Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai], and one letter from the Court of Directors of the East India Company. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of ten items on the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/1767/72462, IOR/F/4/1767/72463, IOR/F/4/1767/72464, IOR/F/4/1767/72465, IOR/F/4/1767/72466, IOR/F/4/1767/72467, IOR/F/4/1767/72468, IOR/F/4/72469, and IOR/F/4/1767/72470).The item concerns:An act of ‘piracy’ carried out on the bugla [baghlah]
Duria Dowlat[
Darya Dowlat] by the Beni Yas, and arrangements for Shaik Shakboot of Aboothabee [Shaikh Khalifah bin Shakhbut Al Nahyan of Abu Dhabi] to repay the lossThe loss of a vessel from Karrack [Jazīreh-ye Khārk] in suspicious circumstances, and the subsequent arrest of a man from Shargha [Sharjah]An act of ‘piracy’ carried out on the cotteya [kuttiya]
Luxoomee Pursad[
Lakshman Parsad] by the Benee boo Aly [Bani Bu Ali] tribe and inhabitants of Zoor [Sur]An act of ‘piracy’ carried out on the
Fatelkear[
Fateh ul Khyr] by the inhabitants of ZoorAggression towards the shroff [banker] of the Bushire [Bushehr] ResidencyThe movement of Esa ben Tareef [Shaikh ‘Isa bin Hamad bin Tarif Al Bin ‘Ali al-‘Utbi] and his followers from Bahrein [Bahrain] to AboothabeeThe flight of Sheik Nassir [Shaikh Nasir II Al Mazkur], the Governor of Bushire, from Bushire due to his impending arrest by the Government of Fars.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 550, 1839, P.C. [Previous Communication] 2491’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 588 and terminates at f 626, as it was originally part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2302/118727. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Khojah Hiskael [Khawājah Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf], British Agent at Muscat. It is the twenty-sixth in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.This item concerns the visit of Syed Soweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Governor of Muscat, to Soor [Sur] and his bombardment of a town until the inhabitants promised to pay him tribute and demolish two forts. He also imprisoned two sheiks [shaikhs] of the Huwajeer tribe [al-Hawājir].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 5 of No 169’, ‘Coll[ection]: 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 537, and terminates at f 541, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, memoranda, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Samuel Hennell, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf; Reuben bin Aslan, British Agent at Muscat; Rear Admiral Charles Malcolm, Superintendent of the Indian Navy; and Commander Thomas Rogers of the East India Company sloop of war
Amherst. It is the sixth in a series of ten items on the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/1767/72461, IOR/F/4/1767/72462, IOR/F/4/1767/72463, IOR/F/4/1767/72464, IOR/F/4/1767/72465, IOR/F/4/1767/72467, IOR/F/4/1767/72468, IOR/F/4/72469, and IOR/F/4/1767/72470).The item concerns an act of ‘piracy’ carried out on the buggalow [baglah]
Fatelkear[
Fateh al Khair] by the inhabitants of Zoor [Sur], including a description of the items plundered and the items restored.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 550, 1839, P.C. [Previous Communication] 2491’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 821 and terminates at f 831, as it was originally part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: Correspondence concerning the use of French flags by dhows at Sur and the actions taken by the Sultan of Muscat and the Government of India. Includes a hand drawn map (folio 33) 'Rough sketch of Soor'.Topics covered include:The establishment of a French consulate;Representation of the Sultan of Muscat at the Hague tribunal;British documents relating to the arbitration at the Hague tribunal;Issues involving the slave trade and use of the French flag.Correspondents include Major Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Agent, Muscat; Political Resident Persian Gulf; Louis William Dane, Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department; Quarantine superintendent of the Sultan of Muscat.Physical description: Foliation: The foliaton system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in a circle in the top right hand corner of each folio.
Abstract: Correspondence concerning fighting at Sur between the Bani Bu Ali and the Arama. Includes a number of reports from Major Gerald Patrick Murphy the Political Agent, Muscat to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf on the general situation in Oman and concerns that due to tribal involvement the fighting could spread from Sur to the rest of Oman. Letters discuss how the fort at Sur was bombarded to show the rebellious tribes that the Government of India intended to support Muscat. Includes a map (folio 199) drawn by Major Gerald Patrick Murphy, Political Agent, Muscat, entitled 'Map showing extent of Sultan's influence in Oman'. Correspondents include the Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah al Humudah [‘Alī bin Abdullāh al-Ḥamūdah], Amir of Jaalan; Political Agent, Muscat; Foreign Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department; Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf.Physical description: Foliation: There is an incomplete foliation sequence and a complete foliation sequence. The complete foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the title page, on number 1, and runs through to 274, ending on the inside of the back cover. Anomalies: ff 1A-C; f 23A; f 63A; f 74A; f 88A; f 90A; f 93A; f 96A; f 100A; f 111A; f 113A; f 114A; f 121A; f 124A; f 167A; f 198A; ff 208A-B; f 247A.
Abstract: Correspondence relating to the rebellion of the Sur area and issues of the extension of the authority of the Sultan of Muscat. Includes discussion by the Political Agent, Muscat of the creation of a protectorate in Muscat and Oman; a 'note on our present policy in Muscat'; questionnaire on planning for an occupation of Sur in terms of availability of water; and other factors as well as the assessment by Captain O'Connor of issues in occupying Sur; travelling permits issued by the Amirs of Jaalan.Correspondents include Major Gerald Patrick Murphy, Political Agent, Muscat; Sir Frederick William Johnston, Political Resident Persian Gulf; Evelyn Berkeley Howell, Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; Secretary for State for India, India Office, London; Sheikh Muhammad bin Nasir al Hamudah [Muḥammed bin Nāṣir al-Ḥamūdah], Amir of Jaalan; Shaikh Hamdan bin Nasir al Hamudan [Ḥamdān bin Nāṣir al-Ḥamūdah], Amir of Jaalan's brother; Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah [Banī Bū ‘Alī] of Bani Bu Ali; Sayid Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal], Sultan of Muscat; Commander, HMS
Cyclamen; Shaikh Isa bin Salih al Harithi [‘Īsá Bin-Ṣāliḥ al-Ḥārith]; Captain Roderick Louis O'Connor, Officer on Special Duty; High Commissioner, Baghdad.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
Abstract: Correspondence relating to the Amir of Ja'alan and the collection of customs at Sur. Letters discuss the strategy for enforcing customs collection in Sur and the visit in HMS
Penzanceof Heir Apparent, Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr], President of the Council of Ministers in order to re-establish Sultanate authority in Sur. Correspondence discusses the constraints on the actual use of British naval power and the preferred use of the Muscat Levies as well as possible use of air power. Includes a hand-drawn map of Sur (folio 87) with discussion of the tribal divisions in the town and of the village of Aiqa inhabited by the Bani Bu Ali.Correspondents include Air Headquarters, Iraq Command, Hinaidi; Air Ministry, London;Trenchard Craven W. Fowle and Reginald George Alban, Political Agent, Muscat; Hugh Vincent Biscoe, Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Foreign Secretary, Government of India; Stuart Edwin Hedgecock, Financial Adviser, Ministry of Finance, Muscat; Saif bin Ali bin Saif [Saif bin ‘Alī bin Saif], Wali of Sur; Iskander, Director-General of Customs, Muscat; 'the people of Aiqa'; Ali bin Abdullah Al Hamudah [‘Alī bin Abdullāh al-Ḥamūdah], Amir of Ja'alan.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation system in use is the sequence of numbers appearing in a circle in the top right hand corner of each folio.
Abstract: Correspondence relating to actions against the Bani Bu Ali [Banī Bū ‘Alī] in Sur in 1932 who were claiming independence from the Muscat State. Correspondence discusses how the Bani Bu Ali led by Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah al-Hammuda [Muḥammed bin Nāṣir al-Ḥamūdah] were rebelling against the Sultan of Muscat's authority and in particular the creation of a customs post in Aiqa. Shaikh Ali had deployed armed forces to Aiqa fort and prevented the establishment of the customs post. The timing for deployment of aircraft from Iraq including Wapitis and flying boats is discussed and in particular the implications of reconnaissance flights during Ramadan. One Wapiti crashed 40 miles south of Muscat but the occupants were unhurt and safely rescued. Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr] visited Sur in a sloop along with HMS
Emerald. Correspondence details the agreement of the Foreign Office, Air Ministry and India Office in London to the use of aircraft. A letter from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty concurs in the action whilst expressing concern over the use of aircraft and the repercussions this could have on relations with Arab rulers, and suggests only use of naval bombardment. The Air Ministry responded noting the Political Resident's view that 'action by warship alone would be entirely ineffective; past history has shewn this.' The India Office notes that the action proposed by the Government of India were based on discussions with the Senior Naval Officer Persian Gulf and Air Officer Commanding, Iraq; furthermore, 'aerial demonstration will precede punitive air action.'The Political Agent, Muscat discusses the relations between the Bani Bu Ali ,[Banī Bū ‘Alī] Bani Bu Hassan [Bani Bū ‘Hasan] and Bani Amer; also the likely response of the Bani Bu Ali to any British attack and the need to take precautions to avoid the experience of a British Indian force in 1821. In 1821 a force was dispatched to avenge the defeat there of a different expedition the previous year but three hundred of the Bani Bu Ali attacked at night resulting 16 killed. Correspondence discusses the negotiations with Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah bin Abdullah bin HammudaCorrespondence between the Air Officer Commanding, Edgar Rainey Ludlow-Hewitt and Colonel Hugh Vincent Biscoe, Political Resident, Persian Gulf discusses the reconnaissance photos and the bombing of the Jaalan [Ja’alān] fort following the dropping from aircraft of warning messages. There are also extracts from a report by Group Captain W L Welsh on reconnaisance by two Rangoons and three Wapitis of the Sur area with arrangements for the deployment of flying boats to conduct bombing missions and their protection by the Muscat Infantry.Correspondence includes letters betweeen Saiyid Said bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman, to Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah and Hugh Vincent Biscoe, Political Resident Persian Gulf. Following aerial demonstrations by Rangoon flying boats Shaikh Ali accepted the customs post and agreed to meet the Sultan on board the Sultan's vessel. The Senior Naval Officer Persian Gulf wrote to Shaikh Ali informing him that as he had accepted the customs post the bombardment would not take place.Includes aerial photos (ff 128D-128P) of Jaalan and Khor Janaba which were made in preparation for a possible punitive bombing raid. Also includes a sketch map of Khor Janaba and an enclosure with a 'Sheikhly family of Bani Bu Ali.Correspondents include H.V. Biscoe, Political Resident Persian Gulf; Trenchard Craven Fowle, Political Agent Muscat; Edgar Rainey Ludlow-Hewitt, Air Headquarters, Iraq Command, Hinaidi; Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf; Eion Pelly Donaldson, India Office, London; Christopher Llewellyn Bulloch, Air Ministry, London; No. 203 (Flying Boat) Squadron; Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty; Saiyid Said bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman; Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah bin Hammudah; Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, Simla.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation system in use is the sequence of numbers in the top right hand corner of each folio including the covers.
Abstract: The item consists of copies of correspondence enclosed with an extract Marine Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 30 September 1847.The item contains a letter from the Superintendent of the Indian Navy to the Governor of Bombay, dated 7 August 1847, enclosing reports of two journeys made into the interior of the South Coast of Arabia by members of the Company’s Surveying Brig,
Palinurus. The reports are:‘An account of an overland journey from Lesk Kaira [Al Ashkharah] to Muskat [Muscat] and the Green Mountains of Oman by Mr Cole of the EICs S[urveying] B[rig] “Palinurus”’, ff 108-195‘Account of a journey from Soor [Sur] to Jahlan [Jalan Bani Bu Hassan and Jalan Bani Bu Ali] and thence to Ras Roues [Ra’s ar Ruways] by Messrs Ward, Sylvester and James of the HCS Brig Palinurus’, ff 195-201Both reports contain details on the: routes taken; conditions of travel; governance of each region; landscapes and towns; and the people encountered.The item contains multiple spellings for multiple place names.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Marine Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5953, Draft No. 131 of 1848’, ‘Collection No. 21’ and ‘Secretary’s Office, Marine Branch, 1847’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 178, and terminates at f 201, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: Report on Sur by Major Gerald Patrick Murphy, Political Agent of Muscat, dated 9 October 1928.It is divided into the following sections:I. – 'Geographical Description of Sur' – including an introduction to the tribes who inhabit it;II. – 'Historical Summary of the Bani Bu Ali' – including their origin, religion, engagements, expeditions, and feuds;III. – 'Historical Summary of the Jenebeh' – including their origin, feuds, criminal activities, and fines;IV. – 'The Slave Trade at Sur' – including British efforts in the suppression of the slave trade, treaties, a description of a captured slave vessel, and use the of the French flag as protection for slaving operations;V. – 'Summary of recent Events in Sur' – including the building of new forts, establishment of a new customs post, the question of the Sultan's authority, criminal activities, and customs dues;VI. – 'Review of the Situation at Sur' – including the policy pursued so far, request for assistance by the Sultan, the value of Sur in terms of prestige, and the form of assistance to be taken;appendix 1. – 'Early History of Sur';appendix 2. – 'Wrecks and Piracy'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 84, and terminates at f 93, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: Distinctive Features:Tracing of a rough sketch map attached to letter no. 132 dated 11th April 1903 from Major Percy Zachariah Cox (folios 22-32) showing the position of Shaikh Abdulla bin Salim camp in the Eight Quarter of town.Physical description: Materials:Pen and ink with crayon on tracing clothDimensions:337 x 220 mm
Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Governments of Bombay to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:News of cruises made by British ships in the GulfReports of interviews between Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the shaikhs of the GulfIntelligence from the British Agent at MuscatAn unsuccessful attempt by the Governor of Shargah [Sharjah] to capture Ejman [Ajman]Papers carried by British vessels and those departing from ports belonging to the Imam of MuscatThe projected arrival of a French consul at ZanzibarMercantile affairsDefeat of bin Mootluk [Sa‘d bin Muṭlaq] against Sohar [Suhar]‘Piratical’ proceedings off Bahrein [Bahrain]Capture of Brymee [Al Buraymi] by the Chiefs of Sohar and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and the subsequent intention to regain Brymee by a confederation of Omani tribes and the Chief of Rasul Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah]Agreements between Gulf states and Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd]Relations between the new and old chiefs of BahreinDiscontent with Muscat at Soor [Sur]Cholera at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh]Death of Shaik Abdool Azeez bin Rashid [Shaikh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin Rāshid al-Na‘īmī, Shaikh of Ajman].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 312, and terminates at f 324, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.