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1. 'Military Report on the Arabian Shores of the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, Bahrein, Hasa, Qatar, Trucial Oman and Oman'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is Military Report on the Arabian Shores of the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, Bahrein, Hasa, Qatar, Trucial Oman and Oman(Calcutta: Government of India Press, 1933). The volume was produced by the General Staff, India. The place name Bahrain is rendered in the title and elsewhere in the volume in the spelling 'Bahrein'.The volume contains information in separate sections for each of the places listed in the title under the following chapter headings:I Historical (ff 8-14);II Geography, Climate, Health (ff 15-54);III Population (ff 54-67);IV Water Supply; Resources (ff 68-70);V Armed Forces (ff 70-75);VI Aviation (ff 75-78);VII Political (ff 79-81);VIII Inter-Communication [wireless and telegraph] (ff 81-82);IX Communications [land routes] (ff 83-98).There are three appendices, which follow the same format:I Currency, Weights and Measures (f 99-102);II Landing Facilities - Maritime (ff 103-106);III List of Maps (f 106).The volume includes five maps of the region (ff 109-113).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 113 on the last of the five maps inserted in a pocket attached to the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. All five maps (ff 109, 110, 111, 112, 113) need to folded out to be examined. This is the system used to determine the sequence of pages in the volume.Pagination: an original printed pagination sequence, numbered 2-198 appears between ff 8-106.
2. 'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part IA & IB. J G Lorimer. 1915'
- Description:
- Abstract: Theses two volumes make up Volume I, Part IA and Part IB (Historical) (pages i-778 and 779-1624) of the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, ’Omān and Central Arabia(Government of India: 1915), compiled by John Gordon Lorimer and completed for press by Captain L Birdwood.Part 1A contains an 'Introduction' (pages i-iii) written by Birdwood in Simla, dated 10 October 1914. There is also a 'Table of Chapters, Annexures, Appendices and Genealogical Tables' (page v-viii) and 'Detailed Table of Contents' (pages ix-cxxx), both of which cover all volumes and parts of the Gazetteer.Parts IA and IB consist of nine chapters:'Chapter I. General History of the Persian Gulf Region' (Part IA, pages 1-396);'Chapter II. History of the ’Omān Sultanate' (Part IA, pages 397-629);'Chapter III. History of Trucial ’Omān' (Part IA, page 630-Part IB, page 786);'Chapter IV. History of Qatar' (Part IB, pages 787-835);'Chapter V. History of Bahrain' (Part IB, pages 836-946);'Chapter VI. History of Hasa' (Part IB, pages 947-999);'Chapter VII. History of Kuwait' (Part 1B, pages 1000-1050);'Chapter VIII. History of Najd or Central Arabia' (Part 1B, pages 1051-1178);'Chapter IX. History of Turkish ’Iraq' (Part 1B, pages 1179-1624).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The sequence runs through parts IA and IB as follows:Volume I, Part IA: The sequence begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 456. Total number of folios: 456. Total number of folios including covers and flysheets: 460.Volume I, Part IB: The sequence begins on the first folio with text, on number 457, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 878. It should be noted that folio 488 is followed by folio 488A. Total number of folios: 423. Total number of folios including covers and flysheets: 427.
3. 'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol. II. Geographical and Statistical. J G Lorimer. 1908'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume is Volume II of the Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, ’Omān and Central Arabia(Government of India: 1908) compiled by John Gordon Lorimer. The volume is a geographical dictionary with a series of alphabetically arranged articles relating to the physical and political conditions of the Persian Gulf and its surrounding areas.Pages i-iv are an 'Introduction' to the volume written by John Gordon Lorimer at Strathmartine, Dundee, on 24 December 1908. Details are given within the introduction concerning the content and arrangement of principal and subordinate articles and explanations of estimates of distance and time and other statistical information.Lorimer's introduction identifies the principal articles as:'’Omān Sultanate' (pages 1382-1425);'’Omān (Trucial)' [Trucial Oman] (pages 1425-1451);'Qatar' (pages 1505-1535);'Bahrain Principality' (pages 233-253);'Hasa Sanjāq' (pages 657-679);'Kuwait Principality' (pages 1058-1077);'Najd' (pages 1313-1351), supplemented by articles on 'Najd (Southern)' (pages 1351-1359), 'Qasīm' (pages 1485-1503) and 'Shammar (Jabal)' (pages 1732-1748);'’Irāq (Turkish)' (pages 759-882);'’Arabistān' (pages 115-151), suppplemented by articles on '’Arabistān (Northern)' (pages 151-157) and '’Arabistān (Southern)' (pages 157-165);'Persian Coast' (pages 1455-1468);'Makrān (Coast of Persian)' (pages 1130-1155).All articles have a similar form. The English and Arabic place or tribe name appears in the right or left margin, followed by the text of the article split into sub-sections and with topographical information arranged in tables. Arabic words are given in the text next to their equivalent transliterated into Latin script, with the transliteration system employed appearing in 'Appendix S' in Volume I, Part II (IOR/L/PS/20/C91/2, pages 2737-2741).Topics of information contained within the articles include: boundaries and sub-divisions; physical character and main features (for example, mountains and rivers); climate and seasons; natural products (vegetable, animal and mineral); agriculture and crops; livestock, including transport animals; inhabitants, with reference to racial and tribal distinctions, religious differences, mode of life, character, language, customs, dress and arms, and estimates of populations; trade (internal and external), with notice to currency, weights and measures, shipping, manufactures and industries, and miscellaneous occupations; communications by land and water, with descriptions of routes and estimates of transport; administration and government, especially police, justice, military resources, taxation and finance, and political constitution; and, international position and foreign interests, especially British and their representation in the country. Lorimer refers readers to the Appendices of Volume I, Part II (IOR/L/PS/20/C91/2, pages 2205-2741) for fuller details concerning: meteorology, health, date cultivation, transport animals and livestock, religions and sects, trade, sailing vessels, fisheries, pearl fisheries, and postal and telegraphic communications.There are fifty-six folios lacking page numbers that contain illustrations. The images are labelled as follows:'Wādi Bani Habīb in Jabal Akhdar'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'A Creek near Basrah from the Shatt=al=’Arab'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Bridge of Boats, Baghdād'. Photographer: Major G Arbuthnot;'The Hanaini well, Bahrain Island'. Photographer: John Calcott Gaskin;'Ancient Tumuli, Bahrain Island'. Photographer: John Calcott Gaskin;'Village of Qatārah Baraimi Oasis'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'The ’Ashshār creek in Basrah Town'. Photographer: Mr Albert Charles Wratislaw;'The British Consulate. Basrah, from the Shatt=al=’Arab. (Consulate building on the right of picture)'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Parade of British and Persian troops at Rīshehr, 1905';'Part of the town of Būshehr';'The Sea Front, Būshehr Town';'The British Political Residency, Būshehr';'Bridge at Buziyeh'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'The Fort [Qasr al-Ḥuṣn] of the Shaikh at Abu Dhabi'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'The Shaikh of Sharjah's Fort at Dhaid, Trucial Oman'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Dizfūl Town'. Photographer: Major G Arbuthnot;'Dohah in Qatar'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'A Canal in the Fallāhiyeh District'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'A Creek at Fāo'. Photographer: Mr W D Cumming;'Muti at the head of Wādi Halfain'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Near the village of Qārah in the Hasa Oasis'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'The village of Qārah in the Hasa Oasis'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'Desert bewteen the Hasa Oasis and Qatar'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'The Imāmzādeh of Haidar Karār at the place of formation of the Hindiyān River'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'The Hindyān River near Zaidān'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'General View of Hofūf'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'The Na’āthil Quarter, Hofūf'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'Hormuz - View from the old Fort'. Photographer: Raja Deen Dayal & Sons;'Crowd at Rās=al-Khaimah'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Rās=al-Khaimah, looking towards Ruūs=al=Jibāl'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Kumzār'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'The foreshore Kuwait, showing boat harbour'. Photographer: John Calcott Gaskin;'Camel riders of the Shaikh of Kuwait'. Photographer: Raja Deen Dayal & Sons;'Lingeh';'The Tīs Valley in Persian Makrān'. Photographer: Mr R H New;'Country between the Bīr and Kair Rivers in Persian Makrān'. Photographer: Mr R H New;'Mouth of the Tīs valley looking seawards'. Photographer: Mr R H New;'The British Agency, Manāmah, Bahrain'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'An Arab of the Manāsīr tribe'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'The Cemetery, Maqlab. (From A Photograph in the Possession of H Gabler, Esq, I E T D)';'Eastern end of Masqat Town, British Consulate on the left, Sultan's palace on the right'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'West end of Masqat Town from Sultan's Palace. & Fort Mīrāni'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Centre and Western end of Masqat Town with part of the Harbour'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'View of Wādi Mi’aidin from Sharaijah'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'River Scene Muhammareh'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Two Views of Muhammareh Town'. Photographer: John Calcott Gaskin;'Persian Battery at Muhammareh'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'View at Haz’=Dhabi, Trucial Oman'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'’Oqair Port'. Photographer: Herr Hermann Burchardt;'Salt Rocks on Qishm Island near Namakdān'. Photographer: Raja Deen Dayal & Sons;'The "Earl Canning" lying in Elphinstone inlet, Ruus=al=Jibal 1868. [Head of Inlet.] From A Photograph in the Possession of H Gabler, Esq, I E T D)';'Wadi Samail near Hisn Samail'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Eastern Face of Jabal=ash=Sham';'The port of Sur'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'Bilād=as=Sur'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox;'The Fort of Wakrah, Qatar'. Photographer: Major Percy Zachariah Cox.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence is circled in pencil in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 1034. It should be noted that f. 192 is followed by f. 192A.
4. 'File 1/A/38 II Negotiations with Bin Saud re: Eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia with Qatar & Trucial Oman.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the definition of the eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia with Qatar and Trucial Oman, and negotiations over the boundary between British officials and Ibn Saud (also referred to as Bin Saud) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, King of Saudi Arabia].The principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain; HM Minister, Jedda [Jeddah] (Sir Andrew Ryan), later the Chargé d'Affaires, Jeddah (Andrew Spencer Calvert); and senior officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India, and the Colonial Office.The papers cover: Anglo-Saudi negotiations over basing the frontier on the Blue Line [a line drawn by British and Turkish officials in 1913 from the Gulf of Uqair to parallel 20 degrees North, in the Rub al-Khali], and its extension on the side of Aden, the Violet Line; British proposals to base the frontier on a new line, the Green Line; further papers concerning the eastern, south, and south-eastern boundaries of Saudi Arabia; the effect of the proposed boundaries on the sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi; Foreign Office records of discussions between HM Minister, Jedda (Ryan) and the Deputy Saudi Arabian Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fuad Bey Hamza [Fu’ād Ḥamzah]), June-July 1935 (folios 85-102); papers concerning territorial claims of Ibn Saud in eastern and south-eastern Arabia, July 1935 (folios 103-108); investigations into tribal matters (e.g. folio 117); geological surveys and the likely presence of oil in the area (passim); the Qatar boundary (especially folios 136-173); the Qatar oil concession, September 1935 (folios 174-178); and papers concerning an air reconnaissance by British officials, with the assistance of the Royal Air Force (RAF), in order to determine certain key points on the proposed border in the area south of Qatar, October 1935 (folios 196-223).The Arabic language content of the papers consists of fewer than ten folios, mainly copies of correspondence between Ibn Saud and the Ruler of Qatar [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī].The date range gives the covering dates for the main items of correspondence; the earliest dated document is an enclosure to the first item of correspondence, dated 22 February 1935, and the last dated addition to the file is an entry in the notes on folio 229 dated 22 October [1935].Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 234; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-229; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in same position as the main sequence.
5. ‘File B/9 I (30/9-II) Residency Agent, Sharjah’s News Reports’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a series of bi-monthly news summaries about events in Trucial Oman, for the years 1935 and 1936, compiled by the Residency Agent, Sharjah and sent to the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire. The news summaries are also referred to in the correspondence as the Residency Agent’s fortnightly diaries. They cover several topics including: air and sea traffic, kidnapping and raids by Bedouin, the diving and pearl trade, public health, theft and other crimes, relations between the ruling shaikhs, ceremonial visits and occasions in the Trucial Coast shaikhdoms. Particular attention is paid to the actions of the Trucial shaikhs with regard to the maintenance of law and order in their territories, such as the peaceful resolution of tribal conflicts, the protection of their subjects and the dispensation of justice.There are also letters from the Residency Agent, Sharjah to the Political Agent, Bahrain reporting cases of assault, murder and other incidents. The news summaries and letters from the Residency Agent, Sharjah are in both Arabic and English.In addition, there is protracted correspondence between the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Political Resident about the protection of British Indian subjects from punishment according to Sharia Law, for an infringement of local laws in the Trucial States, by the creation of a Trucial Coast Order in Council, so that such offences would be prosecuted under Indian law by British authorities.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 420; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 2-383, and ff 385-418; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
6. ‘File XXVIII/9 Internal Politics and Relations with Oman Sohar, Sharaqiah, Nizwa and Baraimi News. 1925 to 1931.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence in the form of reports, letters and translated letters related to political affairs in Oman. The correspondence is mainly concerned with the news of Ibn Sa'ud’s probable attempt to take over the al-Buraimi region in north-west Oman and the arrangement of the shaikhs of Trucial Oman and Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih al-Harthi on behalf of the Imam of Oman to militarily unite against Ibn Sa'ud. To discuss the matter, members of the Bani Yas tribe from Dubai visit Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih in his home town al-Qabil (mistakenly referred to in the file as Kabul).The Political Agent at Muscat reports to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bushire, on internal affairs taking place in various towns that belong to the regions of al-Dhahira, al-Dakhiliyya and al-Sharqiyya of Oman. He also reports on clashes between the two main Omani factions, the Hanawi and the Ghafiri, and the role played by Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih al-Harthi to settle the cases, reportedly in order to unite various Omani tribes against Ibn Sa'ud.The file also includes news of the areas of Al-'Ainain, 'Ibri and Yanqul falling under the influence of Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih, and news of the murder of some local Omani shaikhs and the names of those who took over their positions.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 91; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-90; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
7. Vol 99: Secret Letters Outward
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of letters sent outwards from the British Residency in the Persian Gulf; the position of Resident in the Persian Gulf is held by Samuel Hennell during this period, with the exception of a brief period at the start of the file when the position is held James Morrison. This correspondence is predominantly addressed to the following recipients: John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Secret and Political Departments of the Government of Bombay; and the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors, London. The remainder consists of correspondence sent to various officers/officials of the British Government, and the East India Company, with a tiny minority being addressed to the officials/rulers of other powers. The subject matter relates to affairs affecting the position of the British in the Persian Gulf.Material concerning British relations and trade with Persia is heavily featured in the file; it covers events leading up to, and shortly subsequent to the withdrawal of the British Residency from Bushire in March 1839. Therefore, it also concerns itself with the British occupation of the island of Karrack [Khārk, Jazīreh-ye], which was undertaken without the permission of the Persian Government, and the reaction of the authorities of Bushire in response; the British view this response as hostile to their interests, and it is used to justify their withdrawal. The Persian siege of Herat (1837-1838) is also briefly discussed due to the impact it has on diplomatic relations between Britain and Persia; much of the material in the file therefore relates to the possibility of a diplomatic rupture between the two states.The expansion of the influence of Muhammad Ali Pasha [Muḥammad ‘Alī Pāshā] of Egypt into Central Arabia as a result of the conquest of Nedgd [Najd] by Khurshid Pasha [Khūrshid Pāshā] — Commander-in-Chief of Egyptian forces in Najd — is another prominent topic in the file; Khurshid Pasha successfully defeating and imprisoning Ameer Fysul [Amīr Fayṣul], the Wahabi Chief. Much of the material therefore concerns the attempts of the Resident to thwart the expansion of this influence to Bahrain, and the Maritime Arabs of the Arabian Coast (Trucial Oman), which he fears would undermine British influence in the Gulf.Other subjects covered more briefly include:The return of property belonging to Prince Ruza Kooly Mirza, which was left on deposit in the Residency Treasury at Bushire.British fears that the Russians are using Armenian priests as spies against British India.The arrival of Nawab Hajeah, widow to the late Prince at Shiraz with some of her descendants, and their wives, and children, followed by their detention by the Governor of Bushire, and their subsequent flight — with the assistance of the Resident — to Bussorah [Basra].The position of Shaikh Nasir [Shaykh Nāṣir], former Governor of Bushire, at Karrack; the Shaikh fled Bushire following a rupture with the Government of Fars, which he feared would seek to imprison him.The Resident's efforts to affect a settlement between Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah, Chief of Bahrain, and his 'revolted dependant' Esa ben Tareef [‘Isá bin Ṭarīf].The file contains an original index, which can be found at the front of the volume.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains the following foliation errors: 34, and 34A; 79, and 79A; 98, and 98A.Pagination: An original pagination sequence is also present in the volume between ff 3-126; these numbers are written in ink, and are located in the top outermost corner of each page.