khans in December 1915 by Dr Young of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, in connection with the agreement concluded by Young with the Bakhtiari Sardars.The main correspondents include: the India Office; the Foreign Office; the Chief Political Officer, Basra (Sir Percy Zachariah Cox); the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; HM Minister, Tehran; HM Consul, Kerman; HM Consul, Sistan and Kain; and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 260; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
1059. File 469/1917 Pt 2 'Persia: Bakhtiari affairs. Bakhtiari gendarmerie'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains papers (mainly correspondence and India Office minute papers) relating to the Bakhtiari [Baḵtīārī] tribe and Bakhtiari territory in Persia [Iran]. The papers largely concern the proposal to raise a force of gendarmerie, or Levy Corps, under British officers in the Bakhtiari territory, to settle potential incidents of ‘collision’ between Russian troops and Bakhtiaris. These papers include correspondence regarding the decision to postpone the Levy Corps scheme, following the Russian February Revolution of 1917, until the general political and diplomatic situation became clearer. The file also includes papers relating to the Bakhtiari offer of military co-operation with the British, in the form of the maintenance of a force of Bakhtiari sowars in Bakhtiari territory.The main correspondents include: the India Office; the Foreign Office; the War Office; the Treasury; the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India; Brigadier-General Sir Percy Sykes, Inspector-General, South Persia Military Police; HM Minister, Tehran (Sir Charles Marling); HM Vice-Consul, Ahwaz (Captain E Noel); the Deputy Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and Chief Political Officer, Basra; HM Consul, Kerman; the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (C.I.G.S.); the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), India; and the Chief of the General Staff, India.The file includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 264; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
1060. File 475/1916 'PERSIA: POLICY - 1916. The proposed Treaty of Alliance'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, notes and printed papers in 1916 relating to the development of British policy towards Persia as well as the British relationship with Russia vis-à-vis its position and interests in Persia.The discussion in the volume relates to the terms, duration and articles of the Treaty of Alliance developed by 'three-cornered conversations between Teheran, London and Petrograd' as well as the views of the Government of India on the proposed Treaty.The volume includes:A printed copy of the proposed agreement with Persia (ff 260-261).Comments of HBM's Minister for Teheran (Sir Charles Murray Marling) on Persian proposals and details of the Russian counter-draft (ff 236-238).A draftt in French (ff 213-214) of the proposed treaty.A note (ff 161-165) on 'Persian Expenditure: the "half and half" arrangement' on the division of costs in Persia between HM Government and the Government of India.A telegram dated 31 August 1916 (f 81) listing the members of the Cabinet of the Prime Minister to the Shah of Persia Yossugh od Dowleh [Mushir-ed-Dowleh].A printed paper (ff 43-44) from the Minister to Tehran to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Viscount Edward Grey) detailing a history of Sipasalar's A'zam's administration.Further discussion surrounds the associated negotiations of issues including: the abrogation of the Treaty of Turcomanshai [Turkmenchay] in which Russia dictated terms to end the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828); cancellation of Persian debt; tenure of land by foreigners; recognition of Persian territorial claims in the Gulf; and Persian concerns over de facto partition.The correspondence also discusses the creation of a Cossack brigade for use by Persia and further potential military assistance to Persia; an Anglo-Russian subsidy to the Persian Government and mechanisms of financial control; the role of the South Persia Military Police in the 'restoration of order' in Fars and Kerman; and the loss by the Persian Government of correspondence relating to the Treaty.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Walter Louis Frederick Goltz Langley); the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey); HBM Minister at Teheran (Sir Charles Murray Marling); the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Prescott Trevor); Permanent Under-Secretary of State, India Office (Sir Thomas William Holderness); HBM Ambassador to Petrograd (Sir George William Buchanan); the Viceroy (Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst); and the Prime Minister to the Shah of Persia (Mushir-ed-Dowleh).The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 281; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
1061. File 499/1926 Pt 1-2 'PERSIA: PRINTED CORRESPONDENCE'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume consists of two parts, both comprising batches of printed correspondence relating to political and economic affairs in Persia [Iran], as follows:Part 1, 'Persia: Affairs; Printed Correspondence (1925-July 1926)' (IOR/L/PS/10/1169/1) (ff 1-167)Part 2, 'Persia: Affairs; Printed Correspondence (1926-' (IOR/L/PS/10/1169/2) (ff 168-644).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 645; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Pagination: the volume also contains multiple original printed pagination sequences.
1062. File 5015/1919 Pt 1-3 'PERSIA:- REVISION OF CUSTOMS TARIFF'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume relates to the revision of the Anglo-Persian Customs Tariff. It comprises three parts as follows:IOR/L/PS/10/856: Part 1, ‘Persia: Appointment of Financial Adviser’ (ff 249-295)IOR/L/PS/10/856: Part 2, ‘Persia: Appointment of Experts for Revision of Tariff’ (ff 159-248)IOR/L/PS/10/856: Part 3, ‘Persia: Revision of Customs Tariff’ (ff 4-158).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (the front of each part).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 298; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
1063. File 5122/1921 'PERSIA:- ANTI-BRITISH PROPAGANDA IN THE PERSIAN PRESS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains minutes, letters, memoranda, and reports relating to articles, pamphlets, and newspapers identified as promoting anti-British propaganda by officials and diplomatic representatives of HM Government in Qajar Persia [Qājār Iran]. The papers notably cover the following subjects:The punishment, encouraged by Britain and often violent and severe, of members of the press in Persia by the Persian Government, including incidents involving the editors of the Tehran press (probably a reference to the Shafagh Sorkh[ Shafaq-i Surkh]) and the newspapers Hayat[ Ḥayāt] and Toofan[ Ṭūfān]Objections made to the Central Zionist Committees in Persia and Palestine concerning the anti-British tone of the Jewish newspaper, Hahaim[ Ha-Ḥayīm], which 'ostentatiously refrained' from endorsing celebrations for the approval of the 'Palestine Mandate' by the League of NationsThe pilgrimage to the Shrine [of Imām Mūsá al-Riz̤āʾ] at Meshed [Mashhad] made by two leading Shiah [Shīʿah] mujtahids [Islamic legal authorities] who had been expelled from British Iraq, their anti-British activities and publications, as well as their surveillance by the British with the help of officials of the Persian Government and religious leaders in the regionDiscussion of the question of British diplomatic withdrawal as a response to anti-British activities and public sentiment, including how this might affect their vested interests, particularly in oil and bankingThe position of the Qajar Prime Minister Kawam-es-Saltaneh [Aḥmad Qivām Qivām al-Mulk Qivām al-Salṭanah] and his attitudes towards the Bolshevik [Soviet] presence and influence in PersiaThe proposal for a pro-British propaganda campaign in Persia, funded by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, and designed to counter what is considered to be Soviet-sponsored anti-British sentiment in much of the country's pressThe use by anti-British propagandists in Shiraz of the 'extremist press' of [British] India, such as the newspaper Zemindar[ Zamīndār], published in Lahore; British efforts to prosecute the paper's editor and proprietor, as well as suppressing its importation into PersiaThe critical response to, and parody of, a speech about Persia given by Lord Curzon in the House of Lords on 26 July 1921, in a pamphlet, written in French, entitled 'Setareh Iran: Curzon et la Perse' (folios 159-175)Discussion by British officials of the coverage in the Persian-language newspaper Sitarah-e-Iran[ Sitārah-yi Īrān; also written as, Sitara-i-Iran, Setare-i-Iran, and Sétareh Iran] of the Swadeshi campaign to boycott British-made goods, championed at the time by Mr Ghandi [Mohandas Gandhi].Correspondents mainly include: Political and Secret Department, India Office; Prime Minister, President of the Council of Ministers and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Government of Persia; Minister of War, Government of Persia; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, London; Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, London; Under-Secretary of State for India, London; HM High Commissioner, Baghdad; HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia, Tehran; Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Tehran and London.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject and file number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 220; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
1064. File 5257/1919 'Persia: the Military Commission'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, telegrams and minutes. It mainly covers conversations between British officials regarding military affairs in Persia [Iran].Related matters of discussion include the following: appointment and nomination of administrative officers, mainly covering salary, travelling expenses, pay rate, channels to be paid, official visits and transports, and adjustments. Also discussed are the conditions of serving on the commissions, the organisation and recommendation of improvements on the commission.The volume also covers the relationship between the Persian Government and the Anglo-Persian Military Commission and the possible service of British officers in the Persian Army. Also mentioned is the supplying of munition and equipment to the Persian Government, as agreed in the Anglo-Persian Agreement.In addition, the volume includes:‘Agreement between his Britannic Majesty’s Government and the Persian Government’, 9 August 1919 (ff 258-259)‘Conditions of Service for British Officers Serving in the Persian Army’ (ff 134-143)Confidential supplement to the report of the Anglo-Persian Military Commission by the British Members of the Commission (ff 87-110)Report of the Anglo-Persian Military Commission, 4 April 1920, consisting of the following chapters: external and internal dangers; existing armed forces of Persia; military institutions and laws; existing communications and fertility of the country; financial position as affecting the army; confidential supplementary documents (ff 34-82)Minutes of the Inter-Departmental Conference on the report of the Anglo-Persian Military Commission regarding Persia’s need of armed forces (ff 28-32)Report of Joint Anglo-Persian Military Commission on the Reorganisation of the Persian Army (f 17)Examination of initial cost of carrying out the recommendations of the Anglo-Persian Military CommissionThe Military Commission and suggested modifications (ff 18-20).The correspondence in the volume is mostly internal correspondence between British officials of different departments. The principal correspondents are: Acting Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs; Director of Military Intelligence; War Office; and British Legation, Tehran.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 262; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional foliation sequences are also present.
1065. File 5301/1928 'Persia: Anglo-Persian Slavery Convention. Slavery in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence between British officials concerning agreements between the British and Persian governments related to the suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf. Much of the correspondence is between officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office and the British Legation in Tehran.Specifically, the correspondence relates to discussions concerning the drafting of an article relating to slavery in a proposed Anglo-Persian Treaty and the revision of the Anglo-Persian Slavery Convention of 1882. Specific incidents regarding slavery in the region are also discussed intermittently throughout the volume.In addition to this correspondence, the volume contains several extracts and drafts of agreements (most of which are in French) and the following documents:Foreign Policy memorandum entitled 'Anglo-Persian Slavery Convention of 1882' (folios 134-139)'Law forbidding the Purchase and Sale of Slaves on Persian Territory and according them Freedom on their Arrival in Persia (Passed by the Majlis on 18th Bahman, 1307 (February 7, 1929).)' (folio 151)India Office memorandum entitled 'Slavery in the Persian Gulf' (folios 270-271)'Treaty between Her Majesty and His Majesty the King of Italy for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade. Signed at London, September 14, 1889 - Ratifications exchanged at London, October 24, 1889' (folios 328-330)'Convention between Her Majesty and His Majesty the Shah of Persia for the Suppression of the Traffic in Slaves. Signed in the English and Persian Languages at Tehran, March 2, 1882. (Ratifications exchanged at Tehran, June 14, 1882.)' (folios 331-333).The volume includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 340; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
1066. File 5646/1918 'Persia and Mesopotamia: future telegraphic arrangements'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, telegrams and minutes, regarding the importance of re-establishing telegraphic communication between India and England via the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia [Iraq] to Mediterranean ports under British control.The papers notably cover the following: postwar reorganisation of the telegraph communication, including the rebuilding of lines, re-establishing of old routes, introducing new routes, and proposals submitted by the Indo-European Company; relations with and between the Indo-European Company, Indo-European Department and the Eastern Telegraph Company.Also included in the volume are the following documents:‘A collection of Conventions and Agreements relating to Telegraphs in Turkey in Asia, Persia, the Persian Gulf and Mekran, September 1916’ (ff 127-144)‘Indo-European Telegraph Department. Statement showing Amounts paid into and drawn out of the Indian Joint Purse by the Department to the year 1917-1918’ (f 122)‘War cabinet. Imperial Communications Committee's proposed diversion of the Indo-European Telegraph Company’s route of India’ (ff 58-65)Four maps in showing the lines of telegraphic communication between Europe and India passing through Persia [Iran] and Mesopotamia (ff 13, 14, 37 and 123).The volume comprises internal correspondence between British officials of different departments. The principal correspondents are: the Committee of Imperial Defence, Imperial Communications Committee; Sir Rayner Barker, Director-in-Chief of the Indo-European Department; the Civil Commissioner, Mesopotamia [also known as Civil Commissioner, Baghdad]; the Acting Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia; the Viceroy and Governor-General of India in Council; and the General Post Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 144; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional foliation sequences are also present. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
1067. File 566/1921 ‘Persia: military Attaché’s intelligence summaries’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is a compilation of intelligence summaries on Persia [Iran] between August 1920 and October 1923. The intelligence summaries are mostly divided into monthly or weekly reports, regarding different aspects of the social, economic and political situation in Persia. The intelligence summaries are organised by countries or cities that are politically involved with Persia, such as Russia. The summaries cover a number of matters, such as: general affairs; official appointments; the situation of the oil companies; affairs of the Persian Government; conflicts in the country; and relations between British and Persian officials.The main correspondence is between British officials and the British Military Attaché, Tehran.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 403; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
1068. File 5924/1920 Pt 1 ‘Persia: Financial Position of Persian Govt. Possibility of consolidating external debt’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, telegrams and minutes regarding British claims on their loans to Persia [Iran], and Persia’s financial affairs generally.The papers notably cover:Details of the loans, including British claims, recovery of interest owed, and regulation of paymentsCorrespondence between British authorities and the Imperial Bank of Persia regarding the Persian Government’s request for advances on a loanProposals for the reorganisation of Persian financesA speculated loan to Persia from the United States of America.The principal correspondents include: the British Legation, Tehran (correspondence sometimes comes from Gulhek [Qolhak, also written as Gula Hek], which was the Legation’s summer hill station); Sydney Rogers, Manager of the Imperial Bank of Persia; HM Treasury; and Lancelot Oliphant, Foreign Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 423; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 391-421; these numbers are written in red ink.