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1. ‘File 22/8 II SHAIKH OF DUBAI’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, mainly between British officials in the Persian Gulf, discussing the actions of Shaikh Saeed Bin Maktoom [Shaikh Saʻīd bin Maktūm bin Ḥashr Āl Maktūm], Ruler of Dubai, covering the years 1941, 1944, 1946 and 1948-49.The correspondents are as follows: John Baron Howes and his successors Roy Douglas Metcalfe and Patrick Desmond Stobart as Political Officer, Trucial Coast, Sharjah; Major Reginald George Evelyn William Alban and his successors Tom Hickinbotham and Cornelius James Pelly as Political Agent, Bahrain; Sayid Abdur Razzaq [Khān Ṣāḥib Sayyid ‘Abd al-Razzāq] and his successor Jassim [Jāsim bin Muḥammad Kadmari] as British Residency Native Agent, Sharjah; and Lieutenant-Colonel William Rupert Hay as Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bahrain.The correspondence includes English translations of Arabic letters as follows: Saeed Bin Maktoom to Reza Pahlavi the Emperor of Iran [Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran], dated 1948 (folio 11), and an exchange of letters between the Political Agent at Bahrain and Saeed Bin Maktoom, dated 1944 (folios 13 and 16).Topics discussed include:British policy discussions about co-operative measures to be taken for the maintenance of law and order on the Trucial Coast, 1941 (folios 2-7)British interception of two letters from the Ruler of Dubai to the King of Iraq and the Shah of Iran, in 1944 and 1949 respectively, written on behalf of two Dubai subjects, the one case regarding the importation of rice into Dubai from Iraq and the other case regarding the confiscation of merchant goods by Iranian Customs (folios 9-14)British remonstrations to the Ruler of Dubai for making direct representations and requests to foreign rulers on behalf of his subjects, in breach of his agreement of 7 March 1892 with the British Government, 1949 (folios 15-21).Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional incomplete foliation sequence is also present between ff 2-21; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
2. 'Memorandum on the Situation in Southern Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum outlines the development of policy proposals for ensuring the security of British subjects in Persia from 1905-1912. This includes the consideration of the following: the dispatch of a force from India to occupy parts of Southern Persia, an increase in the strength of consular guards, the establishment of a gendarmerie in Southern Persia under Swedish officers, and the payment of subsidies to local tribes to provide security. It also outlines various incidents and outbreaks of unrest that have occurred in Persia over the same period; particular attention is given to Shiraz, and the question of whether or not to evacuate the British consulate there. It is signed by John Edward Ferard, Political Department, India Office.The appendix (folio 14) contains a note addressed to the Government of Persia by Sir George Head Barclay concerning the establishment of a local Persian force in Southern Persia under the command of British officers from the Indian Army.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 6, and terminates at f 14, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. 'File 19/172 II (C 94) Bahrain Armed Police'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding the development of the armed police force in Bahrain between the years 1930 and 1944.The documents discuss the British authorities' desire to reduce the number of Indians employed in the police force and make it appear less noticeably 'foreign'. Various other reforms and training initiatives during this period are also discussed.A full, detailed report from 1940 entitled 'A Report on the Bahrain Police with Suggestions for their improvement' is contained on ff. 70-167a.The file also contains detailed instructions regarding protocol for the use of force by the police against crowds (notably the use of firearms against illegal assemblies) and documents containing a broader discussion of the nature of Britain's role in Bahrain.Physical description: Previously a bound correspondence file, its sheets have been unbound and are now loose. A foliation system of circled pencil in top right-hand corner of each front-facing page begins on the title page and ends on the last page of text. There is another inconsistent foliation system that is also in pencil in the top right-hand corner of each front-facing page but is not circled.
4. 'File 19/172 I (C 23) Bahrain Levy Corps'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains information regarding the formation, acitivites and subsequent disbandment of the Bahrain Levy corps, a para-military force that existed on the island between 1924 and 1926.The file contains detailed discussions regarding the creation of the corps including questions over its role, size, ethnic composition and budget. The numerous diffilculties that the British faced in forming the corps are also discussed.The corps was disbanded in 1926 after one of its members shot (and killed) two Indian officers and injured the Political Agent Clive Daly.The records contain a detailed report of the attacks written by Daly, reports of the murderer's execution and correspondence regarding the logistics involved in the disbandment of the corps.Physical description: Previously a bound correspondence file, its sheets have been unbound and are now loose. Foliation starts on first page of the volume and continues to the last page of writing. Foliation in pencil numbers in top right corner of recto. The following foliation errors occur: f.1 is followed by ff.1A, 1B and 1C; f.60 is followed by 60A and 60B; f.93 is followed by 93A; f.97 is followed by 97A; f.98 is followed by 98A; f.170 is followed by 170A; f.224 is followed by 224A and 224B; f.297 is followed by 297A; f.307 is followed by 307A. The following folios do not exist: f.39, f.150, ff.161-166, ff.210-215, f.221.
5. File 36/1919 Pt 3 ‘KURDISTAN POLICY & SITUATION’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, newspaper clippings, parliamentary notes, telegrams and minutes. It mainly covers conversations between British officials regarding the political situation in Kurdistan, but also contains correspondence from Kurdish representatives and various British organisations.The volume covers and includes the following:A description of the political situation in Kurdistan by Philippe Berthelot of the French Ministry for Foreign AffairsOpinions expressed by British officials as to whether Turkish authorities should be excluded form Kurdistan, whether Kurdistan should be portioned, and whether its frontier should follow that of the ethnological frontier between Kurds and ArabsOpinions expressed by British officials on the growth of political and social movements related to Kurdish nationalismDescriptions of the political movement towards the establishment of an autonomous Kurdish stateThe views of Hamdi Bey Baban [Ḥamdī Beg Bābān] regarding the Kurdistan situationMinutes of monthly conferences on Middle Eastern affairs throughout 1920, giving views on Kurdistan from British and French officers and covering different subjects regarding the political situation in Kurdistan and MesopotamiaAspects of the future administration of Sulaimaniyah [As Sulaymaniyah]Plans from British officers regarding the political situation in Mesopotamia and its possible future governmentMentions of interest in Mesopotamia in ‘bolshevism’Reports on India Office recommendations regarding KurdistanA memorandum on Kurdistan, with the following headings: ‘Kurdish political activity', ‘Aims of the Kurds’, ‘Turkish Scheme’, ‘Kurdish Objections’, ‘The immediate situation’, and ‘Suggested solution’ (ff 267-270)Opinions expressed by Kurdish people on Kurdistan and its politicsConflict in Mesopotamia and Kurdistan regarding: British refusal to allow visits to the tomb of Shaikh Kaka Ahmad [Ḥājjī Kākā Aḥmad al-Shaykh], including the imposition of heavy fines and prison sentences; arrests and deportations to Baghdad of unnamed ‘notables’; and the execution at Sakis [Saqqez] of Rusten Khan [Rustam Khān] by order of the Governor of Sineh [Sanandaj]Correspondence relating to Kurdistan, including: repatriation of Assyrian Christians; securing of borders; Kurdish districts in Persia [Iran;] Kurdish nationalismA letter from the Travellers Club regarding the situation in the Kurdistan.The principal correspondents are: Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; High Commissioner, Constantinople [Istanbul]; Winston Churchill, Secretary of State for the Colonies; Political Officer at Sulaimaniyah; Hamdi Bey Baban.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside last folio with 293; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The volume has four foliation anomalies: f 106a, f 111a, f 172a and f 203a.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
6. File 4330/1920 Revenue Secretariat Baghdad ‘Monthly Reports of Political Officers of the Occupied Territories. March 1920’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume mostly consists of monthly reports (also titled political diaries) by political officers in the territories of Iraq under British occupation, for the month of March 1920, forwarded by the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad, to the Under-Secretary of State for India.It includes:Reports from divisional political officers for the following divisions: Baghdad; Samarra; Diyalah [Diyala]; Diwaniyah; Shamiyah [Al-Shamiya]; Hillah; Basrah [Basra]; Kut; Mosul; Sulaimania [Sulaymaniyah]; Kirkuk; Arbil [Erbil] and Rawan [Rawanduz]Reports from district assistant political officers for the following districts: Eastern Shamiyah; Western Shamiyah; Kufah [Kufa]-Najaf; Basrah; Qurnah [Al-Qurna]; Amarah [Amara] Municipality; Northern District, Amarah; Qalat-Sikar [Qalat Sukkar]; Suq Al Shuyukh [Suq Al-Shoyokh] and Hammar; Shatrah [Al-Shatrah]; Nasiriyah; Zakho; Dohuk; Tel Afar; Aqra [Aqrah or Akre]; and Koi Sanjaq [Koysinjaq or Koy Sanjaq].The reports are divided into sections on different subjects under headings such as: tribal [affairs]; law and order and condition of district; gendarmes; levies; police; agriculture; weather; revenue; municipal [affairs]; tapu [relating to land privately held by the title deed system]; waqf [relating to land allocated for religious or charitable endowment]; education; hospitals and dispensaries; tours of political officers and assistant political officers; frontier questions; irrigation and bunds [embankments]; and questions affecting military authorities.The report from the Military Governor and Political Officer, Baghdad, includes appended reports of the Acting Medical Officer of Health, Baghdad, and the Land Settlement Officer, Baghdad, for the month of March 1920.The report by the Assistant Political Officer (Town), Amarah, is followed by the diary of the Assistant Commissioner of Police, Amarah, for the Month of March 1920.The reports from the Assistant Political Officers for Basrah and Qurnah are enclosed in the report of the Military Governor and Political Officer, Basrah, along with reports for the month of March from the following:The Deputy Commissioner of Police, Basrah (this report covers February and March)The Municipal Commissioner, BasrahThe Officiating Executive Engineer, Civil Works DivisionThe First Class Magistrate, BasrahThe Civil Transport Officer, BasrahThe Superintendent, Civil Jail, BasrahThe Civil Base Depot, Basrah.The volume includes an index to monthly reports of Political Officers for March 1920 on folio 6; however, there are not separate reports included in the volume for every division and district listed.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 221; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional foliation sequences are also present.
7. Coll 28/44 ‘Persia. Internal. Fars affairs & Shiraz situation’
- Description:
- Abstract: The first part of the file (ff 322-420) contains copies of various reports on the internal situation in the district of Fars, most of which were prepared by the British Consul at Shiraz between 1932 and 1939. These reports describe security, public order, economic conditions and agricultural productivity in Fars. Included in these reports is a detailed summary of events in Fars for the year 1936 (ff 352-370), and a report on the economic conditions in Fars in July 1937 (ff 334-346). These reports were written by the British Consul at Shiraz, Arnold Edwards Watkinson.The second part of the file contains papers dated from August 1941 to July 1944 (ff 5-320). These papers concern the situation in Fars in the wake of the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, and the two Allied powers’ occupation of Iran during the Second World War. These papers concern: the activities of the Qashgai [Qashqai] peoples and their leading representatives, including Muhammad Nasir Khan Qashgai; the Qashgai’s relations and negotiations with the Iranian and British Governments; the general security situation in the Fars district; reports on the whereabouts and activities of German spies believed to be operating in Fars, thought to be seeking influence with the Qashgai; security and defence of the oil refinery at Abadan. The principal correspondents in this part of the file are: the British Consul at Shiraz, Terence Vincent Brenan; HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Reader William Bullard; the Foreign Office.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 421; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
8. File J/51 'King's Regulations issued under the Qatar Order in Council'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains orders issued by the Political Resident, Persian Gulf, pertaining to the appointment of 'Special Police Officers' in Qatar under the King's Regulation and Article 83 of the Qatar order in council. The papers refer to the new regulation as the 'The Special Police Officers Regulations, 1948'.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 7; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-4; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
9. File 348/1913 Pt 1 'Persia: Kerman affairs; proposal to finance the governor; Proposal to appoint British officers'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence between: the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Foreign Secretary for India, the British Consul for Kerman, the British Minister at Tehran, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, regarding affairs in Kerman.The subjects are:a proposal to finance the Governor General of Kerman for purpose of restoring order;Kerman finances;the state of the Bunder Abbas-Kerman roads;a proposal to appoint a British officer to organise the provincial forces, opposed by the Government of India because 'it may open the door for a similar Russian demand for Russian officers in the Russian zone';the despatch of 200 Swedish gendarmes to the Province;the appointment of a new Governor-General.The volume comprises part 1 of two. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 142; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The fold out on f 128 is a bookmark and so is marked with an 'A'.
10. File 348/1913 Pt 2 'Persia: Kerman affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence between: the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, the British Consul for Kerman, the British Minister at Tehran, and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, regarding affairs in Kerman.The subjects are:the movements of Baluchi raiders in the Province;the operations of the Swedish gendarmerie against Baluchi;the departure of the new Governor General from Tehran;Misbah-i-Divan, created Governor of Baluchistan, on a mission to pacify Persian Baluchistan;finances.There are copies of letters in French, from Major G Glimstedt, Commanding the IV Regiment of the Gendarmerie Gouvernementale at Kerman.The volume comprises part 2 of two. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 140; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
11. File 6/1912 Parts 1-2 Persia
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and memoranda relating to insecurity in southern Persia, particularly around Shiraz. A lack of central authority in the region had led to lawlessness along many of the roads, including that between Bushire and Shiraz. The papers cover the British response to the situation, including the discussion over evacuation and the distribution of troops in Shiraz, Isfahan, and Bushire.The volume is divided into two parts, both covering many of the same matters. The main division is chronological, part 1 coming earlier than part 2.The majority of the correspondence is between the Foreign Office, India Office, Government of India, and Minister at Tehran, but included as enclosures are letters and telegrams from the Consulates at Shiraz and Isfahan, and the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf. The papers include handwritten drafts and notes. There is some duplication.The volume comprises parts 1-2 of 2. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates and the inside back cover with 491; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
12. File 747/1913 Pt 1 ‘Loans to Persia’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises copies of correspondence, minutes and other papers relating to the advance of loans to Persia. Two different loans are discussed:a loan of £100,000, made by the British Government in May 1913 to the Governor-General of Fars (half of which was to be payable by the Government of India), to be utilised towards the maintenance of law and order in southern Persia (specifically in the form of subsidies to be paid to the Fars gendarmerie), and proposed in response to a number of recent attacks on British forces, including the murder of Captain Eckford of the 39th Central India Horse, near Shiraz in December 1912;a joint Anglo-Russian loan to the Persian Government, to the value of £400,000, divided equally between Britain and Russia, with the Government of India paying £100,000 towards the British Government’s share of £200,000.The correspondence deals with arrangements for the payment of the loans, conditions attached to them, the agreement of terms between the British and Russian Governments, the date of commencement of interest repayments.Amongst the conditions discussed are:protection of and provision for British interests in the Persian Gulf, namely Persia’s responsibility for the supply of lighting and buoying in the waters surrounding Persian islands, and protection for Bahrainis and Trucial Coast subjects in Persia;loan interest rates;security against the loans, and repayment of loans, in the form of Persian customs receipts, and opium receipts;mining and railway concessions in Persia, pursued by British and Russian interests.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Sir Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister at Tehran; Sir Arthur Hirtzel of the India Office; Sir Louis Du Pan Mallet of the Foreign Office; Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.The volume’s core correspondence covers the period January 1913 to February 1914. The earlier start date given for the volume is a result of correspondence included in a secret memorandum on Persian Government loans (ff 13-38), itself dated 17 October 1910, which is an historical précis of loans given to Persia by the British Government and Government of India since 1903.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 238. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-238; these numbers are also written in pencil and are circled, but have been struck through.
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