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13. ‘File 86/2 II (C 31) Eastern and General Syndicate, Oil, Bahrain’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters, telegrams and memoranda relating to negotiations over the transfer of the Bahrain oil concession, conducted between the British Government, Eastern & General Syndicate Limited (hereafter E&GS), and the Eastern Gulf Oil Company of the United States (EGOC). The volume is a direct continuation, with some overlap of correspondence, with ‘File 86/2 I (C 30) Bahrain Oil Concession (Eastern & General Syndicate)’ (IOR/R/15/1/649). The principal correspondents in the volume are the Political Agent in Bahrain, Captain Charles Prior, Major Frank Holmes, Director of E&GS, and various representatives of the Colonial Office of the British Government in London.Key subjects covered by the volume include:Negotiations between the British Government and E&GS (on behalf of EGOC) for the transfer of the Bahrain oil concession from E&GS to EGOC, with particular emphasis on four conditions stipulated by the British Government to ensure sufficient British control of a concession funded by foreign finance;An agreement of the concession transfer, and negotiations between the British Government and the solicitors appointed by EGOC (Freshfields, Leese and Munns of London) for the transfer;Questions over legal jurisdiction and property law in Bahrain; negotiations with regard to the liability of the Ruler of Bahrain (Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah) in the event of theft of oil company property by oil company employees;Registration of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) in Canada;Holmes’s trip to Bushire and Bahrain, and his appointment as chief representative of BAPCO in Bahrain;E&GS/BAPCO application to extend the oil concession area across those parts of Bahrain not covered by the existing concession.The volume contains numerous copies of the indentures and concessions agreements, in copy and original (folios 110-14, 206-10, 211-29).Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence begins on the front cover and ends on the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers written in the top-right corner of each recto. A second foliation sequence is present between folios 2-53 and 72-233; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.The following foliation anomalies occur: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E; 2 and 2A; 130 and 130A; 144 and 144A.Folios 176-195 are bound together and housed in a clear polyester sleeve.
14. 'Treaties and Undertakings etc in force between the British Government and the Rulers of Bahrain, 1820-1914'
- Description:
- Abstract: Government of India Foreign and Political Department documents: three identical copies, one (volume three) enclosed in a red cover. Volume two is inscribed 'Received under Foreign and Political Department endorsement 147EA of 22.6.16'. The documents contain transcripts of fifteen treaties and undertakings between the British Government and the Rulers of Bahrain in English and (at the rear of the volumes) in Arabic. In addition to agreements dated by year only, the agreements relate to piracy, the slave trade, arms traffic, observance of treaties, jurisdiction over foreigners, pearl fisheries, post office, wireless telegraphy, and oil. A note at the start of the agreements states that in the event of doubt about the precise interpretation of any portion of the English and Arabic text, the English text was to be considered decisive.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover of volume one and terminates at 70 on the back cover of volume three. The foliation runs through all three volumes as a single continuous sequence, split between volume one (ff. 1-23); volume two (ff. 24-46); and volume three (ff. 47-70). These numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Each volume also has its own separate printed pagination sequence.
15. ‘SKETCH OF THE ISLAND OF KENN, In the Persian Gulf. Thos. Remon, Captn., Engineers’
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:Depth shown by soundings in fathoms with areas partly dry at low water indicated.Produced to accompany a join report on the island submitted to Government on the 12th October 1822 by First Lieutenant J.H. Grubb and Captain Thomas Remon, Bombay Engineers. Map is lettered for reference with descriptive notes provided in the report.Notations concerning the terrain elevation and vegetation cover the face of the map with settlements, date plantations and ruins marked.Physical description: Dimensions:234 x 350 mm, on sheet 254 x 390 mm
16. ‘Sketch of Rasool Khymah’
- Description:
- Abstract: Imprint:Lithog[raphe]d in the Chief Eng[inee]rs Office by F. Ramchunder, Bombay 6th October 1855.Shows position of Fort and recent line of Fortification, sand banks indicated by dotted lines and labelled.Physical description: Dimensions:350 x 260 mm, on sheet 422 x 330 mm
17. ‘TRIGONOMERTICAL PLAN of the HARBOUR OF GRANE OR KOWEIT in the GULF OF PERSIA. By Lieutts. J.M. Guy and G.B. Brucks, H.E.I.C. Marine’
- Description:
- Abstract: Imprint:Lithographed in the Chief Engineer’s Office by G. Luxumonjee and K, E. Bombay, 6th Sept.r 1855.Distinctive Features:Produced to accompany a report on the Harbour of Grane (or Koweit), and the Island of Pheleechi, prepared by Lieutenant J. Felix Jones, Indian Navy.Depth shown by detailed soundings in fathoms. Mud flats, areas partly dry at low water indicated with anchorage for shipping and boats marked. Includes an explanatory note at the bottom right-hand corner.Physical description: Dimensions:382 x 513 mm, on sheet 444 x 558 mm
18. 'Jetty at Sitra.' Photographer: Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:View of the jetty at Sitra, Manama, Bahrain. Two large liners are visible at centre and left in the background. Various cranes and other moving equipment is visible.Inscriptions:Below image, in pen: 'Jetty at Sitra'Below image, in pencil: ‘505’Physical description: Dimensions:54 x 78 mmCondition:The image is in good condition.Foliation:‘505’Process:Silver gelatin print
19. 'Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is Selections from the records of the Bombay Government, compiled and edited by Robert Hughes Thomas, Assistant Secretary, Political Department, New Series: 24 (Bombay: Printed for Government at the Bombay Education Society's Press, 1856).Physical description: Pagination: two separate pagination sequences are present in the volume. The first sequence (pp. i-xviii) commences at the first page and terminates at the list of maps (p. xviii). A second pagination sequence then takes over (pp. 1-688), commencing at the title page and terminating at the final page. Both these pagination sequences are printed, with additions in pencil, and the numbers are found at the top (left, right or centre) of each page.The fold-outs in this volume were not paginated by the publisher. As a result, these have been foliated using the nearest page number. For example, the fold-out attached to p.51 has been numbered as 51A.Pagination anomalies: pp. 15, 15A; 45, 45A; 49, 49A; 51, 51A; 531, 531A.The following pages need to be folded out to be read: 15A, 45A, 51A, 327-328, 531A.
20. ‘File 28/1 A Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited – standing orders for their guards’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises letters sent by representatives of the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), generally the Chief Local Representative, John S Black, to the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman), enclosing copies of standing orders issued to their guards and security personnel for the defence of the Company’s refinery, oil fields and other installations, in the wake of the advent of hostilities in Europe.Several revisions of the standing orders are included in the file (ff 6-7, ff 9-24, ff 25-36 ff 38-68), dated October to November 1939. The orders cover a range of roles and aspects of BAPCO’s operations: instructions for sentries at refinery gates; checks on motor and goods vehicles coming into and out of the refinery; instructions for motor patrols; instructions for motorcycle patrols (left blank as a result of a lack of motorcycles); orders for the officer-in-charge of the field, including checks for sabotage of wells, pipelines and tanks; standing orders for the officer-in-charge of the refinery; orders for naturguards; orders for the second shift foreman; instructions for security personnel at Sitrah terminal, Sitrah pier, Sitrah wharf. Some pages of the standing orders are heavily annotated in pencil, presumably by Agency staff or by the Agent himself, with comments and questions relating to specific aspects of the standing orders.Also in the file is a letter (ff 2-4) from the Secretary of the Committee of Internal Refinery Defence, dated 25 September 1939, containing twelve proposals to improve security and reduce the need for labourers (referred to as ‘coolies’) to move around the refinery site unattended, and a letter (ff 69-71) from Max Weston Thornberg, Vice President of BAPCO, to Weightman, setting out BAPCO’s company policy towards the defence of its sites in Bahrain during ‘the existing state of emergency’.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 72; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-71; these numbers are written in a combination of pencil and blue ink, but they are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
21. ‘File 28/52 Landing of U.S. seamen at Bahrain’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains copies of correspondence concerning the presence of United States (US) merchant seamen at Bahrain, in particular questions of facilities for and supervision of US crews while on shore leave, and jurisdiction of US citizens at Bahrain.The first part of the file contains correspondence dated June 1944 from the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf (Commodore John Montagu Howson) and the Political Agent at Bahrain (Major Tom Hickinbotham), responding to concerns raised by US naval officials at Bahrain (in light of the increasing frequency of US tanker visits to the islands) over the lack of facilities for US seamen at Bahrain, as well as pilfering from US vessels being unloaded by Gray Mackenzie & Co. (ff 2-12).The second part of the file consists of copies of correspondence exchanged between India Office and Foreign Office officials in London during July to September 1944, in response to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf’s recommendations for canteen facilities at Sitrah Island for US seamen, with the proviso that US seamen do not attempt to enter the towns of Manama or Muharraq. This correspondence also discusses a request from the US Department of State (relayed through the US Embassy in London, f 18) for the appointment of a non-American with legal qualifications to act as a judge over US citizens in Bahrain; a request that, in the eyes of India and Foreign Office officials, challenges Britain’s right of jurisdiction over all foreigners at Bahrain (ff 13-24).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 26; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-22; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
22. ‘File 86/2 V (C 44) Bahrain Oil’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters, telegrams and memoranda relating to ongoing exploratory oil drilling being undertaken in Bahrain by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (hereafter BAPCO). The volume is a direct continuation of ‘File 86/2 IV (C 43) Bahrain Oil; Eastern and General Syndicate Limited’ (IOR/R/15/1/652). The principal correspondents in the volume are Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, Political Agent in Bahrain, Captain Everald Gastrell, officiating Political Agent in Bahrain during Loch’s absence, and various members of the India Office, Colonial Office, and Petroleum and Mining Departments in London.Key subjects discussed in the volume include:BAPCO’s request for an extension of their prospecting license to 2 December 1934;Questions over the award of a second concession covering the remainder of the Bahrain islands not included in BAPCO’s existing concession of 100,000 as-yet unspecified acres of territory; correspondence with representatives of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company with regard to this second concession;British officials’ attempts to oust Major Frank Holmes from his position as Chief Local Representative for BAPCO in Bahrain, because of his perceived failure to fulfil contractual requirements as set out in the original concession agreement;Recommendations with regard to Holmes’s position, provided by the British Government’s Treasury Solicitor, Sir Maurice Gwyer (folios 242-44);News of Holmes’s dismissal as BAPCO’s Chief Local Representative, dated 26 August 1933 (folio 293).Three maps are also included in the file, which were originally enclosed with a report that is mentioned in a letter contained in the volume (folio 203), although the report itself is not included. Map 1 (folio 333) shows the Bahrain islands with elevation data and the locations of BAPCO’s oil installations and infrastructures. Map 2 (folio 334) shows BAPCO’s roads, telephone and water lines, along with oil and water well locations. Map 3 (folio 335) is a site plan of BAPCO’s camp at Jebel Dukhan.Physical description: Foliation: Foliation is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1A, and ends on inside of the back cover, on number 341.Foliation anomalies: f 1 is followed by ff 1A-F; f 63 is followed by f 63A; f 72 is followed by f 72A; f 223 is followed by f 223A; f 235 is followed by f 235A; f 277 is followed by f 277A; f 294 is followed by f 294A-B; f 332 is followed by f 332A.
23. ‘File 86/2 VII (C 48) Bahrain Oil’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters, telegrams and memoranda relating to oil prospecting being undertaken in Bahrain by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (hereafter BAPCO). The volume is a direct continuation of ‘File 86/2 VI (C 46) Bahrain Oil’ (IOR/R/15/1/654). The principal correspondents in the volume are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Fowle, the Political Agent in Bahrain, Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, the Chief Local Representative in Bahrain for BAPCO, Ed Skinner, and British Government officials from the India Office and Petroleum/Mining Department in London.Key subjects discussed in the volume include:Negotiations over the proposed extension of the prospecting license until 2 January 1935, and the anticipated mining lease, with particular attention given to the financial payments and royalties payable to the ruling family of Bahrain;Acceptance by the ruler, Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, on 19 November 1933, of the terms of the extension (folio 97), with a copy in English and Arabic of the agreement (folios 105-07);BAPCO plans for the development of an oil storage and export infrastructure at Bahrain, including: oil storage facilities, questions over the need for a refinery at Bahrain, a deep water anchorage with submarine line at Sitrah Island (including arrangements for aerial and marine surveys, and a blueprint map showing the submarine line and anchorage, folio 217), and the installation of wireless radio facilities;A proposal by BAPCO, dated 3 December 1933, to export 5,000 barrels of oil daily from 1 July 1934 (folios 165, 185);The employment of a local labour force (referred to as ‘coolies’, folios 193-94);A report dated 10 December 1933 of oil struck at well number 4 “in considerable quantity” (folio 228).Physical description: Foliation: There are two foliation sequences. One sequence is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The other sequence, which should be used for referencing, is circled in pencil, at the top of the recto of each folio, towards the centre. It begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 301. Foliation anomalies: Folio 2 is followed by ff 2A-C; f 217 is followed by f 217A. Index numbers written in red and blue pencil are part of the volume’s original filing system, and correspond to the numbered office notes index at the end of the file (ff 288-95).
24. ‘File 86/2 VIII (C 49) Bahrain Oil’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains letters, telegrams, maps and memoranda relating to oil prospecting undertaken in Bahrain by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (hereafter BAPCO), and the development of an oil infrastructure. The volume is a direct continuation of ‘File 86/2 VII (C 48) Bahrain Oil’ (IOR/R/15/1/655). The principal correspondents in the volume are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Fowle, and the Political Agent in Bahrain, Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch.Subjects covered by the volume include:Construction of a submarine pipeline, ship anchorage and other facilities at Sitrah Island by BAPCO;Construction of wireless facilities for BAPCO’s operation, pending approval by Imperial & International Wireless Limited and Imperial Airways;Installation of buoys for the BAPCO anchorage (including details and location of buoys, folio 16), pending approval by the Government of India which holds responsibility for buoying in the Gulf; also concerns over the proximity of the anchorage to fish traps;British Government officials’ preference for Admiralty cooperation in surveying the area for a proposed anchorage, over the involvement of the U.S. Marine (folio 30);The despatch (folio 84) and arrival (folio 222) of an American vessel, the El Segundo, to Bahrain, with a workforce for the construction of the pipeline and other facilities and the despatch of a German steamer, the Wachtfells, with materials (folios 86-87);British officials’ concerns regarding the forty-five American workers on board the El Segundo(folio 116): the effects of their presence in Bahrain, and the question of a need for visas (folios 135-36, 139-40);Wider concern over the numbers of foreign workers employed by BAPCO in Bahrain, with details of the nationalities and classes of workers employed by BAPCO in January 1934 (folio 138);Questions over whether oil refining will be carried out in Bahrain, which is strongly advocated by the Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, and his Government (folio 83);BAPCO acquisition of land in Bahrain, in relation to the prospecting and mining licenses, including land for shipping facilities at Sitrah, and plans for a permanent camp (folios 209-10);A dispute between the British Government and BAPCO over the interpretation of a clause in the concession agreement, relating to the waiving of duty paid on the import of equipment by the oil company. The dispute relates to whether such items as food goods and furniture can be classified as company equipment;Questions over the replacement of Ed Skinner, Chief Local Representative of BAPCO;Minutes of India Office meetings, in which the status of the Qatar concession, with reference to such issues as risks facing exploration, boundary issues, British and foreign representation, and the involvement of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company are discussed (folios 37-58, 93-110).Physical description: Foliation: There is an incomplete foliation sequence and a complete foliation sequence. The complete sequence, which should be used for referencing, is circled in pencil, at the top of the recto of each folio. It begins on the title page, on number 1, and ends on the folio of writing, on number 230. Foliation anomalies: f 76 is followed by f 76A; f 210 is followed by f 210A. Index numbers written in red and blue pencil are part of the volume’s original filing system, and correspondent to the office notes index at the end of the file (ff 225-30).The following folios are fold-out maps ff 77-78; f 210; f 213.
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