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145. Coll 30/15 'Anthems and Flags of Various States. Bahrein [Bahrain], Koweit [Kuwait], Muscat, Asir, Yemen, Qatar, Trucial, Oman'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials related to the national anthems and official flags of a number of different states and their rulers. Specifically, the correspondence relates to the national anthem of Bahrain, the personal standard of the Ruler of Kuwait, the flag of Muscat, the flag of Qatar and the flags of the various states of the Trucial Coast.In addition to correspondence, the file contains the following:sheet music for the tune of 'Salutation and March to His Highness the Sultan of Muscat and Oman' (folio 45)small sketches of the peace and wartime flags of the Trucial States, with details in both English and Arabic (folios 55-57)a sketch of the flag of Qatar (folio 72 and 74)The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 130; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
146. Coll 30/219 'Affairs in Qatar'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, reports, and intelligence summaries, sent to the India Office, and later the Foreign Office, concerning affairs in Qatar. The reports refer frequently to the 'unsatisfactory' state of internal affairs in Qatar.The papers include: reports by the Political Agent, Bahrain on visits to Qatar, 1941 and 1943 (including references to internal politics and slavery); the situation in Zubara, 1944; reports of attacks on Indian and Pakistani nationals in Qatar, 1949; the abdication of Shaikh Abdullah [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], and accession of Shaikh Ali [‘Alī bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Thānī], 1949; and general matters, 1949.There are no papers dated 1945-48. The file also includes the text of a treaty, dated 3 November 1916, between HM Government and the Ruler of Qatar (folios 21-22).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is at folio 23.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 35; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-33; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
147. Coll 25/18 'Orders-in-Council: Qatar: Jurisdiction over foreigners in Qatar'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, minute papers, and notes relating to the issue of The Qatar Order in Council, 1939. The correspondence is mostly between officials at the Foreign Office, India Office, Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, and the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department (later, External Affairs). The papers concern the discussion of the need for the order, its drafting, issue, and distribution, as well as its revision in 1939.Correspondence with the Shaikh of Qatar, Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], is also included and mostly relates to his wish for assurance of his jurisdiction over Muslim foreigners.A copy of the order is found on folios 138-153. A copy of the Kuwait Order in Council is also included, for reference purposes (folios 271-86).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 317; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 2-103 and ff 104-316. These are also both written in pencil and located in the top right corner of each folio. The former have been circled and crossed out, the latter have not been circled.
148. Coll 27/21(1) 'Passports. For employees of oil companies proceeding to the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence mainly relating to visas for countries in the Persian Gulf for employees and wives of employees of oil companies, mostly the Kuwait Oil Company, Limited (for Kuwait), but also other oil companies including: the Iraq Petroleum Company, Limited (for Bahrain and Qatar); the Standard Oil Company (for Kuwait and Oman); the Bahrain Petroleum Company (for Bahrain); the Superior Oil Company (for Kuwait); and Petroleum Concessions Limited (for Bahrein and Qatar). It also includes correspondence concerning visas for Bahrain for employees of the British Overseas Airways Corporation.The correspondence is largely between the India Office (and the Commonwealth Relations Office after the abolition of the India Office in 1947) and the following: the (Foreign Office) Passport Control Department; the Kuwait Oil Company, Limited; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Iraq Petroleum Company, Limited; the Political Agent, Bahrain; and the Bahrein Petroleum Company, Limited.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 469; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
149. Coll 30/195 ‘Persian Gulf Defence QATAR.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to the defence of Qatar.It includes a copy of a letter from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to the Air Officer Commanding, British Forces in Iraq, 8 August 1938, concerning the defence of Qatar, including the possibe need to protect an oil field and pipeline against tribal attack and sabotage in the event of Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited striking oil.It also includes: a copy of a paper entitled ‘Appreciation of the Situation regarding the Defence of the Qatar Peninsula Against Tribal Attack and Sabotage’, by the Major R G Price, GSO2, Air Headquarters, British Forces in Iraq, January 1939 (which includes a blueprint sketch map of Qatar, IOR/L/PS/12/3936, f 13); and copies of letters from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to the Air Officer Commanding, British Forces in Iraq, 2 March 1939, and from the Political Agent at Bahrain to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, 17 February 1939, regarding Price's report.In addition, the file includes correspondence dated January 1943 between the India Office, the War Office, and the Commander-in-Chief, Middle East, relating to the proposed gift of guns and ammunition to the Shaikhs of Qatar, Dibai [Dubai, also spelled Debai in the file], and Sharjah.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 27; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
150. Coll 30/203 ‘Persian Gulf. Qatar – Proposed engagement of an “adviser on foreign affairs” by the sheikh.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers relating to suspicions that Shaikh Abdullah bin Qasim al Thani [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], Ruler of Qatar, desired to obtain an Iraqi adviser on foreign affairs, and objections to this by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the India Office, and the Foreign Office.The correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the India Office; the Foreign Office; and the Government of India External Affairs Department.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 13; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
151. Coll 30/87(1) 'Qatar: Oil Concession.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns discussions between the British Government and the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) over the drafting of an agreement to obtain an oil concession in Qatar (also spelled Katr and Qatr) for the company. The British Government was keen that the concession should be obtained by a British company.The papers cover: discussion and drafts of the commercial agreement between APOC and the Shaikh of Qatar [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī]; drafts of the political agreement between HM Government and APOC; minutes of meetings at the India Office between British Government officials and representatives of APOC; the attitude of the Shaikh of Qatar; the risk of the Shaikh granting the concession to the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (folio 293); the need to keep exploitation of oil in Qatar in British hands, in order to ensure greater political control and avoid international complications arising from the safety of foreign nationals (folio 265); the particular difficulties involved in developing an oil industry in Qatar (e.g. folio 262); the question of the development of air facilities in Qatar, including correspondence from the Air Ministry (e.g. folios 236-237); the involvement of the Admiralty in the discussions (e.g. folios 209-210); the modelling of the Qatar oil concession on that of Koweit [Kuwait] (e.g. folios 194-197); the possibility of constructing an oil refinery in Qatar (e.g. folio 104); the potential effect on APOC of customs and import dues in Qatar (e.g. folios 68-69); British political representation in Qatar (folios 59-60); the southern limit of the proposed Qatar oil concession; and the potential for disputes with Ibn Saud [Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], arising from the definition of Qatar's boundary with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (e.g. folios 20-21).The main correspondents are senior officials at the India Office (especially John Gilbert Laithwaite), and representatives of APOC.The Arabic language content of the papers consists of two place names on a map entitled 'Sketch Map of Qatar Peninsula' on folio 14.The file also contains a small number of papers dated 1914-16.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 378; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves have not been foliated.
152. Coll 30/87(2) Part I 'Qatar: Oil Concession.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the signing of the agreement between the British Government, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) (later the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company), and the Shaikh of Qatar, Abdullah bin Qasim al Thani [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī] to award the company an exclusive oil concession in Qatar (also spelled Qatr and Katr). The file also concerns preliminary oil explorations in Qatar, and the subsequent suspension of operations on the orders of the British Government.The papers cover: discussion, drafts and text of the commercial agreement between the Shaikh of Qatar and APOC (signed 17 May 1935); discussion, draft and text of the political agreement between HM Government and APOC (signed 5 June 1935); the use by the Shaikh of modern, Egyptian Arabic to make comments on the draft (folios 624-625); British support for the proposal that disputes between foreign employees of the company and inhabitants of Qatar should not be submitted to the Shara [Sharia] courts (folio 604); intelligence on the activities of the Standard Oil Company [California-Arabia Standard Oil Company] (e.g. folio 443); British emphasis that military protection would be afforded to the Shaikh of Qatar on condition that he awarded the oil concession to APOC, and the assumption by Britain of responsibility for the protection of Qatar (e.g. folios 400-403); the transfer of the concession from the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company to Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited (e.g. folios 335-357); the payment of salaries to the Shaikh's representatives (e.g. folios 294-295); water drilling operations by the company (e.g. folios 237-241); references to Qatar's disputed border with Saudi Arabia; reports of preliminary drilling results and first discoveries of oil (1939-41); employment of foreign personnel by Petroleum Concessions Limited in Qatar (folios 180-182); the suspension of drilling operations on the orders of HM Government in 1942 as a result of war conditions, including correspondence on the subject between British officials and the Shaikh of Qatar, 1942-43; note that the suspension had been ordered because the British military authorities were unable to spare sufficient personnel to ensure the destruction of the oil wells, should the military situation demand it (folio 41); correspondence dated 1944 concerning a proposed increase in world oil refining capacity; and further correspondence dated 1944 concerning the boundary between Qatar and Bahrain at Hawar Island.The main correspondents are senior officials at the India Office, representatives of the oil companies concerned, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The Arabic language content of the file consists of approximately 30 folios of correspondence, largely between British officials and the Ruler of Qatar.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of four physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover of volume one (ff 1-161) and terminates at the inside back cover of volume four (ff 486-647); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
153. Coll 30/87(2) Part II 'Qatar: Oil Concession - P.C.L.'s Operations.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the operations of Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) (and its subsidiary Petroleum Development (Qatar) Limited) in Qatar. Of particular importance in the file is the issue of the division of the sea bed for drilling operations between PCL's concession, and that of the Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited (BAPCO) in Bahrain.The file contains discussion of the issue by the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Ministry of Fuel and Power, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Political Agent, Bahrain.The papers cover: the resumption of drilling operations in Qatar after their suspension during the Second World War; payment of royalties; the Hawar Islands; the granting of permission to use wireless sets; the response of British officials to a United States Government request to PCL for information on petroleum resources in Qatar and the Trucial Coast, October-November 1946; aerial surveys of the Bahrain-Qatar Unallotted Area; the application of US President Harry S Truman's continental shelf doctrine to the issue (e.g. folios 141, 110); maps of the area; Admiralty comments on the need for all parties to be aware that the sea bed only was concerned, and that the waters above, and free navigation, were in no way affected (folio 46); correspondence from the oil companies involved; and the reactions of local rulers to the negotiations.The file also contains five maps.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 296; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. Foliation anomaly: 268a.
154. Coll 7/32 'Persian Gulf: supply of arms and ammunition to the Shaikh of Qatar'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence regarding requests from the Shaikh of Qatar ('Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī) to import arms and ammunition, under the terms of his 1916 treaty with Britain.The correspondence documents attempts to convince the Shaikh to purchase British-manufactured arms and ammunition, on the grounds that, should an emergency situation arise, the Government of India would be in a better position to fulfil Qatari demands for ammunition and spare parts. The correspondence also discusses British concerns that the Shaikh intended to sell the imported arms, that arming Qatar would lead to tensions with Ibn Sa'ūd, and that Germany could increase their commercial and political influence in the region if the Shaikh equipped his army with German munitions. The file also includes a small quantity of correspondence with BSA Guns Limited, regarding orders for arms and ammunition and applications for the requisite export licences.The primary correspondents are the India Office Political Department, the Government of India Foreign and Political Department, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, the Political Agent at Bahrain, and the Air Officer Commanding British Forces in Iraq.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 83; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An external leather cover wraps around the documents; the inside front cover has been foliated as f 1.
155. Coll 35/24 'Persian Gulf: establishment of a wireless station in Qatar by Anglo Persian Oil Company'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the proposed establishment of a wireless station in Qatar by Anglo Persian Oil Company station in Abadan, to communicate with their Bahrain station, having obtained permission from the ruler of Qatar.The file contains correspondence between the India Office and Cable and Wireless Limited.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 6; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
156. Coll 5/11 ‘Air Route to India: Arab Coast Route – Emergency Landing Ground at Qatar’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, memoranda, and reports relating to two topics. The first topic is an attempt by the British Government to obtain permission for an emergency landing ground in Qatar during 1932. The second topic relates to the air facilities needed by the Royal Air Force (RAF) in Qatar, if an offer of British protection is to be made to the Shaikh of Qatar in return for an oil concession for the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC). In respect of this second topic, the file also contains material regarding a reconnaissance undertaken by the Royal Air Force over Qatar on the 9 May 1934 to identify suitable sites for such facilities. It includes a copy of a report on the reconnaissance – submitted by Bomber Squadron No 84, Shaibah, Iraq – on folios 27-32, along with a tracing of Qatar (folio 7) and a number of aerial photographs (folios 8-22) referenced in the report.A draft copy of the Qatar Oil Concession can be found on folios 93-101, and notes of amendments proposed by the British Government can be found on folios 80-89. In addition, a number of India Office memoranda have also been included towards the back of the file: El Qatar, 1908-16(folio 167), The Trucial Coast Chiefs, 1908-28(folios 168-71), and a Précis of the Treaties and Engagements between the British Government and the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf(folios 164-67).The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf(Trenchard Craven William Fowle), the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, officials of the Air Ministry, and officials of the India Office.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 173; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.