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25. Coll 28/60(2) ‘Persia; Treatment of Foreigners; Position of British subjects, British Consular Representatives, etc.,’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers concerning the ill-treatment of British subjects in Persia [Iran] by the Persian authorities. The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/60(1) ‘Persia. Treatment of Foreigners; Position of British subjects, and British Consular Representatives, etc.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3466). The file covers: the treatment and deportation of British subjects (Berberis, or Hazara Khawari) from the Khorasan province of Persia into neighbouring British India (Pakistan); an incident occurring in 1938 in which a bus carrying British consular officials was commandeered by an officer of the Persian military; claims of discrimination against British subjects in Meshed [Mashhad]; a boycott imposed upon the British Consulate at Meshed by the Persian Government; correspondence describing the general attitude of the Persian authorities towards British persons in Persia; a ‘Report on the Attitude towards the British in Persia in March 1938’, written by Lieutenant Ian Hallam Lyall-Grant of the Royal Engineers (ff 134-142).The file’s principal correspondents are: Nevile Montagu Butler of the British Legation in Tehran; HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Horace James Seymour; HM’s Consul at Meshed, Giles Frederick Squire; Charles William Baxter and Herbert Lacy Baggallay of the Foreign Office; the Government of India.The file contains a single item in Persian, a typewritten letter (accompanied by English translation) from the British Embassy in Tehran to the Iranian Minister for Foreign Affairs, dated 23 April 1947 (f 5).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 304; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
26. Coll 28/7 ‘Persia. Diaries: Meshed/Khorasan Commercial: Jany 1931–Dec. 1940 (Inclusive.)’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed and typewritten monthly commercial reports for Meshed (also spelt Meshad) [Mashhad], renamed and enlarged from October 1933 to cover the Khorassan (also spelt Khorasan) [Khorāsān] district. The reports were produced by the British Government’s representative in the region, referred to variously as: the Consul General and Agent of the Government of India in Khorassan; the Consul General, Meshed; the Consul General for Khorassan (Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett; Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly; Captain Everard Huddleston Gastrell; Captain Giles Frederick Squire).The monthly reports, which begin as one-page written summaries and evolve over time to become comprehensive statistical surveys, provide an overview of the region’s trade. They contain remarks on the trade in various raw and manufactured goods, including: carpets, wool, cotton, skins, tea, sugar, rice, dried fruits, almonds, opium, piece goods and haberdashery. The reports also contain remarks on: rates of exchange, transport rates, the activities of foreign agents and manufacturing companies, manufacturing production, the general mood amongst traders, the state of the market. Later reports contain statistical tables on trade, including imports and exports via Zahidan [Zahedan]. Up until mid-1935, minute papers are included in front of most reports, containing report summaries written by India Office staff.Some topical issues affecting trade are touched upon in the reports: changing relations between Persia [Iran] and Russia, including a trade boycott in late 1932, and a trade agreement in 1940; the Persian Government’s creation of monopoly companies in the mid-1930s; Second World War trade, including lists of goods reported to have been sent to Germany.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 670; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-669; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
27. Coll 28/7(2) ‘Persia Diaries: Khorasan and Zahidan Commercial. Jan 1941 –’
- Description:
- Abstract: Copies of monthly commercial reports for the Khorasan [Khorāsān] district of Iran, submitted by Britain’s Consul-General for Khorasan at Meshed [Mashhad]. The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/7 ‘Persia. Diaries: Meshed/Khorasan Commercial: Jany 1931–Dec. 1940 (Inclusive.)’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3401).Papers for each monthly report include:Cover sheets, with lists of recipients of copies of each month’s report.The report, containing lists of the chief items of imports and exports with quantities and prices, average wholesale prices at Zahedan for principal commodities (imports and exports), miscellaneous notes on trade, exchange and freight rates, low and high temperatures.Statements of imports into Iran via Zahedan, exports from Iran via Zahedan, and comparative statements of imports of British origin and from foreign sources into Zahedan.The file also includes:A report entitled Annual Report Economic “A”written by the British Vice-Consulate at Zahedan (Major R P Watts), dated 15 June 1942, containing summaries on finances, foreign trade, agriculture, industry, transport, and state undertakings (ff 451-453).A report entitled E conomic Report “A”written by the Consul-General at Khorasan (H A N Barlow, f 450).The reports provide evidence of the impact upon trade in the region of significant contemporary events, including: the Second World War; the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in August 1941; changes to Iranian economic policy; deteriorating relations between Russia and the United States in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War; events in the Punjab and Pakistan in the wake of Indian Independence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 547; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
28. Correspondence, telegrams and notes on Persia, 1917-1919: Eastern Persian Cordon
- Description:
- Abstract: The papers in this file relate to the Eastern Persia Cordon.The papers include: the telegram from the British Consul in Sistan on road-making (18 October 1918); The number of British officers in the Sistan and Khorasan Levy Corps (29 October 1918); the possibility of recruiting Hazara men for the Sistan Levy Corps (2 November 1918); the transfer of 100 men from the Sistan Levy Corps to the Khorasan Levy Corps (18 November 1918); the decision to halt and redeploy the six squadrons en route to Meshed [Mashhad] (8 November 1918); the original purpose of the East Persia Cordon and Turkey's 'secession' from the War (8 November 1918); the monthly report on the number of officers and men in the Khorasan Levy Corps (8 December 1918); a telegram from Sir Percy Cox on the Government of India's decision to take control of, and the Government of Persia's claim of ownership over the Sistan-Mashhad Telegraph Line (27 January 1919); the placement of all troops up to Mashhad (except those of General Wilfrid Malleson) under the command of the General Officer Commanding, 4th (Quetta) Division (23 September 1918); the Secretary of State for India's approval for the extension of the railway to Karegi Narwar (21 August 1918); the approval for the formation of an (Indian) Ford Motor Van Company in Sistan (7 June 1918); the plan for the maintenance of the extended British Cordon from Birjand to Mashhad (7 June 1918); the General Officer Commanding, Sistan, Birjand on the disposition of the Sistan Force (2 March 1918); a telegram from Sir Charles Marling on the death of a Russian merchant (20 April 1918); the departure of 1 Squadron Cavalry from Birjand and a clash with certain Baharlu 'raiders', the raids carried out by Isma’il Khan Qashqa’i, Sawlat al-Dawla and his followers in the environs of Lar, because of tensions between Sawlat and Habib Allah Khan Qavam al-Mulk Shirazi (2 March 1918); the departure of the Cossacks from Mashhad, arrival of British troops at Turbat-i Haydari, and confirmation of the existence of telephone communications as far as the latter location (1 March 1918); a telegram by Marling on the sanitary cordon between Kariz and Turbat-i Haydari (25 February 1918); the punitive measures taken against the tribesmen in Fars and the coastal districts of Persia, withdrawal of the regular garrison from Bandar ‘Abbas and its takeover by the South Persia Rifles, construction of the Bandar ‘Abbas-Kerman road, and the strength of the Sistan Levy Corps (14 February 1918); the appointment of Lieutenant-Colonel G A Dale to the temporary rank of Brigadier-General (14 January 1918); the supply of sixty Ford vans from Egypt to Bombay for service in East Persia (21 January 1918); and a 'Note Regarding Eastern Persia' by R H Headley (25 December 1917).Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 38; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present between ff 16-34; these numbers are written in coloured crayon.
29. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 14 Jul 1824
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to George Canning, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, sent from Sultanieh [Soltānīyeh] and dated 8 July 1824.Subjects covered in the letter include:Events in KhorasanThe rumoured death of the Khan of Khiva Mahomed Raheem Khan [Muhammad Rahīm Bahādur Khān I]The dismissal of Mahomed Reza Mirza [Muhammad Rezā Mīrzā] as Governor of GilanAn earthquake on 2 June which caused extensive damage in Cazroon [Kāzerūn] and elsewhereA reported act of ‘piracy’ in the Gulf originating from Sharga [Sharjah]Conflict in Arabia between the Wahabees [Wahhabis] and the forces of Mahomed Ali Pasha [Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha, Wāli of Egypt].The letter was enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 14 July 1824 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/186).Physical description: The letter was perforated in an attempt to stop the spread of disease.
30. Enclosure in Letter from Henry Willock to the Secret Committee of 20 Apr 1824
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Persia [Iran], to George Canning, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, sent from Tehran and dated 20 April 1824.The letter concerns internal affairs in Persia, in particular:The ascendancy of Abdulla Khan Ameen ed Dowleh [‘Abdullāh Khān Amīn al-Dawlah] at CourtThe efforts of Mirza Abdul Wahab [Mīrzā Abdul Wahāb Nishāt Isfāhānī] and Ali Nukee Mirza [‘Ali Naqī Mīrzā Rokn al-Dawlah] to pacify KhorasanA proposal by some Khorasan chiefs to annexe Herat.The letter was enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 20 April 1824 (IOR/L/PS/9/69/184).Physical description: 1 item (5 folios)
31. Abstract of rukums from the Shah of Persia to the Prince of Shiraz
- Description:
- Abstract: An abstract of two rukums [raqms, chancery letters] from Futteh Aly Shah [Fatḥ-‘Alī Shāh Qājār, Shāh of Persia] to the Prince Regent of Shiraz [Ḥusayn ‘Alī Mīrzā Farmānfarmā, Prince-Governor of Fars], sent from Subzewar [Sabzevar] and dated 9 and 12 Moharram/1 and 4 June 1800.The abstract reports on the progress of the Shah’s campaign in Khorassan [Khorasan], including the submission to the Shah of all local rulers except the rulers of Meshed [Mashhad] and Chenneron [Chenaran], troop movements, and the expected arrival of Afghan envoys at the Shah’s camp.The abstract is signed Captain John Malcolm, Envoy of the Governor-General of Bengal to Persia [Iran], and dated Shiraz, 29 June 1800.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
32. Notes and correspondence on the situation in East Persia and the Malleson Mission
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to the situation in East Persia and the Malleson Mission (1918-21). It includes papers on the following subjects:A collection of papers titled 'Expenditure on [the] Malleson Mission and Troops in East Persia', including: a memorandum from the India Office Political Department on planned politico-military missions to Kashgar [Qashqar] and Meshed [Mashhad] to 'work in allied interests [,] and combat German and Turkish propaganda' on the model of General Lionel Dunsterville's organisation Dunsterforce, previously deployed to the North Caucasus; a memorandum by the Chancellor of the Exchequer on which government department should bear the expenses for Malleson's Mission in countering 'German-Bolshevik developments in Central Asia', with reflections on the German promotion of Pan-Turanism and Pan-Islamism which, together with Bolshevism were perceived as posing a 'direct menace' to the security of India, since they could conceivably 'enlist the forces of religion in the armies of political and social discontent'; correspondence to date between the India Office, HM Treasury and the War Office (including from Secretary of State for War, Winston S Churchill) concerning the Chancellor's memorandum, together with thirty-two appendices on expenditures preceding the Chancellor's memorandum and the military and political telegrams referred to in the collection on 'Expenditures' (January 1921); the lack of financial resources to continue the Malleson Mission in Trans-Caspia (December 1918); the criticism by Lovat Fraser of expenditures on the Mission in the Daily Mail(July 1920); the assumption of the Mission's current roles to 'encourage resistance in Persia to Pan-Islamic and Bolshevik influences' and offer 'moral support to Transcaspians by threatening [the] flank and rear of [the] Bolshevik advance towards Krasnovodsk [Turkmenbashi]' by a 'Persian Force to be raised under the terms of the recent agreement', together with the existing Seistan Levy Corps and Khorasan Levy Corps, and the 'intelligence work' to be carried out by a 'small organisation' based at Meshed (September 1919).Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 35; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
33. File 2612/1912 Pt 1 ‘Tehran Sanitary Council’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains part 1 of papers from and about the Tehran Sanitary Council (also referred to as the Conseil Sanitaire de l’Empire de Perse). It chiefly comprises copies of the proceedings (in French) of the 99 through to the 127 meetings of the Council, forwarded by the British Ambassador at Tehran (Sir George Head Barclay; Sir Walter Beaupre Townley) to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey), and then forwarded by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Under-Secretary of State for India.The proceedings detail reports of epidemics (including plague, cholera, malaria) occurring in Persia and its neighbours (including the Persian Gulf, Russia, India), and measures taken to implement quarantine and vaccination measures to prevent their spread. In the reports, recurring mention is made of epidemics in Kermanshah [Kermānshāh], Khorassan [Khorāsān], Bouchir [Bushire] and Astrakhan. Interspersed with the meeting proceedings are copies of British Government correspondence, chiefly in the form of detailed accounts of the meetings, written by Dr Anthony Richard Neligan, physician at the British Legation in Tehran, who attended meetings in his capacity as Doctor of the Legation (Médecins de Légations).The part includes a divider which gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (f 3).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 208; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
34. File 52/1912 Pt 1 'Persia Diaries'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains copies of the weekly diary of the British Military Attaché in Meshed [Mashhad]; the weekly consular diary of Britain's Consul in Khorasan; and the weekly consular diary of the Consul for Sistan and Kain.The reports of the Military Attaché in Meshed are divided into the following sections: Communications, Telegraphs, Navigation, Ethnography, Administration, Geography, History, Military and Resources. The Consular diaries are less formulaic and more varied in content, but all contain a political summary.On folio 344, the volume contains a copy of an illustration that depicts the bombardment of the Imam Reza Shrine in Mashhad by Russian forces that took place in 1912. A translation of the Farsi poem that appears around the illustration is contained on folio 343.The volume includes a divider which gives the year that the subject file was opened and the subject heading. This divider is placed at the front of the volume.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 448; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
35. File 52/1912 Pt 2 'Persia Diaries'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains copies of the weekly Meshed [Mashhad] Intelligence Summary, the weekly diary of the British Military Attaché in Meshed [Mashhad]; the weekly consular diary of Britain's Consul in Khorasan; and the weekly consular diary of the Consul for Sistan and Kain.These reports contain details related to regional political and military developments including the movement of Russian forces, news of the First World War, the movement of Austrian prisoners of war that have escaped from Russia, and Russian settlers in Persia. The reports also discuss local outbreaks of violence and crime and internal political developments in Persia including the appointment of government officials and their movements/activities.On folio 108, the volume contains a cutting from The Daily Chronicleregarding Austrian prisoners of war in Southern Russia.The volume includes a divider which gives the year that the subject file was opened and the subject heading. This divider is placed at the front of the volume.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 603; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top centre of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 469-513 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front cover, nor does it include the two leading flyleaves. A small insert is attached to f 67 and has been labelled as 67A and counted as a fold-out.
36. File 52/1912 Pt 3 'Persia Diaries'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains copies of the weekly Meshed [Mashhad] Intelligence Summary; the weekly consular diary of Britain's Consul in Khorasan; and the weekly consular diary of the Consul for Sistan and Kain.These reports contain details related to regional political and military developments including the movement of Russian forces, news of the First World War, events in Afghanistan and 'Russian Turkistan' as well as the Russian Revolution of 1917.The reports also discuss local outbreaks of violence, crime, and internal political developments in Persia including the appointment of government officials and their movements/activities as well as news regarding an influenza epidemic in Persia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 556; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.