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1. ‘Gazetteer of Persia, Part III, including Fārs, Lūristān, Arabistān, Khūzistān, Yazd, Karmānshāh, Ardalān, Kurdistān’
- Description:
- Abstract: The third of four volumes comprising a Gazetteer of Persia.The volume, which is marked Confidential, covers Fārs, Lūristān [Lorestān], Arabistān, Khūzistān [Khūzestān], Yazd, Karmānshāh [Kermānshāh], Ardalān, and Kurdistān. The frontispiece states that the volume was revised and updated in April 1885 in the Intelligence Branch of the Quartermaster General’s Department in India, under the orders of Major General Sir Charles Metcalfe Macgregor, Quartermaster-General in India. Publication took place in Calcutta [Kolkata] by the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, in 1885.The following items precede the main body of the gazetteer:a note by Lieutenant-Colonel Mark Sever Bell, Deputy Quartermaster General, Intelligence Branch, requesting inaccuracies, omissions and suggestions for the gazetteer be reported to the Deputy Quartermaster General;a second note, dated 26 November 1885, describing the geographical scope of the four volumes comprising the Gazetteer of Persia, and also making reference to the system of transliteration used (Hunterian) and authorities consulted;a preface, containing a summary of the geographical boundaries of the Gazetteer, a description of the Persian coast of the Persian Gulf, an abridged account of trade in the Persian Gulf for the year 1884, and a description of telegraphs in the regions described by the Gazetteer.The gazetteer includes entries for human settlements (villages, towns and cities), geographic regions, tribes, significant geographic features (such as rivers, canals, mountains, valleys, passes), and halting places on established routes. Figures for latitude, longitude and elevation are indicated where known.Entries for human settlements provide population figures, water sources, location relative to other landmarks, climate. Entries for larger towns and cities can also include tabulated meteorological statistics (maximum and minimum temperatures, wind direction, remarks on cloud cover and precipitation), topographical descriptions of fortifications, towers, and other significant constructions, historical summaries, agricultural, industrial and trade activities, government.Entries for tribes indicate the size of the tribe (for example, numbers of men, or horsemen), and the places they inhabit. Entries for larger tribes give tabulated data indicating tribal subdivisions, numbers of families, encampments, summer and winter residences, and other remarks.Information sources are provided at the end of each gazetteer entry, in the form of an author or source’s surname, italicised and bracketed.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 341; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume has two printed pagination systems, the first of which uses Roman numerals and runs from I to XIII (ff 3-10), while the second uses Arabic numerals and runs from 1 to 653 (ff 12-338).
2. ‘Gazetteer of Kermanshah.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Gazetteer of the province of Kermanshah, Persia [Iran], compiled by Hyacinth Louis Rabino, Vice-Consul at Resht [Rasht] at the time of the gazetteer’s publication in 1907, and who had been Acting Consul at Kermanshah during 1904 and 1905. The gazetteer, which is marked for official use only, was issued by the Division of the Chief of the Staff of the Government of India, and published at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla [Shimla]. At the front of the volume is an introduction by Lieutenant-Colonel Wilfrid Malleson, Acting Quartermaster General for Intelligence, dated 22 March 1907, and a preface by the author, dated 24 June 1904, with notes on the transliteration system used (folios 4-5).The gazetteer includes five appendices, numbered I to V, as follows:appendix I, a translation from the French original of a description of the road from Kermanshah to Mendali [Mandalī], via Harunabad [Eslāmābād-e Gharb] and Gilan [Sarāb-e Gīlān], as recorded in a journal by Leon Leleux, Inspector General of Customs at Kermanshah;II, a translation from the Persian original of a description of the villages in the immediate vicinity of the caravanserai of Mahidasht, written by the Mirza of Customs at Mahidasht;III, a vocabulary of terms;IV, a list of the principal roads from Baghdad to Teheran via Kermanshah, with distances given in miles and farsakhs;V, a list of the notables of Kermanshah.The gazetteer contains extensive extracts from a range of sources, including: an earlier, unspecified gazetteer, published in 1885; various works on Persia by British Government officials (including Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, the Viceroy of India George Nathaniel Curzon, Captain George Campbell Napier); published works by a number of scholars and explorers of Persia (notably Trevor Chichele Plowden, Jacques De Morgan, Henry James Whigham, and James Baillie Fraser); reports from other sources, including Leleux, and the Mirza of Customs at Mahidasht.Some of the appendices’ pages appear to have been mixed up. Included among them are: a genealogical table of the princes of Kermanshah (f 239); and hierarchical tables listing the chiefs of the principal tribes of the province of Kermanshah (ff 244-245).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 250; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
3. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 44. PART I. (From 1st to 15th March 1918).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 15 March 1918. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume and a summary of the contents can be found at folios 3-22. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military Operations dated 3 March 1918 (ff 65-67) and 10 March 1918 (ff 196-197)Supplies, particularly of petrol, timber, tinplate, and baconMovements of Turkish [Ottoman] troopsThe occupation of Hit and Sahibiyah [As Siniyah]Reinforcements for Force DReports from the Royal Flying Corps of machines in service and pilots availableInformation concerning the recruitment and movements of DunsterforceSupplies for railway constructionA shortage of Inland Water Transport and railway personnelPro-Bolshevik feeling among Russian volunteersThe closure of Russian intelligence officesDiscussion of British policy concerning Persia [Iran], and remarks on the situation in KermanshahThe dispatch of the 3rd Division to PalestineEfforts to economise on suppliesMovement of ships and loads transportedAction by the JangalisThe condition of the road to KermanshahLocally sourced supplies.The following tables appear:Distribution and composition of Force D, including details of: lines of communication; general organisation; and names of General Officers and Brigade Commanders (ff 23-37)State of supplies on 23 February 1918 (ff 49-50), 2 March 1918 (ff 148-150, 166-167), 9 March 1918 (ff 254-255), 9 March 1918 (ff 297-299)Weekly return of the sick and wounded on 16 February 1918 (ff 51-52), 23 February 1918 (ff 190-191), 2 March 1918 (ff 290-292)Ration strength of Force D on 9 February 1918 (ff 70-73), 16 February 1918 (ff 204-208), 2 February 1928 (ff 274-280)Strength returns and distributions for Force D on 22 December 1917 (ff 84-96), 16 February 1917 (ff 112-120), 2 February 1918 (ff 120-122), 29 December 1917 (ff 124-136), 5 January 1918 (ff 168-180), 9 February 1918 (ff 208-210), 12 January 1918 (ff 238-250), 23 February 1918 (ff 256-264)Distribution of the Turkish Army on 5 March 1918 (ff 106-108), 12 March 1918 (ff 231-233).Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 303; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-301; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
4. Foreign Office Papers: Persia
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises printed Foreign Office correspondence relating to Persia [Iran], covering geopolitical, political, economic, social and cultural matters. The despatches are dated 7 July 1897-22 September 1898.The first page of each despatch includes the heading ‘ASIA. CONFIDENTIAL.’ on the top left, and the day and month of the despatch in square brackets on the top right e.g. ‘[July 7.]’. The letters in each despatch are numbered, e.g. No. 1, followed, where relevant, by numbered enclosures (spelled ‘inclosure’ in the volume), e.g. ‘Inclosure in No. 1.’ or ‘Inclosure 1 in No. 2.’. A few of the letters from Charles Hardinge, First Secretary, Tehran, to Persian Government ministers are in French.The item notably covers and includes:The financial difficulties of the Persian Government including: negotiations for foreign loans to the Persian Government, notably a proposed loan of forty million francs by Messrs Solomon Oppenheim of Paris and Cologne on the security of the customs revenues of the southern ports of Persia, and proposed Russian loans (including a copy of a draft agreement, in French, presented to the Persian Government by the Russian Legation, ff 375-376); and loans negotiated with the Imperial Bank of Persia, notably a loan of fifty-thousand pounds secured by control of the customs revenue of Bushire [Bushehr] and KermanshahAffairs relating to the Persian Mint and its relations with the Imperial Bank of PersiaThe murder of Mr Graves, a commissioned officer of the Indo-European Telegraph Department, at Karwan in southern Persia, the indemnity demanded from the Persian Government by the British Government, measures taken for the arrest and punishment of the murderers, and arrangements for the future protection of the telegraph line and company employeesFactionalism, internecine strife, and changes in personnel within the Persian Government and Cabinet, including the dismissal of the Sadr-i-Azam [Ṣadr A‘ẓam, Prime Minister] in June 1898The assassination of Sheikh Mizal [Shaikh Miz’al Khān], Governor of Muhammerah [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammerah], and recognition of Sheikh Khazal [Shaikh Khas’al bin Jābir bin Mirdāw al-Ka’bī, also spelled Khasal in this item] as the new GovernorAn attack on Koweit [Kuwait] by the Persian Sheikh Yussuf Ibrahim [Shaikh Yūsuf Ibrāhīm]The state of affairs in Azerbaijan and TabrizThe state of affairs in Persian Beluchistan [Balochistan]Rumours of a raid by members of the Shahsavend [Shahsavan] tribe into Russian territory allegedly killing twenty-five CossacksConstruction of the (Gulf of) Enzeli-Kazvin Road [Bandar-e Anzali-Qazvin], involving a concession by the Persian Government to the Russian Insurance and Transport CompanyRusso-Persian relations notably following the Russian doctors and Cossack escort forced upon the Persian Government against their willMilitary news and reportsThe persecution of Jews in Ispahan [Isfahan] and in Lar, including British official protests and concern to protect British Jews at those placesDisturbances at Charbar [Chabahar] and Jask and the deputation of (British) Indian troops to those placesThe construction of a road from Ahwaz [Ahvaz] to Ispahan and from Shuster [Shushtar] to Ispahan, and agreement of Messrs Lynch Brothers with Ali Guli Khan [Alī -Qulī Khān Sirdār Asad Bakhtiyārī] and others (ff 310-311), guaranteed by the Persian GovernmentA report by HM Consul in Ispahan on his journey to Kermanshah and Tehran, in connection with the question of the disputed properties of the British Agent at Kermanshah (ff 325-327)A report by Captain G S Elliot, HM Vice-Consul at Van, of a journey across the Persian frontier and reporting generally on state of affairs on both sides of the [Persian and Turkish] border (ff 362-368), notably covering the activities of Armenians in Van, and the Russian Mission to Nestorian Christians in Urumiah [Urmia or Orumiyeh]An insurrection in Yemen and the deployment of five to six thousand Ottoman troops to repress itA report of a journey across a part of Persian Baluchistan [Balochistan] by Captain Percy Molesworth Sykes (ff 400-401).The primary correspondents are: the Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary; Charles Hardinge, First Secretary, Tehran; Sir Philip Currie, Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire; Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran; the Imperial Bank of Persia; the India Office; and the Foreign Office. Enclosures are chiefly: correspondence of British diplomatic officials in the Middle East, notably William Loch, Consul-General at Bagdad [Baghdad]; reports and monthly summaries from Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Philip Picot, Military Attaché at Tehran; and occasional letters from Persian Government ministers.Physical description: 1 volume (215 folios)
5. Ext 345/43 'Indiscretions of Soviet consul at Kermanshah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists primarily of letters between the British Legation, Tehran, and the Foreign Office about the report on celebration on the tenth anniversary of the Russian revolution in Kermanshah written by Political Adviser, Colonel Fletcher. In his report he explains the indiscretions of Soviet Consul, Valdimir Troukhanovaky of the Russian Consulate. As a result the Foreign Office drafted a report for the Soviet Ambassador explaining the issue regarding the Consul.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 14; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
6. Turkish Arabia Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises a copy of an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 3 of 1847, dated 9 January 1847. The enclosure is dated 27 November 1846.The primary document is a despatch from Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], forwarding, for the information of the Government of Bombay and the Governor-General of India, copies of his communications to Henry Wellesley, HM Minister Plenipotentiary at Constantinople [Istanbul], reporting on affairs in the Bagdad Pachalic [Baghdad Pashalik].The papers cover the following matters:The punishment of the Persian [Iranian] troops who forced the gate at Kerbela [Karbala] the previous spring (1846) and the reparation and apology offered to Nejib Pashah, Pasha of Bagdad [Muḥammad Najīb Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad], by the Persian Government, which was delayed on its passage to Bagdad due to the quarantine measures imposed by Mohib Ali Khan [Muḥibb ʿAlī Khān], Governor of KermanshahThe serious disturbances in the southern part of the province of Kermanshah requiring Mohib Ali Khan to lead a force there, and so delaying the ‘tranquilisation’ of the Turco-Persian frontiers during the forthcoming winterThe problems at Bagdad subsequent to passport regulations being applied to Persian pilgrims (to Karbala) by the Turkish [Ottoman] Government, including: delays in issuing passports due to the large number of pilgrims; disagreement between Nejib Pasha and the Persian Consul over the proportion of Persian pilgrims entitled to free passports following the (unverified) order of the [Ottoman] Porte to grant them to poorer pilgrims; Nejib Pasha’s objection to the Persian Consul issuing passports to Persian pilgrims on the basis that Russian ‘Mahomedans’ [Muslims] from Georgia with Russian passports are not restricted, and his threats to repudiate the right of all Persian pilgrims to passports if the practice continuesRawlinson’s report on a conference he attended between Nejib Pasha and the Persian Consul, largely consisting of the Consul’s complaints about the infringement of Persian rights and Nejib Pasha’s responses, in relation to: a Persian nobleman of high rank who was deprived of his arms on his visit to Kerbella [Karbala] during the summer; the enlistment of Persian refugee soldiers in the Turkish army; frontier matters including the ‘depredations’ by frontier tribes; the Turkish guard ship off Mohamerah [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammerah] which the Consul claims is impeding the trade of that place; and Persian intentions to facilitate the passage of their pilgrims journeying to Kerbela across the rivers Diala [Diyala] and Euphrates at cost-price in order to counter the expensive charges of the company contracted by the Turkish Government.Physical description: 1 item (9 folios)
7. Coll 28/111 ‘Persia. Kermanshah – Political diaries.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Monthly political diaries submitted by the British Consul at Kermanshah in Persia [Iran]. The diaries cover much of the Second World War and the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Iran. The reports cover Kermanshah Province, and include summaries of: local Persian administration; the activities of local tribes; affairs in [Persian] Kurdistan; political affairs, including the activities of the Tudeh Party of Iran and the local workers’ union; agricultural production, food supply and food shortages; economic and commercial activities; British interests; Soviet interests; British, Soviet, and to a lesser extent German propaganda activities. A small number of items of correspondence are also included in the file. Some of the reports are preceded by note sheets which contain summaries of the reports written by India Office staff.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the front of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 374; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
8. Coll 28/111(2) ‘Persia. Kermanshah – Political Diaries.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Monthly political diaries submitted by the British Consul at Kermanshah in Persia [Iran]. The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/11 ‘Persia. Kermanshah – Political diaries.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3522). The diaries cover the post-war period, with some reference made to events in Azerbaijan in December 1946, and the actions of Iranian Kurdish nationalists. The reports focus on local political affairs, including the actions of key officials in Kermanshah, the activities of the Tudeh Party of Iran and Democratic Party, and local government elections. The reports also cover: the activities of local tribes; agricultural production and food supply; economic and commercial activities; British, Soviet and American [USA] interests.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the front of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 75; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
9. Coll 28/130 ‘Persia. Tribal situation and recommended policy.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Reports and some correspondence relating to British policy towards tribes in Persia [Iran] during the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Persia in the Second World War. The file includes:An undated note on tribal policy in Kurdistan and Kermanshah, prepared by Lieutenant-Colonel C W Fletcher, Political Adviser at the British Consulate in Kermanshah, and with additional comments from the British Legation at Tehran. The note includes details of tribal chiefs, disarmament, and tribal hostility towards the government (ff 16-21)A 1944 report on the Bakhtiari tribe, prepared by the British Consul at Isfahan, Charles Alexander Gault. The report includes sections on: geography; communications; history; the Bakhtiari Governorate; tribal characteristics; military value; economic value; tribal organisation; the Khans; and a conclusion (ff 24-88).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 95; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
10. Coll 28/78 ‘Persia. Economic and trade conditions in Kermanshah’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and reports relating to economic conditions in the province of Kermanshah in Persia [Iran]:Correspondence dated 1928 relating to a complaint made by the Ottoman Bank, regarding alleged misstatements it had made, as reported by HM’s Consul at Kermanshah, Noel Patrick Cowan, in his commercial report for May 1928 (ff 59-66)Miscellaneous correspondence relating to reports on the economic conditions in Kermanshah, and the distribution of these reports (ff 46-58)A typewritten copy of a report on the economic conditions in the province of Kermanshah, with a mention of Hamadan, for the Persian year 1314 (corresponding to April 1935 to March 1936 in the Gregorian calendar), prepared by the Acting Consul at Kermanshah, Charles Alexander Gault (ff 5-45). The report contains chapters on imports and exports (including those between Iraq and Iran), agriculture, industry, opium production, British trade and foreign competition, Russian interests, Iranian Government monopolies, tax and finances, smuggling, transport, and communications.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 67; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-66; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
11. Coll 28/98 ‘Persia. Grant of asylum to political refugees.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence stemming from an enquiry made on 2 August 1935 by the Acting Consul at Kermanshah, Charles Alexander Gault, to HM Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary at Tehran, Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugesson, as to whether traders and ulemain the town could take bast (asylum) in the Consulate. Other papers in the file include a circular despatch from the Counsellor at the British Legation in Tehran, Nevile Montagu Butler, dated 14 April 1936, containing instructions to consular officers on how to handle asylum requests in Persia [Iran], and a note from the Iranian delegation to the League of Nations dated 28 January 1937, stating that the ancient right of bast in Persia has ‘not for a long time past existed in Iran.’The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 13; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Note that folios 5 and 6 appear in incorrect order.
12. File 2612/1912 Pt 1 ‘Tehran Sanitary Council’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains part 1 of papers from and about the Tehran Sanitary Council (also referred to as the Conseil Sanitaire de l’Empire de Perse). It chiefly comprises copies of the proceedings (in French) of the 99 through to the 127 meetings of the Council, forwarded by the British Ambassador at Tehran (Sir George Head Barclay; Sir Walter Beaupre Townley) to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey), and then forwarded by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Under-Secretary of State for India.The proceedings detail reports of epidemics (including plague, cholera, malaria) occurring in Persia and its neighbours (including the Persian Gulf, Russia, India), and measures taken to implement quarantine and vaccination measures to prevent their spread. In the reports, recurring mention is made of epidemics in Kermanshah [Kermānshāh], Khorassan [Khorāsān], Bouchir [Bushire] and Astrakhan. Interspersed with the meeting proceedings are copies of British Government correspondence, chiefly in the form of detailed accounts of the meetings, written by Dr Anthony Richard Neligan, physician at the British Legation in Tehran, who attended meetings in his capacity as Doctor of the Legation (Médecins de Légations).The part includes a divider which gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (f 3).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 208; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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