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37. 'File 38/9 P.C.L. - Ras Al Khaimah Concession'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to the granting of a concession to Petroleum Concessions Limited for the right to explore for oil in the Shaikhdom of Ras Al Khaimah.The file contains a copy of agreement signed between the British Government and Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited in 1938 (folios 8-9), copies in English and Arabic of an exploration permit for Ras Al Khaimah that was granted to Petroleum Concessions Limited in 1938 (folios 11-14) and an agreement signed between Shaikh Sultan bin Salem Al Qasimi, the ruler of Ras Al Khaimah and Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited in 1945.The majority of the correspondence in the file is between British officials and oil company executives and is in English, but the file also contains some correspondence with Shaikh Sultan that is in Arabic (with English translations).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 100; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-88; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
38. ‘File B/12 SEIZURE OF A RAS-AL-KHAIMAH BOAT AT SIRRI ISLAND’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file begins with correspondence in 1935 reporting the seizure of a dhow belonging to nakuda Salim bin Abdullah, a subject of Ras al Khaimah, by a large group of Arab inhabitants of Sirri Island, led by Ubaid bin Khalfan al Aqrubi. As a result of their enquiries, the British authorities in the Persian Gulf conclude that the seizure of the Ras al Khaimah dhow at Sirri Island in November 1935 was an act of retaliation by the islanders against the intervention of Shaikh Sultan bin Salim [Al Qasimi, Shaikh Sultan bin Salim] the Ruler of Ras al Khaimah some years earlier, in a dispute over inheritance involving one of his subjects, who was a relative and beneficiary of the estate of the deceased wife of Ubaid bin Khalfan al Aqrubi. The main correspondents investigating the incident are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, both the Political Agent and the Assistant Political Agent at Bahrain, and the Residency Agent at Sharjah whose reports are in Arabic as well as in English. Their correspondence includes both Arabic and English copies of letters and a statement made by Shaikh Sultan bin Salim the Ruler of Ras al Khaimah, and also of a witness statement made by the nakuda Salim bin Abdullah. The file ends with correspondence in 1936 relating to the settlement of the disputed inheritance and the return of the seized dhow to its owner, with the assistance of the Iranian authorities. Included in the latter correspondence are letters exchanged between officials at the British Legation in Tehran and both the Foreign Office and India Office in London, as well as a letter (in English translation) from the Iranian Minister for Foreign Affairs at Tehran, regarding the attitude of the British Government towards the Iranian Government’s claim to sovereignty over Sirri Island.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 79; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-69; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
39. ‘File B/13 Papers about an Indian who was murdered by a Shihuhi cameleer’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the reporting and investigation of the murder of a Mohammedan and British Indian subject at Al Shagi in the territory of Ras al Khaimah, on 6 January 1936. The murder victim, who was never identified, had travelled to the Trucial Coast from Karachi via Muscat and Diba, on his way to Dubai. The alleged murderer was identified as his hired travelling companion, the camel driver Abdullah bin Salim bin Malkash of Diba and a member of the Shihuh [Shiḥūḥ] Tribe, in the jurisdiction of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and under the governorship of the Wali of Khasab. The Shihuh Shaikh Muhammad bin Mahdi and his tribe, who were living at Bai’ah near Diba, successfully resisted attempts by the British and Muscat authorities to force them to surrender the alleged murderer who, although never prosecuted, was later reported to have died at Diba in April 1939, after being bitten by his camel. The main correspondents are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Residency Agent at Sharjah, whose reports are in Arabic as well as English. Included in the correspondence are three letters in Arabic written respectively by Shaikh Sultan bin Salim the Ruler of Ras al Khaimah [Al Qasimi, Shaikh Sultan bin Salim], Rashid al Abdullah the Chief of Rab Rab village in Ras al Khaimah territory, and Muhammad bin Salman, an inhabitant of the Trucial Coast.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 88; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-87; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
40. 'File 0223 Ras Al Khaimah Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the affairs of Ra's al-Khaymah. The correspondence is mostly between the British Agency at Sharjah, the Political Agency at Bahrain, the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf at Bahrain, the Shaikh of Ra's al-Khaymah (Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī, later Saqr bin Muḥammad Āl Qasimī) and his brother (Muḥammad bin Sālim Āl Qasimī), and the Foreign Office.The papers cover numerous matters, including:the limits of the Shaikh's territory;the restoration of the British government's support to Ra's al-Khaymah (it had been withdrawn following Shaikh Sultan's lack of cooperation over a concession agreement with Petroleum Concessions Limited in 1938);Shaikh Sultan's claim over Tamb Island and the British government's desire for his flag to be permanently flown there;the 1946 conflict and subsequent stand-off between Shaikh Sultan and his brother, Muḥammad bin Sālim, which eventually resulted in the coup carried out by Muḥammad's son, Saqr, in early 1948;the recognition by the British of Saqr bin Muḥammad Āl Qasimī as the Shaikh of Ra's al-Khaymah;a complaint by Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Sulaiman, Shaikh of Bakha, of aggression by the people of Sha'am.Folio 121 is a genealogical chart of the Jowasim [Qawāsim] lineage.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 142; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-141; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
41. 'File 1/A/37 I Shaikh of Ras Al Khaimah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence and documents related to Britain's relationship with the ruler of R'as al-Khaymah, Shaikh Sultan bin Salim al-Qasimi, and the contested ownership of Tamb/Tumb [Tunb] island.Much of the correspondence in the file is between the Political Residency in Bushire and the Residency Agent in Sharjah (in Arabic with English translations). The file also contains correspondence between Shaikh Sultan and the Political Residency in Bushire.The file contains the following documents:'Persian Claim to Tamb and Abu Musa' - a memorandum written by Dan Lascelles of the Foreign Office, 1934 (folio 107-114);a note on the ownership of Tamb prepared by the Political Residency in Bushire, 1935 (folios 167-168);'Note on Arab Custom of Holding Property "in Common"' written by Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, Political Agent in Kuwait, 1935 (folios 182-186).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 278; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 6-254; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
42. 'File 1/A/37 Shaikh of Ras Al Khaimah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence concerning relations between Britain and the ruler of Ras Al Khaimah [Ra's al-Khaymah], Shaikh Sultan bin Salim Āl Qāsimī.The correspondence in the file is between British officials from the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agency in Bahrain and the Native Agency in Sharjah as well as with Shaikh Sultan directly (in Arabic with English translations).Much of the correspondence relates to Shaikh Sultan's perceived 'discourtesy' towards the British authorities, notably an incident in 1937 when W G Agnew, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, called on Ra's al-Khaymah and the Shaikh was not there to receive him (despite having been officially informed of the visit previously). An account of the incident written by Agnew is contained on folio 118.The correspondence also discusses a number of other issues including Shaikh Salim's desire for a steamer to regularly visit Ra's al Khaymah, the possibility of a geologist visiting Ra's al-Khaymah and his relations with Muscat.The file also contains a limited amount of correspondence from Yusuf bin Ahmed Kanoo, a Bahraini merchant who acted as an intermediary between the British authorities and Shaikh Sultan.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 336. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 4-333; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
43. ‘File XXVIII/10 REPORT ON PRESENT CONDITIONS IN MUSCAT AND DEALINGS OF THE STATE WITH THE TRIBES NOMINALLY UNDER IT.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of reports and diaries circulated between British Officials. The reports are concerned mainly with internal affairs in Muscat and Oman. The British Political Agent and Consul at Muscat reports to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, on the present conditions in Muscat and the situation of failure between the state and the tribes nominally under it. The Political Agent also provides half-yearly statements of the revenue of the Muscat State finance along with comments on Bertram Sidney Thomas’ financial reports.Among other issues included in the reports are:the news of collecting zakat(alms) money from various regions in Oman and Muscat and people’s reaction to thatShaikh ‘Isa bin Salih’s diplomacy in bringing conflicting tribes togetherthe clashes between the two main Omani factions, the Hanawi and the Ghafirithe Wahhabis’ occupation of al-Buraimi in the1800s, and how they influenced some of the tribes of al-Dhahira region who still identify themselves as Wahhabisthe relation between the Sultan of Muscat and Shaikh 'Isa bin Salih al-Harthi and his father Shaikh Salih bin Ali before himthe issue of succession of Sultan Taimur bin Faisalthe need of the British to protect al-Buraimi from the Wahhabisa summary of the history of Oman, its Ibadhisect, the establishment of the Imama(religious leadership) and the ruling family founded in 1744the rebellions of 1895 and 1913The last report in the file is of the visit of the Senior Naval Officer to the Trucial Coast in May 1931, and his notes on the internal affairs in Ras al-Khaimah and Dubai.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 59; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
44. 'File 22/21 Shaikh Sultan bin Salim of Ras-Al-Khaimah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding political developments in Ras Al Khaimah [Ra's al-Khaymah], particularly regarding its ruler, Shaikh Sultan bin Salim Āl Qāsimī.The correspondence discusses tensions and sporadic conflict that arose between Shaikh Sultan and members of his family, primarily with his brother Muhammad bin Salim (and his sons). In 1948, this conflict resulted in Shaikh Sultan's nephew, Shaikh Saqr bin Muhammad bin Salim, seizing the town (with permission of its inhabitants) and replacing Shaikh Sultan as its ruler.The subsequent correspondence in the file discusses Shaikh Saqr's recognition as ruler by the British and their attempts to detain and punish Shaikh Sultan for his actions.The file contains a mixture of internal correspondence between British officials that is in English, but also holds a large number of letters from local rulers that are in Arabic (with English translations).On folio 83, the file contains a family tree of the Jawasim (Āl Qawāsim ), the rulers of Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah and Kalba.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 315; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top centre of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-292; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence between ff 104-314, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
45. Despatches Relating to Expeditions to the Persian Gulph, 1819-1821
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises copies and extracts of correspondence, with enclosures, relating to the Persian Gulph [Persian Gulf] Expedition of 1819 against the Joasmees [al-Qāsimī] at Rasul Khyma [Ra's al-Khaymah, various spellings in this volume] who the British deemed guilty of acts of ‘piracy’ in the region. The correspondence is between the Government of Bombay [Mumbai], at Bombay Castle, and the Court of Directors in London.The volume broadly covers three subjects, as follows:1. The period April 1814 to November 1819, leading up to the expedition and during which acts of ‘piracy’ were being committed in the Persian Gulph and along the coasts of Scind [Sindh] and Cutch [Kutch]. Matters covered include:Reports of captured trade vessels, mostly from IndiaDeployment of British naval patrols and stations to protect trade between India and the GulphA visit by the Resident at Bushire [Būshehr], William Bruce, to Rasul Khyma, to remonstrate with the JoasmeesA visit by Captain Lock, Commander of the Eden, to Bahrein [Bahrain] to investigate reports of the sale of Indian and European women prisoners at the island, and a subsequent prisoner exchange.2. The 1819 expedition. Matters covered include:The background to the decision to send the expeditionPreparations for and objectives of the expeditionThe progress and eventual success of the expeditionThe signing of the 1820 General Treaty with the Arab Tribes of the Persian GulfDiscussion of what to do with the former possessions of the JoasmeesThe establishment of a political agency and naval station on the Island of Kishma [Qeshm].3. Two expeditions, in 1820 and 1821, against the Beni Boo Ali [Banī Bū ‘Alī, various spellings in this volume], inhabitants of Jalan province and nominally under the authority of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd], for alleged acts of ‘piracy’ and for the murder of a member of the Imaum’s government. Matters covered include:The visit of Captain W S Collinson, Commander of the cruiser Mercury, to Alashkarah [al-Ashkarah, various spellings in this volume] to remonstrate with the Beni Boo Ali in September 1820, and during which the murder of the Imaum’s government official took placeThe preparations for, progress of, and eventual failure of the first expedition in late 1820The preparations for, progress of, and eventual success of the second expedition in early 1821.Other matters covered by the volume include:Affairs of Central Arabia, in particular those concerning the Wahabees [Wahabi] and the campaign of Ibrahim Pasha against themBritish efforts to enlist Ibrahim Pasha's cooperation with the campaign against Rasul Khyma, including Captain George Sadlier’s [Sadleir] journey across Arabia in order to deliver a letter and a gift to the PashaA visit by Captain E Pratt, Commander of the Fly, to the Curia Muria [Kuria Muria] Islands in January 1821 in search of shipwrecked 'Lascars' [non-European sailors, usually from the Indian subcontinent, in the employ of the British]Relations between Britain and Persia [Iran], specifically relating to Britain’s presence on the Island of Kishma.The second part of the volume comprises the enclosures referred to in the letters of the first part. These enclosures consist of letters, reports, and extracts of Proceedings of the Government of Bombay. Correspondents include: Major-General Lionel Smith, Commander of the Second Expedition against the Beni Boo Ali; Lieutenant J M Guy, Commander of East India Company Cruizer Psyche; Captain A Hardy, Commander of East India Company Cruizer Teignmouth; Lieutenant-General Charles Colville, Commander-in-Chief, Bombay Army; Shaik Sultan Ben Suggar [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī, various spellings in this volume]; Shaik Zeid Ben Seif [Shaikh Zayed bin Sayf bin Mohammed al-Falahi], Acting Ruler of Debay [Dubai]; George Swinton, Acting Secretary to the Governor-General of the Presidency of Bengal, Fort William; Captain Thomas Perronet Thompson (and his successors (acting), Captain Charles James Maillard and Captain H R Deschamps), Political Agent, Kishma; Captain Price Blackwood, Commander of HM Sloop Curlew.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 293; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains one anomaly, f 177a.The volume includes multiple original pagination sequences.
46. Vol 19 Letters inward
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters sent to the British Resident at Bushire. The subject matter of the correspondence centres around the administration of the Bushire Residency, and company operations in the area. It therefore covers the wider commercial and political interests of the East India Company in the Persian Gulf, alongside those of the British Government during this period. This includes international relations between the British and the principal powers of the region; e.g. Persia, the Ottoman Empire, Muscat and Oman. It also concerns itself with piracy (as defined by British authorities) in the Persian Gulf; details of a British expedition which attacked Ra's al-Khaymah in 1819, and aimed to suppress 'piratical acts' in the region, can be found within.The volume does not cover the full time span indicated by the date range with the majority of the correspondence being from the period between 20 November 1816 to 29 December 1819. There are also a few letters inserted into the back of the volume of a much later date — January and February 1874 — sent to the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf via the office of the Assistant Resident. This correspondence concerns the financial affairs of the bin Rejubs [Bin Rajab] in Bahrain. The period from 1820 and 1873 is therefore not represented in this volume.The majority of the correspondence is in English with only a few items in Arabic towards the end of the volume.Physical description: Foliation: The file has been foliated in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio with a pencil number. The foliation begins on the first folio of writing and ends on the last folio of writing.Pagination: The volume also has an original incomplete pagination sequence which consists of numbers in the top outermost corner of each page. The sequence which uses both ink and pencil numbers starts on the first folio of writing, with the number 1, and runs through to 151 (folio 76). The sequence continues on the verso of folio 77, with page number 152 and continues to folio 146 with number 283, however the numbering omits folios 80v-81v, 96v-97 and 130v-131.Condition: The file has suffered some pest damage, the individual folios which have been affected are recorded in the item level descriptions.
47. Vol 14: Letters Outward
- Description:
- Abstract: Most of the letters are written by Lieutenant William Bruce, who was the Resident at this time. A handful of letters are written by James Orton, Assistant Surgeon at Bushire, who took temporary charge of the Residency while Bruce was away from Bushire. Subjects relating directly to the Residency include: accounts; stationery; military and marine expenses; and the sending of arms from Bombay to the Court of Persia, via Bushire. Broader themes within the letters include the procurement of sulphur for its use in India, the woollen and silk trades in Persia, and the threat of Āl Qāsimī pirates to British trade in the Persian Gulf.Physical description: 1 volume in one slipcasePagination: This file has an original pagination sequence, which is written in ink, in the top right corner of each recto and the top left corner of each verso. This sequence runs until page 100. A later pagination sequence, which is written in pencil, begins at page 101. This sequence is inconsistent, with many numbers repeated out of sequence.Foliation: The volume has been foliated for referencing purposes by circling numbers in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. The sequence begins with the first letter, on number 1, and runs through to 138, ending on the inside of the back cover of the volume. This is the sequence that has been used by this catalogue to reference items within the volume.
48. Vol 22: Letters Outward
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume consists of letters written from the Bushire Residency. The first eighty-two items are attributed to William Bruce; the remaining items, with the exception of a few letters written by Bruce from various locations, are written by James Dow, Assistant Surgeon at the Bushire Residency, who was in charge of the Residency during William Bruce's absence. Most of the letters are written to representatives of the Government of Bombay, with the most common recipients being John Wedderburn (Accountant General, Civil Auditor and Military Accountant), Richard Morgan (Secretary to the Marine Board), Francis Warden (Chief Secretary to the Government) and Mountstuart Elphinstone (President and Governor in Council, Bombay). In addition, a significant number of letters are addressed to army officers, including Major General Sir William Grant Keir and Captain Thomas Perronet Thompson. Many of the letters to Bombay concern the routine sending of bills and receipts relating to expenses (the most common of which being supplies for East India Company ships) incurred by the Residency. Other subjects covered in the volume include: William Bruce joining HMS Edenon her voyage along the Arab coast in search of Wahhābī boats; news and speculation regarding Ḥusayn ‘Alī Mīrzā's plans to launch an attack against Bahrain; relations between Arab chieftains following the General Treaty with the Arab Tribes of the Persian Gulf of 1820; details of the Residency complying with requests for funds or supplies for the British troops stationed at Ra's al-Khaymah, and later, at Qeshm; details of a treaty between the Imam of Muscat (Sa‘īd bin Sultān Āl Sa‘īd) and the Shaikhs of Bahrain, as relayed to Bruce by Rahma bin Jabir; the death of a crew member of the Elizacountry ship and the subsequent investigation into the treatment received on board that ship; presents sent by His Highness Ebrāhim Khan, Governor of Kermān, to Mountstuart Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay; the death, on 10 November 1821, of Dr Andrew Jukes, Political Agent in Persia.Physical description: Pagination: There is a pagination sequence, which is written in pencil in the top right corners of the rectos and in the top left corners of the versos. It runs from 1 to 175.Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 2, and ends on the inside of the back cover on number 95. This is the sequence used by this catalogue to reference items within the file.