Abstract: ImprintHaag: Martinus Nijhoff, 1888Genre/Subject Matter:The volume contains 65 collotype prints (pasted on paper), 5 photolithographs, 4 lithographs and 1 other image. The majority of these – particularly the latter half of the volume – are group portraits of pilgrims en route to Mecca.These photographs were taken evidently in the same courtyard-like space, either at Jeddah or Mecca, where Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje was based from 1884. Although not clearly anthropometric, some of these images can be classified as ethnographic portraits.Other scenes are taken at Mecca and include some photolithographic reproductions of photographs that may have been taken by Muḥammad Ṣādiq Bey (1822 or 1823–1902 or 1903), an Egyptian army engineer who took the first photographs of Medina in 1861 and Mecca in 1880-81, whose photographic prints Hurgronje was aware of and may indeed have collected.Still more photographs may have been taken by al-Sayyid ʻAbd al-Ghaffār, Hurgronje’s working partner during his time in Mecca, and possibly sent to Hurgronje after his departure from the Arabian Peninsula in 1885.Finally, the print attributed to Siegfried Langer (1781.b.6/60) is not likely to have been taken by Langer, rather, according to Durkje van Der Wal in his publication Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje: The First Western Photographer in Mecca, 1884-1885 (Amsterdam : Manfred & Hanna Heiting Fund, Rijksmuseum, 2011, p. 40), the studio portrait was purchased and presented to Snouck Hurgronje.Elements1 Die Moschee und der nordwestliche Theil der Stadt2 Die Moschee3 Die Ka’bah4 Die H̱amīdijjah (von Othman Pascha erbautes Regierungsgebäude).5 Othman Pascha mit dem egyptischen Maẖmal.6 Die von Othman Pascha erbaute Hauptwache (links im Hintergrund èç Çafa).7 ‘Aun èr-Rafīq, Grossscherif von Mekka (1882– ).8 Othman Pascha, 1882–86 Generalgouverneur des H̱idjāz.9 Thorhüter der Ka’bah.10 Vornehmer indischer Kaufmann und türkische Beambte in Mekka.11 Vornehmner Kaufmann mit seinem cirkassischen Sklaven.12 Muhammad Abd-èl-‘Azīz, Sohn des reg. Grossscherifs13 Neffe des reg. Grossscherifs.14 Neffe des reg. Grossscherifs.15 Neffe des reg. Grossscherifs.16 Vornehmer Sèjjid in Mekka.17 Vornehmer Sèjjid in Mekka.18 Mu’èddin (Aufrufer zum Gottesdienste).19 Kātib (Schreiber) des Grossscherifs.20 Mekkanischer Arzt.21 Sohn des Arztes.22 Kinder aus der Familie der Benī Schēbah (Thorhüter der Ka’bah).23 Sèjjid in Mekka.24 Mekkaner.25 Kaufleute (Mekka und Djiddah).26 Ali Rèjjis (aus einem Geschlechte von Obersten der Mu’èddin, welches von Abdallah ibn Zubair herstammen soll).27 Mu’èddin (Aufrufer zum Gottesdienste).28 Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.29 Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.30 Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.31 Mitglieder verschiedener Scherifenfamilien in Mekka.32 Ein Stück der Kiswah (der brokanten Bekleidung der Ka’bah). ¼ der Originalgrösse.33 Negersklaven mit dem Ṯúmburah-orchester.34 Pilger aus Sukapura (Java).35 Buginesische Pilger (Celébes).36 Pilger aus Solok (Sumátra).37 Pilgerin aus Banten (Java).38 Pilger aus Baçrah.39 Pilger aus Baẖrain; in der Mitte ein Schēch aus Kabul.40 Pilger aus Zanzibar.41 Pilger aus Baghdad.42 Pilger aus Mandar (Celébes).43 Pilger aus Sumbáwa.44 Pilger aus Djapára (Java).45 Pilger aus Malang und Pasurúan (Java).46 Bettelnde Pilger aus Jèmèn.47 Pilger aus Marokko.48 Indischer Pilger.49 Derwische aus Buchara.50 Haupt der Schēche für malaiische Pilger.51 Schēch für malaiische Pilger.52 Pilger aus Moko-moko und Indrapura. (West-Sumátra.)53 Pilger aus Edi. (Nord- Sumátra.)54 Schēch der Bootsleute in Djiddah mit drei Zunftgenossen.55 Süssigkeitskrämer (Djiddah).56 Ausrufer und Mäkler (Djiddah).57 Mekkanerinn.58 Lohndiener und Eunuch mit dem Kinde seines Herrn.59 Mekkanerinn im Brautanzug.60 Damen in Haus- und Strassentoilette (Djiddah). Aufnahme von Siegfried Langer.61 Pilger aus Selahar (vulgo Saleyar).62 Pilger aus Pontianak (West-Borneo); links ein dort ansässiger Araber aus H̱adhramaut.63 Pilger aus Sambas (Borneo); hinter den Pilgern steht der Wakīl (Bevollmächtigte) des Schēchs.64 Pilger aus Martapura (Süd-Borneo).65 Pilger aus Ambon, Kei und Banda; links der Sohn eines Ambonesen mit einer Mekkanerinn.66 Pilger aus Batjan (Molukken); Sohn des Sultans, Oheim des Prinzen und ein Priester.67 Pilger aus Ternate.68 Pilger aus Palembang.69 Pilger aus Korintji (Sumátra); der hinter ihnen sitzende Schēch stammt auch aus Korintji.70 Pilger aus Mandaïling (Sumátra).71 Pilger aus Gross-Atjeh mit zwei “Wakīl’s”.72 In Mekka gebräuchliche Gegenstände.73 In Mekka gebräuchliche Gegenstände.74 In Mekka gebräuchliche Gegenstände.75 In Mekka gebräuchliche Gegenstände.InscriptionsFront fly leaf, in pencil: ‘1781.b.6’ ‘Text 10077L4’Rear fly leaf, in pencil: ‘1781.b.6’Physical description: 1 three-quarter leather, published volume (c. 82 pages), illustrated with 65 collotype prints, 5 photolithographs, 4 lithographs and 1 other image
Abstract: A secret memorandum containing an extract of a letter, received by Edward Ernest Long, former editor of the
Indian Daily Telegraph, and written by an unnamed Indian Muslim. A copy of another letter, written by Long, dated 7 July 1916, precedes the main letter, in which Long describes the views of the Muslim as being ‘pro-Young Turk’, and a ‘fair exposition’ of the views of Indian Muslims. The letter from the Indian Muslim concerns Britain’s policy of non-intervention in the Holy Places of Islam, the Arab Revolt, and the bombardment of Jeddah in the Hedjaz [Hejaz/al-Ḥijāz] by a British naval vessel on 10 June 1916. The correspondent warns that the Arab revolt may hand the Turks a moral and military advantage, and cautions against British and Allied involvement in the Hejaz.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Government of Bombay. The item relates to the 'unfriendly conduct' towards the East India Company by the Sheriffe [Sharif] of Mecca. In particular, the item is concerned with:Two separate incidents at Judda [Jeddah] during which 27 pieces of broad cloth which belonged to the Company were taken from the brig
Fattah Mobarukand customs duties were charged to John Benzoni, Assistant to the British Agent in the Persian Gulph [Gulf], on goods which he left at Judda and later collectedThe Government of Bombay's attempts to ascertain the standard customs duties exacted on goods at Judda and whether the Sheriffe has deviated from these regular ratesAccounts and reports provided by Benzoni, the Sheriffe of Mecca, the Nakhoda [Captain] of the brig
Fattah Mobarukand J [Humruss], a man who has knowledge of the customs duties at Judda and is called upon by the Customs Master at Surat to provide information on this topicThe conflicting reports of Benzoni and the SheriffeThe possible punishments that the Government of Bombay could apply to the Sheriffe as a consequence of his conduct.Benzoni's correspondence also refers briefly to a draft Treaty relating to trade that he has concluded with the Pasha of Egypt.Correspondents: Government of Bombay; Captain Henry Rudland, Agent in the Gulph of Arabia; Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to Government of Bombay; Richard Thomas Goodwin, Secretary and Translator in the Office of the Country Correspondence; Nathan Crowe, Chief at Surat; George Cumming Osborne, Secretary to Government of Bombay; John Benzoni, Assistant to the British Agent in the Persian Gulph; D C Ramsay, Custom Master at Surat; James Farish, Deputy Secretary to Government of Bombay; J [Humruss], Merchant(?); Sheriffe Ghalib of Mecca [Ghālib ibn Musā’id al-Hāshimi, Sharīf of Mecca]; Jonathan Duncan, Governor of Bombay.Rudland is alternatively referred to within the item as the Political Agent at Mocha and the British Agent in the Persian Gulph.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Political No. 21, Season 1814/15, Draft 20' and 'Examiner's Office November 1812'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 112, and terminates at f 144, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: 'G[eographical].S[ection].G[eneral].S[taff].' Series 4011, Sheet 'Medina-Mecca', Second Provisional Sheet, being a 'reprint of the First Provisional Issue with large corrections'. A compilation note cites other GSGS mapping and an Admiralty chart as source material. Covers the southern Hejaz in present-day Saudi Arabia, from the Red Sea coast to 160 miles inland, and includes routes to Mecca from, notably, Medina, Jidda [Jeddah] and Yenbo. Portrays hydrology, relief by spot heights and hachures, depth by soundings, railways, roads and tracks, telegraphs, settlements and place names, and includes topographical and navigational notes. Manuscript additions, dated 1916, portray troop and gun dispositions, and supplementary route information.The verso bears the annotation 'Arabia, Red Sea, Rabegh [Rabigh]'.Physical description: Materials: Printed, with manuscript additions in coloured ink and crayonDimensions: 885 x 808mm, on sheet 1145 x 890mm
Abstract: The item contains two Political Letters and one extract of a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors. It is the first in a series of five items relating to the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people] in the Persian Gulf and on the Arabian Peninsula.The first letter, dated 31 January 1850, relates to the recent mission undertaken by Lieutenant Adams, Commanding Company schooner
Constance, to Judda [Jeddah]. Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden, asked Adams to make enquiries about alleged 'slave trade' activity there by a shopkeeper from Bombay [Mumbai] and to investigate complaints against the Turkish [Ottoman] authorities by British subjects at Judda. Enclosures to this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2442/134095.The second letter, dated 1 October 1851, relates to correspondence from Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Henell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, regarding suppression of the 'slave trade' in the Gulf and methods used by vessels engaging in the trade to escape detection by Company ships. Enclosures to this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2442/134097 and IOR/F/4/2442/134098.The extract of a letter, dated 31 October 1851, relates to the Imam [Imām] of Muscat's subjects continuing in the 'slave trade', as well as further updates on the alleged activity at Judda. The extract also contains extracts from a previous letter from the Court of Directors, most likely to the Government of Bombay, dated 27 March 1850. Enclosures to this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2442/134096.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 17 of 1852', 'Collection in 5 Volumes', 'Vol: 1', and 'Examiner's Office'. The number of volumes was originally given as '4' but this has been crossed out and replaced with '5'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 663, and terminates at f 667, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the Government of Bombay.The item consists of correspondence regarding an application by the Pasha of Egypt [Muḥammad ʻAlī Pāshā] to procure or purchase two armed ships from the East India Company with the intention of sending an expedition to recover Judda [Jeddah], Mecca and Medina from the Wahabees [Wahhabis]. The application was made through Captain Rudland, British Resident in Mocha, and his assistant John Benzoni, Assistant to the British Agency in the Red Sea. The correspondence also concerns the general desire of the Pasha to strengthen connections with the British Government and the potential advantages and disadvantages of such a relationship.The correspondence consists mainly of letters between Captain Rudland, John Benzoni and the Government of Bombay. The other correspondents are: Governor-General and Council at Fort William; Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay; Court of Directors of the East India Company.The Pasha is alternatively referred to in the item as: Mahomed Ally Bashaw; Bashaw; Pacha; Viceroy of Egypt.Captain Rudland is alternatively referred to in the item as: Agent in the Gulph [Gulf] of Arabia; British Agent in the Persian Gulph.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Political No. 22, Season 1814/15, Draft 20' and 'Examiner's Office November 1812'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 145, and terminates at f 154, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes, and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 21 May 1853, and found at IOR/F/4/2536/147461. It is the second in a series of seven items about the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people].The item contains an extract of a letter from the Court of Directors to the Government of Bombay, dated 21 January 1852, concerning the recent investigation by Lieutenant Adams into the sale of enslaved women at Judda [Juddah] and a related allegation against a nacoda [nakhuda], Mahomed bin Mahomed Bhagshwar [Muḥammad bin Muḥammad Bāgeshwar or Baghshūr? Also rendered in text as Baghsmer and Baghswer]. The item also contains the subsequent minutes and resolutions made by the Government, as well as copies of letters sent out to Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden, and the Acting Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay. Additionally, the item contains the response from Haines, which gives brief details on where enslaved people are taken from and where they are sold.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', Draft Number '161 1854', 'Collection', 'Vol: 2', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the Collection was described as 'No. 5 of No. 63 of 1853' but this has been crossed out.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 773, and terminates at f 777, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 31 January 1850, and found at IOR/F/4/2442/134094. It is the second in a series of five items relating to the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people] in the Persian Gulf and on the Arabian Peninsula.The item relates to the results of a recent mission to Juddah [Jeddah] by Lieutenant G N Adams, Commanding the Company schooner
Constance. It includes:Details about his investigation into the alleged sale of enslaved people at Juddah organised by Haj Rijeb Ali [Ḥājjī Rajab ‘Alī al-Hirātī], a shopkeeper in Bombay [Mumbai], and carried out by this man's agent, Syud Abdulla [Sayyid ‘Abdullāh]Names and status of the people alleged to have been sold, as well as transcripts of interviews with them and with Syud AbdullaStatements provided by witnesses in Bombay and Juddah, including Mahomed ibn Abdool Russool [Muḥammad bin ‘Abd al-Rasūl]Instructions sent by Haj Rijeb Ali to Syud AbdullaDetails about Adams's investigation into complaints made by British Indian merchants regarding their poor treatment at the hands of the Turkish [Ottoman] authorities at JuddahDiscussions regarding the failure of the Turkish Government at Juddah to return the salute of a Company steamerSummaries of conversations Adams had with Alexander Ogilvie, the British Vice Consul at Juddah, and Hasyb Mohamed Pashah [Ḥasīb Muḥammad Pāshā], Governor of the Hedjaz [Hejaz], as well as copies of their correspondenceConcerns that the enslaved people interviewed were coached by Syud Abdulla and that Hasyb Mohamed Pashah was given money by a broker involved in the alleged saleBrief updates on Mocha.The item also contains:Comments on Adams's reports by the Government of Bombay and by Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Captain in the Indian Navy and Political Agent at Aden, who had originally requested naval officers to investigate the above casesGovernor of Bombay's instructions to the Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay, to pursue further lines of enquiry into the alleged sale and requesting details about the process of examining vessels before their departure from BombayGovernor of Bombay's request to the Commodore and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy, that naval officers' political reports should be sent direct to political, rather than naval, authorities.As well as the above, correspondents include: Shaim Ackmut Effendi [Chaim or Ḥāyyīm Aḥmad Effendī], Officiating Governor at Juddah; Khawaja Thomas [Khawājah Tūmā Mekalakki?], merchant; and Charles Augustus Murray, HM Consul General in Egypt.The item contains multiple spellings of multiple personal names and place names.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 17 of 1852', 'Collection', Vol: 2', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the reference read 'Collection No 1 of No 9', but 'No 1 of No 9' has been crossed out.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 668, and terminates at f 698, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: Plan of the port of Jedda. The plan indicates hydrology and settlements, and provides some indication of relief.Includes the following printing statement: 'Produced under the Superintendence of Rear-Admiral J.A. Edgell, C.B., O.B.E., Hydrographer.' Prepared by naval staff in the Admiralty's Naval Intelligence Division.Physical description: Materials: Printed in colour on paper.Dimensions: 300 x 207mm, on sheet 328 x 251mm.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes, which are enclosures to an extract of a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 3 October 1849. A copy of this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2343/123024.The item relates to instructions provided by Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Captain in the Indian Navy and Political Agent at Aden, to Lieutenant Adams, Commander of the Constance. The instructions are to travel to Mocha, Judda [Jeddah], Mussowah [Massawa], Hodeida [Al Hudaydah], and Mocha again before returning to Aden. His mission is to gather information following reports of enslaved women being sold at Judda by Hadji Rujub Ali Heerattee [Ḥājjī Rajab ‘Alī al-Hirātī, also rendered in text as Hudje Rujub Ali Heeratee], a shopkeeper resident of Bombay [Mumbai], and to bring the women back to Aden, if they can be located. In Haines's instructions, he mentions relevant information, including names of people involved and details provided by witnesses. He also requests Adams to arrange for despatches to be sent to Mr Plowdin [Walter Plowden], Consul in Abyssinia.The item also contains minutes by members of the Government of Bombay Council, commenting on Haines's instructions.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 189 of 1850', 'Vol: 6', 'Collection No 1 of No 103', and 'Examiner's Office'. The title page also contains a note: 'In the Secret Dep[artmen]t there is a further letter from Capt[ain] Haines on this subject dated De[cembe]r 10.'Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 163, and terminates at f 168, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Lieutenant Adams, commanding the East India Company sloop of war
Constance; Alexander Ogilvie, British Vice-Consul at Judda [Jeddah]; Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden; and Khawaja Thoma Mercalachi [Khawājā Tūmā Mekalakki], a British Indian merchant at Judda.The item concerns complaints by merchants at Judda, who are British subjects, that they are being treated unjustly in the absence of the British Vice-Consul at Judda, and the investigation of Adams into these incidents, which include:Requests for excessive customs duty, contrary to treatiesRequests for additional feesThreats of violence against merchantsTheft of items from customs housesRefusal to allow the merchants to unload rum or ganja.Adams also complains of a salute from a British ship not being returned by the shore battery at Judda.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft no 334 of 1850’, and ‘Coll[ection] 5’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 423, and terminates at f 455 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of enclosures to political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] to the East India Company Court of Directors. The item relates to:The prohibition on the part of Ibrahim Pasha [Ibrāhīm Pasha Kavali], Commander in Chief of the Egyptian army in Yemen, of the sale of coffee at Mocha to British merchants and efforts by Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Commander of the Company ship
Palinurus, to reverse this orderGeneral concerns about the Egyptians’ growing monopoly of the trade at MochaA charge levied against Surat merchants at Mocha for 1300 dollars by order of the Pasha, contested by Haines on the basis that the charge was based on a one-off gift made years before by the Surat merchants and that this current charge contradicts the 1821 treaty agreed with the present Imaum of Sennar [Imam of Sana'a], the relevant article of which is cited at folio 393A report by John Croft Hawkins, Commander of the Company ship
Clive, on the state of affairs of Egyptian and Turkish activity in Juddah [Jeddah] and the Hedjay [Hejaz].As well as the above, correspondents include: Charles Sloam, Acting Consul General of Egypt; Kurimbhaee Ibrahimjee [Karīmbhā'ī Ibrāhīmjī], Acting Native Agent at Mocha; and Sir Charles Malcolm, Superintendent of the Indian Navy.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 1979, Collection No. 4, Draft 609, 1837’ and ‘Examiner's Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 384, and terminates at f 405, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.