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1. '14/86 ATTACK ON AJMAN AND MURDER OF THE CHIEF AND SUCCESSION ETC.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates mainly to the issues of succession in Ajman and some other Trucial States. The main correspondents are the Residency Agent, Sharjah; Political Resident Persian Gulf; Under Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department; and Shaikh Sultan bin Salem, Ruler of Ras al Khaimah.Correspondence discusses the implications of recognizing a shaikh who has aquired position through force and whether it is necessary for a new shaikh to sign the agreements with the British relating to maritime peace. Correspondence also discusses how Shaikh Abdul Aziz bin Homeid, Chief of Ajman was murdered by his slave and was succeeded by his son who accepted the obligations of the British agreements.Physical description: Foliation: There is a foliation sequence, which is written in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. This sequence begins on the third folio after the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 90. It should be noted that f.77 is followed by f.77A; the sequence then resumes on f.78. This is the sequence used by this catalogue to reference items within the file.Pagination: There is an incomplete pagination sequence, which is written in red and blue crayon and also in pencil, in the top right-hand corners of the rectos and in the top left-hand corners of the versos.
2. '14/163 II Ajman Sharjah Affairs 1. Attitude of Shaikh of Ajman 2. Misdeeds and Punishment of Bin Luta Family.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence discussing Ajman and Sharjah affairs. Includes discussion of the actions of 'Shaikh Homaid ben Abdol Aziz, Chief of Ajman' attempting to collect money from the Al Ben Lutah who were British subjects.Correspondence discusses the occupation of a watch tower which caused friction between Shaikh Khalid bin Ahmad, chief of Sharjah and the inhabitants of Hirah. Correspondence also discusses an incident where the revival of a blood feud was threatening to develop into a war between Sharjah and Ajman. Correspondence notes this had implications for the Imperial Airways Aerodrome and rest house. The Senior Naval Officer and the Residency Agent arranged a truce. A section deals with the maintenance of Abdur Rahman at Hairah.Correspondence is between tKhan Bahadur Isa bin Abdul Latif, Residency Agent, Sharjah; Shaikh Said bin Maktum, Ruler of Dubai; Shaikh Homaid bin Abdul Aziz, Chief of Ajman. Stuart George Knox, Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Shaikh Khalid ben Ahmad, Shaikh of Sharjah; Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf.Physical description: Foliation: The file comprises of two volumes, with the foliation sequence running continuously across both volumes, with folios 1-125A being located in volume 1 and folios 126-249 in Volume 2. The foliation consists of small pencil numbers located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. There is also a pagination sequence which also runs across both volumes, it comprises of large pencil numbers located in the top left and top right hand corners of the pages respectively,Foliation: The sequence consists of small pencil numbers, located in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio. The sequence commences on the first folio of writing and concludes on the back cover.
3. 'Persian Gulf - affairs of'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists primarily of copies of correspondence and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Moollah Hoossein [Mullah Ḥusayn], British Agent at Sharjah.The item concerns:Relations between the Benyas [Bani Yas] and the Joasmees [Āl Qawāsim]Negotiations between the son [‘Alī bin Rashid al-Nu‘aymī] of the late Shaikh of Ejman [Ajman] and the brother [Shaikh Ṣāliḥ bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī] of the Shaikh of Sharjah over the piracy of Mahomed bin Suhur [Muḥammad bin Suhur?]A complaint by Soleman bin Jassem [Sulayman bin Jāsim], a merchant from Bahrain, about the death of one of his men at Kishm [Qeshm].The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No. 10, Draft 244, P C [Previous Communication] 2683’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 164 and terminates at f 179, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
4. ‘Persian Gulf. Wreck of two Lingah Buglas’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts from a Bombay [Mumbai] Political Consultation, 4 June 1845. The papers contained in this item are partial enclosures to a Political Letter sent from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 10 June 1845. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2122/100076, alongside details of further enclosures.The item contains a letter from the Government of India to the Government of Bombay, 9 May 1845, expressing the satisfaction of the Governor General with the conduct of the Chief of Ejman [Ajman], who recently assisted two buglas [baggalahs] from Lingha [Bandar-e Lengeh] which had recently run ashore off Ejman. This information is passed on to Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, in a separate letter, dated 31 May 1845.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5061, Draft 29/46, Coll[ection]: 23, Vol: 3’ and ‘Examiner's Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 462, and terminates at f 464, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
5. ‘Persian Gulf. Report the result of the Resident’s visit to Kishm, Shargah and Aboothabee.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 16 June 1847. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2238/112322, alongside details of further enclosures. The item is the fifth in a series of fifty-nine items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item relates to reports by Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, on his visits in April and May 1847 with:Shaik Abdool Rahman, Chief of Kishm [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Ṣaqr al-Mu‘īnī, Shaikh of Qeshm]Shaik Mukhtoom bin Butye, Chief of Debaye [Shaikh Maktūm I bin Buṭṭī Āl Bū Falāseh, Shaikh of Dubai]Shaik Sultan bin Suggur [Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī, Shaikh of Ra’s al Khaymah and Sharjah]Shaik Abdoollah bin Rashid, Chief of Amulgavine [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Rāshid al-Mu’allā, Shaikh of Umm al-Qaywayn]Shaik Azeez bin Rashid, Chief of Ejman [Shaikh ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin Rāshid al-Na‘īmī, Shaikh of Ajman]Shaik Saeed bin Tahnoon, Chief of Aboothabee [Shaikh Sa‘īd bin Ṭaḥnūn Āl Nahyān, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi]Hennell reports on the topics covered in the interviews, which include: disputes and grievances amongst the rulers; planned attacks; general complaints; and the English [British] government’s policy of non-interference in local disputes. Hennell also reports on the general peaceful status of the above areas, and provides his opinion on the characters of some of the rulers.Multiple spellings for the above rulers and places are present in the item.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘Draft No. 345/48’, ‘Collection No. 2 of No. 78, Vol: 5.’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 244, and terminates at f 259, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
6. ‘Persian Gulf. Failure of the Stratagem of the acting Governor of Sharga to Capture the Fort of Ejman – Vol: 4’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2302/118727. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Moollah Houssein [Mullā Ḥusayn], British Agent at Shargah [Sharjah]. It is the fourth in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.The item concerns an attempt by Shaik Abdullah bin Sultan [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Sulṭān], the Acting Governor of Shargah, to capture the fort of Ejman [Ajman]. His failure resulted in a closer union between the shaikhs of Ejman, Amulgavine [Umm al-Qaywayn], and Debaye [Dubai], and peace between them and Saed bin Tahnoon [Shaikh Sa‘īd bin Ṭaḥnūn Āl Nahyān, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi]. The item also records the increased tension between Saed bin Tahnoon and Mahomed bin Syf ul Ujajee [Muḥammad bin Sayf al-‘Ajjājī].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 3 of No 129’, ‘Coll[ection]: 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 359, and terminates at f 364, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
7. 'File 12/C I'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the following main topics:Dissatisfaction with Shaikh Salim [Shaikh Sālim al-Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ], Ruler of Kuwait, 1918.A proposal to establish British detachment in Kuwait, 1918.A note (ff 34-38) on `Ajman question, 1918.The file includes an index (folio 6) which lists the following entries: Ajman; Anglo-Persian Oil Company; blockade; Husain, King; Japanese steamers; occupation of Kuwait, proposed; oil; description of Shaikh Salim.The principal correspondents in the volume include the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Political Agent, Bahrain; Deputy Civil Commissioner for Mesopotamia, Baghdad; and the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Salim al-Mubarak al-Sabah.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 48; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 6-43; these numbers are also written in pencil but, where circled, are crossed through.
8. ‘Persian Gulf single charts.–Memoir.–Lieut. Houghton’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a ‘memoir’ written by Lieutenant Michael Houghton, draughtsman on board the Honorable Company’s ship Discovery, which consists of a description of places encountered during the East India Company’s survey of the Persian Gulf during the 1820s. The memoir covers the survey’s journey in a southwesterly direction along the Arab coast of the Gulf, between Moosendem [Musandam] and Debay [Dubai], and taking in the principal settlements of Shaum [Ash Sha‘m or Sha’am], Ul Umrah [Jazīrah al Ḩamrā’], Raumps [Ar Rams], Rasel Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah], Ul Umrah [Al Jazīrah al Ḩamrā’], Amulgawein [Umm al-Qaywayn], Aymaun [‘Ajmān] and Sharja [Sharjah]. At the front of the volume is a note written by Lieutenant John Michael Guy, Lieutenant Commanding the Honorable Company’s ship Discovery, and Officer in Charge of the Persian Gulf trigonometric survey (f 3), and a preface written by Houghton (f 4).The main body of the account provides observations of:landscape topography, including capes, mountains, inlets, bays, flora and fauna;landscape geology, including unusual rock formations, mineral deposits, ‘trap’ (igneous rock), and soil, leading at times to conjectures by the author on the historic formation of the geological landscape and its changing sea levels, with reference to the theories of contemporary scientists including Erhard Georg Friedrich Wrede and Christian Leopold von Buch;hydrography, including depths in fathoms, water currents, backwaters, and accessibility of waterways and their danger to vessels;human settlements, the names of which are transliterated into English, with descriptions of their condition (i.e. ‘deserted’), estimates of population size, tribal affiliation, details of the settlement’s chief economic activities (primarily fishing and date cultivation, with estimates of revenue), agriculture (crops and animal husbandry), descriptions of its notable built structures (forts, mosques, houses, tombs) and burial mounds;the various rulers of the region, with reference to the towns and populations they preside over, and in the case of the most prominent rulers (for example the ruler of Sharjah, Sultan ben Suggar [Shaikh Sultan bin Saqr Āl Qāsimī]) descriptions of their character, demeanour and attitude to their English visitors;climate, with details of winds, temperature and atmospheric conditions, with summaries of journal entries recorded between the months of October and May (no year stated, ff 22-24).Throughout the text Houghton makes frequent reference to ‘the expedition’, referring to the punitive expedition undertaken by the Honorable Company’s Marine to Ra’s al-Khaymah and the surrounding area (widely referred to as the ‘pirate coast’) in 1819.The volume should be read in conjunction with ‘Coast Views taken while employed on the Survey of the Arabian Side of the Gulf of Persia by Lieutenant M. Houghton, Draughtsman H.C. Marine’ (IOR/X/10310) and various maps and charts (drawn by Houghton) relating to the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf, between Musandam and Dubai (IOR/X/3680-3690).Physical description: Pagination: the volume has an original pagination system beginning at 3 and ending at 41. Numbers are located centre and top of each page of text.
9. 'Confidential 86/7-v B.41 PETROLEUM CONCESSIONS LTD., TRUCIAL COAST'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Percy Gordon Loch), the India Office (Maurice Clauson), the Foreign Office (John Cecil Sterndale Bennett), the Colonial Office (Owen Gwyn Revell Williams), representatives of Petroleum Concessions Limited (Frank Holmes, Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, John Skliros, Ernest Vincent Packer), the Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch, Tom Hickinbotham), and the Residency Agent at Sharjah (Khan Sahib 'Abd al-Razzaq) regarding the conclusion of negotiations with Shaikh Sa’id bin Maktum Al Maktum [Saʻīd bin Maktūm Āl Maktūm], Ruler of Dubai for an oil concession for his territory and the signing of the concession agreement on 22 May 1937.Correspondence includes discussions around the conclusion of a Political Agreement (folios 192-193) and Refinery Agreement (folios 194-195) between the British Government and Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL); the approval of drafts of an exchange of notes (folios 9-10) to be held with the Shaikh of Dubai once the agreements had been signed; and the final negotiations over the wording and clauses of the Commercial Agreement between the Shaikh of Dubai and Petroleum Concessions Limited.Also discussed are concerns by the representatives of the British Government about the movements of representatives of the California Arabian Standard Oil Company who were alleged to be attempting to persuade the Trucial Coast Shaikh’s to not sign concession agreements with PCL and to wait until the end of their option clauses to negotiate better terms with them; and attempts by the Shaikh’s of Sharjah (Sulṭān bin Saqr Āl Qasimī) and Ras al Khaimah [Ra's al Khaymah] (Shaikh Sulṭān bin Sālim Āl Qasimī) to convince the Shaikh of Dubai to join with them in undertaking such an action.Also discussed in the volume is the reluctance by the Shaikh’s of Sharjah, Ras al Khaimah and Ajman (Rāshid Bin Ḥumaid Al-Nu`aimī) to accept the security undertaking owing to the inclusion of an unlimited amount of compensation liability; the proposal by the British Government to amend the undertaking so that compensation requirements would be subject to Shara’ [Sharia] Law which the Shaikh’s of Sharjah, Ras al Khaimah and Ajman ultimately agreed to, and including formal acknowledgements in Arabic and English of this undertaking.Other items of interest within the volume include:a report from Thomas Fulton Williamson and David Glynn Jones, geologists for Petroleum Concessions Limited on their survey of Ras al Khaimah, Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi and their cursory investigations in Ajman; also included is correspondence regarding the area of Jibal Fayah in Sharjah which the geologists were prevented from entering by the ruling Bani Kitab [Beni Qitab] tribe;meeting between the Shaikh’s of Abu Dhabi and Dubai at which Ahmad bin Khalif bin ‘Utaibah [Shaikh Aḥmad bin khalīf bin ‘Utaybah] and Shaikh Ahmad bin Hilal [Shaikh Aḥmad bin Hilāl], Ruler of Dhawahir [ Z̧awāhir] had served as mediator’s in order to settle the question of where the boundary between Abu Dhabi and Dubai should be;correspondence with Shaikh Saqar bin Sultan Al Hamid [Shaikh Saqr bin Sulṭān Āl Ḥamīd], Chief of Braimi [Al Buraymī] regarding a rumour that the Residency Agent at Sharjah was intending to visit Braimi in order to negotiate an oil concession and response from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf that they wished the Residency Agent to visit Braimi to establish personal contacts with local notables there;query from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf regarding the need for PCL to appoint a Chief Local Representative; and noting that Ernest Vincent Packer had been appointed as General Manager and whether they intended this to be the same as a Chief Local Representative or not;a request by PCL to employ Robert Sutherland Cooke as a negotiator in the Middle East and whether Cooke’s past employment difficulties in Iraq might hinder this request;the appointment of Basil Henry le Riolet Lermitte as Assistant Manager for PCL in Bahrain;a request for Mrs (Dorothy) Holmes to visit Sharjah with her husband which was initially rejected by the Political Resident over fears of setting a precedent for oil Company and Superintendent’s wives in the future but was ultimately approved as 'Um Rashid' (mother of the Shaikh of Dubai?) wished her to visit;correspondence between Major Frank Holmes and the Political Agent at Bahrain regarding his intention to commence negotiations for concessions with Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah as soon as the Dubai concession was signed;correspondence regarding the Shaikh of Umm al Qaiwain’s [Umm al Qaywayn] interest in opening negotiations with Petroleum Concessions Limited; and the possibility of opening negotiations with the Shaikh of Kalba [Kalbā] as it was now a Trucial Shaikhdom;correspondence regarding the alleged intrigues of Haji ‘Abdullah Williamson who was believed to be involving himself in local politics in the Trucial Shaikhdom’s and working for the California Arabian Standard Oil Company, whilst visiting there as an interpreter for Petroleum Concessions Limited;table detailing the amount of money being paid to each Trucial Shaikh under their Anglo-Iranian Oil Company options, including how often the payments are being made and which AIOC agent was handling the payments. The table also includes notes on instances where existing or future payments differed from the norm (ff 184-185).Correspondence with the Trucial Shaikhs and copies of agreements are in both Arabic and Engliash; letters written by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company have a Persian and English letterhead.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 288-300.Physical description: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-287; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
10. ‘Affairs of the Persian Gulf. Vol: 1’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Governments of Bombay to the Court of Directors of the East India Company. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of fifty-one items on the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:News of cruises made by British ships in the GulfReports of interviews between Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the shaikhs of the GulfIntelligence from the British Agent at MuscatAn unsuccessful attempt by the Governor of Shargah [Sharjah] to capture Ejman [Ajman]Papers carried by British vessels and those departing from ports belonging to the Imam of MuscatThe projected arrival of a French consul at ZanzibarMercantile affairsDefeat of bin Mootluk [Sa‘d bin Muṭlaq] against Sohar [Suhar]‘Piratical’ proceedings off Bahrein [Bahrain]Capture of Brymee [Al Buraymi] by the Chiefs of Sohar and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and the subsequent intention to regain Brymee by a confederation of Omani tribes and the Chief of Rasul Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah]Agreements between Gulf states and Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣal bin Turkī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd]Relations between the new and old chiefs of BahreinDiscontent with Muscat at Soor [Sur]Cholera at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh]Death of Shaik Abdool Azeez bin Rashid [Shaikh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin Rāshid al-Na‘īmī, Shaikh of Ajman].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Collection No 17’ and ‘Draft no 465 of 49’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 312, and terminates at f 324, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
11. ‘Aymaun in five fathoms’
- Description:
- Abstract: Distinctive Features:Watercolour, pen and ink and pencil on paper.The topographical view of a coastal region near Aymaun [Ajman, United Arab Emirates] drawn by Lieutenant Michael Houghton. The view was sketched from on board ship and shows the settlement with location of ‘Sheiks House’ indicated. In the foreground a dhow sails from left to right across the scene.Physical description: Materials: Pen and ink with wash on paperDimensions: 40 x 307 mm
12. 'File 3/1 Local affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence about local affairs in Trucial Oman. These mainly focus on the hostile relations between the Shaikhs of Trucial Oman, and the involvement of some rulers in the restriction of local activities. The file also contains reports sent between the Bahrain Agency, the Sharjah Residency and the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf when any trouble, meeting or peace agreement took place between the local rulers. The reports focused on demands for reforms raised by locals, notables and merchants. These were asking for various reforms including budget, education, health and sanitation, peace and order, removal of all sorts of corruption in the various departments, and the grant of justice and freedom to the inhabitants in trade and other crafts.The representatives of the British Government in the Gulf raised their concerns to the Shaikhs of Trucial Oman regarding the safety of British subjects, and employees. The file also contains petitions raised by the notables and merchants of Iranian and Indian communities living in Trucial Oman to the British authorities. These were also concerned about their own safety.The main correspondence is between the Residency Agent in Sharjah, the Political Agent in Bahrain, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the British Agency in Trucial Oman, as well as the various Shaikhs of Trucial Oman including Shaikh Said bin Maktum, Ruler of Dubai and Shaikh Sultan bin Salim, Ruler of Ras al-Khaimah.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 263; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional incomplete foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-238; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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