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37. ‘File 16/2 Correspondence between the Hon. the P.R. and H.E. the H.C. for Iraq and King Ibn Saud’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence between British Government officials, and between the Political Agent at Bahrain (Captain Charles Geoffrey Prior) and the King of Nejd and Hejaz (Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd]), concerning territorial transgressions and treaties associated with the borders between Nejd and Kuwait, Iraq and Trans Jordania [Jordan].Reference is made in the correspondence to: the presence of ‘rebellious subjects’ (associated with the Ikhwan), including Shaikh Faisal ed Dawish [Fayṣal al-Duwaysh], in Kuwait in late 1929; raids made by Ibn Mesaad in Trans Jordania in early 1930; arrangements for the signing of a Bon Voisinage(good neighbourly relations) treaty between the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz and Iraq at Baghdad in March 1930, following the meeting of King of Iraq [Fayṣal al-Awwal ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] and Ibn Saud, on board the British vessel HMS Lupinin February 1930.Other correspondents in the file, to which reference is made in the file’s title, are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Vincent Biscoe, referred to as ‘the P.R.’), and his Excellency (‘H.E.’) the High Commissioner (‘H.C.’) for Iraq (Sir Francis Henry Humphrys).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 40; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
38. ‘File 16/5 Bahrain Agency: fortnightly political diaries’
- Description:
- Abstract: Reports, submitted by the Political Agent (Captain Charles Geoffrey Prior) or the Indian Assistant at the Political Agency in the Political Agent’s absence, detailing proceedings at Bahrain and elsewhere. The reports are organised under various headings, as follows:arrivals and departures of ships at Bahrain (with details of cargoes and their origins), and of the arrivals and departures of flying boats;the movements of British Government representatives (the Political Agent, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf);news from elsewhere in the region (Nejd, including updates of Ibn Saud’s [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] movements; Qatar, including Shaikh Abdullah’s [‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī] actions and movements; and events at Qatif [Al-Qaṭīf]);news in Bahrain, including the activities of members of the Āl Khalīfah ruling family, economic news, including reports of bankruptcies, and updates on the year’s poor pearling season, including diminished pearl yields, and pearl trading activity;meteorological reports, including details of the minimum and maximum temperatures for each fortnight, and rainfall figures;miscellaneous news, including the visits of foreigners to Bahrain, activities of the American Mission’s representatives, a visit by geologists from Eastern General & Syndicate Limited.Specific events of note include:disturbances at two Sunni schools in Bahrain, in which schoolmasters went on strike. Contributing causes to the disaffection, suggested by the Political Agent, include staff salaries, the school inspector’s preference for a schooling system ‘based on Beirut’, the rumoured curtailment of religious teaching, and an expansion of English teaching to the detriment of Arabic (ff 10-12);the opening by Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah of a new electric power station in Bahrain (f 24).Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 63; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 1-19; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
39. ‘File 16/6 Diary weekly Kuwait’
- Description:
- Abstract: Fortnightly reports (as opposed to weekly reports, as stated on its cover) from the Political Agency in Kuwait. The reports are signed by the Political Agent (Major James Carmichael More; Major Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett; Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson), or, in his absence, the Agency’s head clerk. The reports, which are broadly consistent in their content and arrangement from one fortnight to the next, contain information on:the arrival and departure of steamships and aircraft;British interests, such as the movements of the Political Agent, activities of Eastern & General Syndicate Limited in Kuwait, including the drilling of water wells, Royal Air Force (RAF) activity;foreign interests, reporting the activities and movements of foreigners at Kuwait, including doctors and other representatives of the American Mission;local interests, including the activities of the Ruler of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ), activity and success of the pearling season, locust plagues (sometimes referred to as ‘dibbas’), establishment of the municipality of Kuwait, and municipal works;paper currency and rates of exchange;meteorological data (maximum temperatures during summer, rainfall during winter);rates of exchange for various commodities in the bazaars.Frequently coming under the headings of foreign interests or desert news, are reports of disturbances, raids, and clashes around Kuwait’s borders with Nejd and Iraq, between Bedouin tribes and families associated with the Ikhwan (also spelt Akhwan in the file), and those allied to the King of Nejd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, referred to throughout the file as Ibn Sa’ud]. These include intelligence reports, received by the Political Agency, on the following events:the movements and activities of Faisal ad-Dawish [Fayṣal al-Duwaysh];in January 1928, the bombing of raiders by the RAF (ff 107-108);in late 1928, a conference between Ikhwan leaders and Ibn Sa’ud, which took place in Riyadh;on 29 March 1929, a battle at Sibilah [Az Zulfi], between forces allied to Ibn Sa’ud and the Ikhwan (f 189);on 5 October 1929, a battle between the Ikhwan and the Awazim [Al-Awazem] tribe (ff 244-246;in January 1930, meetings between Ibn Sa’ud, the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Vincent Biscoe) and Ikhwan leaders, and the surrender of Ikhwan leaders, including Faisal ad-Dawish (ff 268-273);in February 1930, Ibn Sa’ud’s conference with King Faisul [Fayṣal al-Awwal ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] of Iraq (ff 286-287).Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 383; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-382; these numbers are also written in pencil, are circled, but have been struck through. A third foliation system is also present in parallel between ff 4-187; these numbers are written in a combination of coloured crayon and pencil, but are not circled.
40. 'File 22/23 II Kuwait Conference 1924'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the 1923-24 Kuwait Conference to arbitrate the Najd-Transjordan and Najd-Hijaz boundaries. The main topics discussed include the following:the Kuwait Conference: adjournment, 1924;further negotiations.The discussion in the volume relates to the minutes of the sessions (3rd to 12th) and the exhortations of the President of the conference, Stuart George Knox, to the delegates not to take hardened negotiating positions. Topics discussed in the correspondence also include: Ibn Sa'ud's health, flags and badges and raising of armed forces. An index to the volume is given in folio 269.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Colonies, London; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Stuart George Knox; the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the High Commissioner, Jerusalem; the Political Agent, Kuwait; Political Agent, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 272; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-269, and ff 163-261; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
41. 'Southern Nejd: Journey to Kharj, Aflaj, Sulaiyyil, and Wadi Dawasir in 1918.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Harry St John Bridger Philby's account of his journey in the southern regions of the Najd, published for the Arab Bureau by the Government Press in Cairo, 1919.The journey was taken in May to June 1918 while the author was in Riyadh for the purpose of maintaining relations with Ibn Sa‘ud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥman bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], ruler of Najd, on behalf of the British Government. Travelling 640 miles from Riyadh to Wadi Dawasir [Wādī al-Dawāsir] and back along a different route, he reports any geographical, meteorological, agricultural, demographic, and historical information that he deems of use to the British government. Included are notes on the tribes and wells of the area.Folio 46 is a foldout map of the route taken.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and ends on the inside of the back cover, on number 48.Pagination: there is also a printed pagination sequence that begins on the first page of the account proper and continues through to the last page of the account.
42. 'NEJD'
- Description:
- Abstract: Tracing map showing the location of Nejd in relation to surrounding territories.A blue dashed and dotted line represents the approximate boundary of Nejd. A single red line marks the main trade routes through Nejd. Yellow dashed lines mark the provinces of Nejd and the words within the provinces circled with green dots within a yellow line mark the principal tribes of those provinces.The map is signed by Major Harold Dickson, Political Agent at Bahrain.A pencil note at the top of them map states 'copy for apprasal [appraisal]'.Physical description: Foliation: A pencil number, enclosed in a circle, is located in the top right hand corner of the recto of the folio.Dimensions: 322 x 267 mmMaterials: 1 tracing sheet
43. 'The Seven Independent Arabian States [Yemen, ‘Asir, Hijaz, Najd, Kuwait, Jabal Shammar and al-Jawf]'
- Description:
- Abstract: This confidential memorandum, printed by the Foreign Office in May 1935 is a report by William John Childs concerning the seven independent Arabian states or autonomous areas. The report contains an introduction that states that the 'purpose of the paper is to give a brief outline each of the seven independent Arabian states', listed on folio 316, 'at the time of the Arab rising against the Turks in June 1916'.The report is divided into sections covering each state as follows:'The Imamate of Yemen ruled by Imam Yahya [Yaḥyá Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn]' (folio 316);'The Principate of Asir ruled by the Idrisi [Sayyid Muḥammad bin ‘Alī al-Idrīsi]' (folios 316-317);'The Emirate of Mecca (or the Hejaz) ruled by Husein [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī], Emir and Sherif of Mecca' (folios 317-319);'Emirate of Nejd [Najd] ruled by Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], Emir of Riyadh' (folios 319-323);'The Sheikhdom of Koweit [Kuwait] ruled by the Sheikh of Koweit [Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ]' (folio 323v);'The Emirate of Jebel Shammar [Jabal Shammar] (or Hail [Ḥā’il]) ruled by the Emir of Hail [Sa‘ūd bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Rashīd]' (folios 323-324)'Jauf-el-Amir [Jawf al-Amīr, under the rule of Nūrī bin Sha‘lān]' (folio 324v).A footnote on folio 316 records: 'This memorandum was prepared by the late Mr. William John Childs and found among his papers. A few modifications and additions have been made to bring it up to date'.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation for this description commences at folio 315, and terminates at folio 325, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, a re circles, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between folios 4-327; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
44. '22/23 I Kuwait Conference 1923'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the 1923 Kuwait Conference to arbitrate the Najd-Transjordan and Najd-Hijaz boundaries.The discussion in the volume relates to the following:a proposal to hold Conference at Kuwait to settle the Najd-Transjordania and Najd-Hijaz boundaries. Correspondence discusses costs and practical arrangements and arrival of delegations from Iraq, Transjordania and Nejd and uncertainty over arrival of delegates from Hidjaz;preliminary negotiations and letter of credentials from Abdullah bin al-Hussain, Ruler of Transjordania, for Ali Khulqi Bey; letter of credentials from Faisal, Ruler of Iraq for Sabih Bey Nasrat; letter of credentials from Ibn Saud for Saiyid Hamzah; discussion of the implications of the Mohammerah Iraq-Najd Convention;conference negotiations - correspondence discusses points put forward by the various delegations, including blood-money, raiding and losses, raids by the Ikhwan, and the collection of zakah;summaries of the sessions of the conference and arbitration;a draft agreement (ff 227-228) on raiding;a list of raids (ff 247-248);an index to topics discussed in the conference (folio 249).The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Colonies, London; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Stuart George Knox; the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the High Commissioner, Jerusalem; the Political Agent, Kuwait; Political Agent, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 250; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A fold-out is present on the verso of folio 235 and has been labelled with an ‘a’. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 3-248, and ff 122-237; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
45. 'Report on Najd Mission 1917-1918'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is entitled Report on Najd Mission, 1917-1918(Baghdad: Government Press, 1918).The report describes the mission headed by Harry St John Bridger Philby to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥman bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Sa‘ūd)], ruler of Najd and Imam of the Wahahbi [Wahhabi] sect of Islam, 29 October 1917 - 1 November 1918. The report contains a section on the previous relations between Britain and Najd; describes the personnel, objects and itinerary of the mission; and includes sections on relations between Najd and Kuwait, the Ajman problem, Ibn Saud's operations against Hail [Ha'il], the Wahhabi revival, arms in Najd, and pilgrimage to the Shia Holy Places.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the front cover and terminates at 30 on the back cover. These numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. An original printed pagination sequence is also present.
46. 'Persian Gulf Gazetteer, Part I Historical and Political Materials, Précis of Nejd [Najd] Affairs, 1804-1904'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is Persian Gulf Gazetteer, Part I Historical and Political Materials, Précis of Nejd Affairs, 1804-1904(Simla: G C Press, 1904).The volume contains an historical overview of Nejd [Najd], 1804-94, with particular reference to the history of the Wahabis [Wahhabis].Physical description: Pagination: the volume contains an original pagination sequence, which commences at 1 on the first page after the cover, and terminates at 58, the last page before the back cover. These numbers are printed, with additions in pencil, and can be found in the top centre of each page. Pagination anomalies: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F.
47. [Un-numbered file] 'Correspondence of RAF Special Service Officer, Kuwait (Cpt De Gaury)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises the correspondence, signals, expenditure accounts and message notes of RAF Special Service Officer, Kuwait (Captain Gerald Simpson Rutland Hillairet Vere De Gaury) during the period 4 February to 2 May 1928.The discussion in the volume relates to his involvement in intelligence gathering and operations against the akhwan[Ikhwan] in the desert area around Kuwait, Iraq and Najd. It also concerns the arrangements for his departure and return to England. Included in the file are reports on the topography of Kuwait (ff 29-30; 33-34) and strategic use of desert ports.The volume also includes (folio 114) De Gaury's handwritten notes on phrases in Arabic (with accompanying English translation) he considered would be of great use during his special service in the desert.The bulk of the correspondence is with Air Staff Intelligence, Air Headquarters, Baghdad.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 135; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
48. [Un-numbered file] 'Diary of Colonel Hamilton's Visit to Nejd 1918'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file includes a printed copy (folios 16-41) of the diary of Colonel Robert Edward Hamilton's (Political Agent at Kuwait) visit to Najd in 1918 on a mission to Ibn Sa'ud. The file also includes the original typed copy (folios 43-102) of the diary.The diary describes his trip from Kuwait to Najd and records the topography, distance travelled each day, temperature and barometric pressure and people encountered. The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Political Agent at Kuwait (Robert Edward Hamilton); the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad (Percy Zachariah Cox); the Chief Political Officer, Baghdad; and the Ruler of Najd (Ibn Sa'ud).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 103; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.