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37. Euphrates Expedition
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of a copy of an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 89 of 1840, dated 30 October 1840.The enclosure consists of a memorandum by John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government of Bombay, regarding the Euphrates Expedition, including: discussion of the advantages of Margeil [Al Ma‘qil] as a station for sea and river steam vessels; and matters related to the employment of boiler makers, engineers, artificers, and officers on the Euphrates Expedition.Physical description: 1 item (12 folios)
38. Political No. 63 of 1874, Forwarding a Copy of a Letter from the Consul-General at Baghdad, Regarding the Construction of the Embankment of the Euphrates
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 2 April 1874 and received in the India Office Secret Department on 27 April 1874, forwarding a copy of a letter from the Consul-General at Baghdad, regarding the construction of the embankment of the Euphrates.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 312 and terminates at f 316, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains two foliation anomalies: f 312a and f 314a.
39. Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq] Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 91 of 1843, dated 26 December 1843. The enclosures are numbered 3-29 and are dated 2 March-26 December 1843. On folio 85 a note in black ink, states that ‘Enclosures in Bombay Secret Letter Number No. 90, dated 1st December 1843 are missing from this Collection.’The papers relate to the Euphrates flotilla. The enclosures contain correspondence from the Superintendent of the Indian Navy to the Secretary with the Governor of India and replies to these letters from the Secret Committee including:The dates it was operating and the resulting reportDiscussions of the salary allowance for Commander Henry Blosse Lynch and Lieutenant Charles Dugald Campbell, specifically the amount of ‘command allowance’ for Campbell when he was in charge of the Euphrates Flotilla after Lynch had proceeded to England on ‘sick certificate’Compilation of river charts and a memoir of the expedition for the Geographical Society of Bombay.Other correspondents include the Chief Engineer, Government of Bombay, and the Military Auditor General, Government of Bombay.Physical description: 1 item (61 folios)
40. Bagdad and Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 15 of 1840, dated 31 March 1840. The enclosures are numbered 3-93 and are dated 18 September 1839 to 31 March 1840.The papers relate to Bagdad [Baghdad] and Persian Gulf affairs:The equipping and expenses of the Euphrates expeditionCapture of the fort of Ghuznee [Ghazni]Matters relating to the appointment of the British Agent at Muscat during the ‘unhealthy season’Copy of a diary kept by Captain Hammerton while residing at Shargah [Sharjah], from 27 November 1839 to 6 January 1840, as well as letters from the Native Agent at ShargahReport from the Resident in the Persian Gulf on his interviews with the Chiefs of Brymee [Al Buraymi]Letters from the Resident in the Persian Gulf to Korshid Pasha [Khūrshid Pāshā] and the Governor of Kuteef [Al-Qatif]Correspondence with HM Consul General in Egypt regarding the deputation of a mission to Muscat by HH the Sultan of MuscatCopy of despatches from Lieutenant-Colonel Shiel, HM Chargé d’Affaires at TehranPresents sent to the Sultan of Muscat by Korshid Pasha.On folio 142 a note in black ink states ‘The following enclosures to Bombay Secret Letter No. 15, dated 13th March 1840, are missing from the Collection below viz:- 7-9, 13, 15, 17-28, 30-1, 33-4, 36-7, & 39.’Physical description: 1 item (331 folios)
41. Passage of the Nitocrisfrom the Euphrates to Bombay
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 42 of 1846, dated 15 April 1846. The enclosures are dated and contain correspondence relating to the passage of the steam vessel Nitocrisfrom the river Euphrates to Bombay [Mumbai]. This item commences with an abstract of contents (folios 569-572). Correspondence from the Government of Bombay.Physical description: 1 item (27 folios)
42. Coll 17/24 ‘Iraq. Internal. New Iraqi Income Tax Law. Effect on British aircraft and shipping.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers mostly relating to the following: the objections of HM Government to Article 6 of the draft Iraq Salaries and Allowances Tax Law of 1930; and the liability of British aircraft and shipping companies operating in Iraq to income tax under Article 29 of the Iraq Income Tax Third Amendment Law of 1933 (these papers mainly concern shipping companies).The file also includes papers relating to matters including: the right of the Euphrates Tigris Steam Navigation Company to navigate the rivers Tigris and Euphrates; alleged excessive freight rates on Iraqi exports; and the status of the Mesopotamia Persia Corporation Limited.The papers largely consist of India Office minute papers, and correspondence and copy correspondence between the following: the India Office and the Colonial Office; the Foreign Office and the Colonial Office; the High Commissioner for Iraq and the Secretary of State for the Colonies; and HM Ambassador to Iraq (HM Representative at Baghdad) (with enclosures) and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.The file includes three documents in French: copies of Vizierial letters of 2 April 1846 and 20 June 1862, and a copy of a firman issued on 29 December 1834.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 182; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-182; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
43. Proceedings of the Government of Bombay connected with the Flotilla on the River Euphrates
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee No. 105 of 1842, dated 29 September 1842. The despatch contains material relating to the arrangements for the transportation of three ‘iron steam vessels’, attached to the Euphrates flotilla to Kuratchee [Karachi], intended for service on the Indus, and the possible deployment of one vessel to the Red Sea.Physical description: 1 item (43 folios)
44. File 1283/1913 Pt 3 ‘Persian Gulf: Trade Commercial Mission’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is concerned with commercial possibilities within Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf for British trade. Of particular concern for British officials is ensuring that British firms are placed in the best possible position to counter expected competition from Germany and Japan following the cessation of hostilities. Much of the file is taken up with proposals for a Mesopotamian Trade Commission, prompted by a report produced by Captain George Lloyd on the economic situation in the Gulf and Mesopotamian markets in 1916; multiple copies of Lloyd's report can be found between folios 216-285. This includes details behind the selection of the Commissioners (Robert Erskine Holland and John Wilson), the division of expenditure between the British and Indian Governments, and the remuneration for the Commissioners. It also outlines some of the process behind the British Government's decision not to publish the report immediately following its submission in 1917, and subsequent reviews of this decision.The volume does not contain a copy of the report produced by the Holland-Wilson Commission. However, a summary of its recommendations can be found on folios 104-06, and a note on the report prepared by the India Office (dated 6 February 1918) can be found on folios 100-03. Copies of the Commission’s original instructions may be found on folios 180 and 182. Proposals from Sir Percy Cox dated 1 March 1917 on measures to turn the Persian Gulf into a British ‘mare clausum’ [closed sea] can be found on folio 154, along with English and French copies of the ‘Recommendations of the Economic Conference of the Allies’ held at Paris 14-17 June 1916 on folios 155-58.Another matter discussed within is an application from Messrs Lynch and Lord Inchcape [James Lyle Mackay] to establish an office for their joint firm — Mackay, Lynch and Company — at Baghdad, and for permission to implement a pre-war concession from the Ottoman Government to run steamers on the Tigris and Euphrates. This includes the minutes of a meeting of the Middle East Committee of the War Cabinet (see folios 84-5) held on the 18 February 1918 on the undesirability of granting a monopoly on these rivers.Other matters covered by the file include proposals — dated 28 February 1918 — from the Bahrain Political Agent (see folios 53-4) towards the establishment of a strong commercial position for British trade at Bahrain, an agent deputed by Messrs Herbert Whitworth Limited to establish branches at Basra and Baghdad, and the construction of a through railway between Basra and Baghdad.The main correspondents are officials of the Board of Trade (Henry Fountain), the India Office (Arthur Hirtzel and John Evelyn Shuckburgh), the Foreign Office, and the Government of India; with significant input from Sir Percy Cox (serving as Chief Political Officer of the Indian Expeditionary Force), and the Under Secretary of State for India (John Dickson-Poynder).Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 287; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
45. File 2073/1913 'Baghdad Railway: Navigation of the Tigris and Euphrates'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is concerned with negotiations with the Ottoman Government over a new navigation concession for the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. These negotiations — facilitated by the Foreign Office and the Board of Trade — are between Ibrahim Hakki Pasha and Lord Inchcape (James Lyle Mackay), and also involve the formation of a new Anglo-Turkish Company to operate the concession. It is equally concerned with insuring that Henry Finnis Blosse Lynch and his firm the Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company are compensated for the introduction of the new company and provided with a suitable stake in the new concern. Both Mr Lynch and Lord Inchcape employ solicitors to represent them, these firms being Messrs Slaughter and May, and Messrs Walters and Company respectively. The negotiations between the two do not proceed smoothly; the file therefore includes discussion by British officials of Mr Lynch's 'intrigues', particularly in Germany (e.g. folios 85-94), to influence negotiations for the new concession in his favour. It also includes counter complaints from Mr Lynch about his treatment by the Foreign Office, and against statements made about his company in the House of Commons by the Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, on the 22 July 1913 (e.g. folios 10-26).There is also some discussion in the file of British interests in limiting German access to the Tigris and Euphrates, whether Britain should secure an interest for itself in the Baghdad Railway, and insuring that Britain obtains a suitable stake in any new port built at Basra. There is also some debate respecting the extent the Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company is able to exercise the rights of its original concession from 1862, and its prospects for expansion.Most of the correspondence in the file is between officials representing the Board of Trade, the Foreign Office, and the Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company. The Foreign Office is principally represented by Alywyn Parker. The Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company on the other hand by Fred W Parry and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Philip Picot. Numerous copies of the draft concession between the Ottoman authorities and Lord Inchcape can be found throughout the file; often including an additional copy in French.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 279; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the first and last ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
46. File 3531/1905 Pt 1-2 ‘Mesopotamia’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises two parts discussing steamship contracts and concessions on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Mesopotamia (also referred to as Irak [Iraq]):part 1 concerns negotiations between India Office officials and representatives of the Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company, for the extension of the latter’s contract to convey mail by steamship between Basra and Baghdad;part 2 contains correspondence relating to the proposed merger of the Euphrates and Tigris Steam Navigation Company, owned by Henry Finnis Blosse Lynch, and the Turkish Hamidieh Steamship Company, which lead to considerable discussion and political controversy in Turkey in 1909-1910 (referred to in the British press as the ‘Affaire Lynch’).The volume comprises parts 1 and 2 of 2. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 390; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The front cover, along with one leading flyleaf have not been foliated.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
47. File 4613/1919 Pt 6 'Mesopotamia:- Land Policy. Mr. Gedge's investigations'
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of part six of the subject file 4613/1919 Iraq: Land Tenure. It concerns British land policy in the occupied territories of Mesopotamia [Iraq], particularly in relation to possible land development.The part contains correspondence discussing the visit to Mesopotamia of Mr E Gedge, representative of both the East Africa Lands and Development Company and Fanti Consolidated Mines Limited, and his investigation of the area's agricultural conditions, with a view to applying for a grant of concession for land development.Correspondents include the aforementioned Mr Gedge, the Acting Civil Commissioner in Baghdad (Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Talbot Wilson), the Secretary of State for India (Edwin Samuel Montagu), and officials of the India Office and the Foreign Office.Also included is a sketch map of the area for which Mr Gedge requests a grant of concession.Physical description: 1 item (18 folios)
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