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1. ‘Secret Letters received, by way of Marseilles, Oct 1 1855’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the President in Council (22 August 1855, Numbers 46-48) and the Government of Bombay (one undated and 29 August 1855, Number 57). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The subject matter of the letters from the President in Council (folios 67-69) includes the construction of police border posts along the Burmese Frontier, a proposal to build a wall around the cantonment at Peshawar, and an update on the dispute between the Maharaja of Cashmere [Kashmir] and his nephew Jowahir Singh.The section from Bombay (folios 70-74) covers Russian objections to the export of animals from Turkish Arabia to the Crimea by the British, and proposals for raising a detachment of irregular horse or mounted police at Aden.Physical description: 1 item (8 folios)
2. ‘Secret Letters received, by way of Marseilles, Dec 14 1855’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the President in Council (8 November 1855, Numbers 59-60) and the Government of Bombay (16 November 1855, Number 70). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The despatches from the President in Council (folios 109-110) are concerned with policing arrangements at Peshawar, and progress reports from the Government of India's diplomatic mission to the Court of Ava.The section from Bombay (folios 111-112) is concerned with measures to prevent the Foutheli communicating with Aden.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
3. ‘Secret Letters received, by way of Marseilles, January 14.1856’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the Governor General of India (8 December 1855, Number 64) and the Government of Bombay (17 December 1855, Numbers 76 and 78-79). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The despatch from the Governor General (folios 19-21r) focuses on an expedition led by Brigadier Chamberlain against the Rabeah Kheil.The section from Bombay (folios 21v-24) contains an assessment of the military forces that will need to be despatched to the Persian Gulf in the event of conflict with Persia, the prospects of conflict in the vicinity of Aden between the Oulaki and Foutheli, and arrangements for mounted police at Aden.Physical description: 1 item (6 folios)
4. ‘Secret Letters received, by way of Marseilles, August 15 1855’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the Governor General of India (4 July 1855, Number 5), the President in Council (3 July 1855, Numbers 38-39), and the Government of Bombay (9 July 1855, Numbers 48-52). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The letter from the Governor General (folios 25-26) includes updates from Afghanistan, and a letter to be sent to the Amir of Afghanistan on the future policy of the Government of India in Central Asia.The focus of the section from the President in Council (folios 27-42r) covers the demarcation of the boundary between British India and Burma, raids into British India from Burma, the line to be taken by the Government of India in response to these raids, proposed improvements to the security of the frontier with Burma, and arrangements and instructions for a diplomatic mission to the Court of Ava. It also contains a very brief update on the Nepalese-Thibetan [Tibetan] War.The section from Bombay (folios 42v-44) focuses on proposals for the punishment of Somalis (for allegedly attacking British officers) and the blockade of Berbera. Brief updates on Muscat and Turkish Arabia are also included.Physical description: 1 item (20 folios)
5. ‘Secret Letters received, by way of Marseilles, January 29.1857’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the Governor General of India (22 December 1856, Numbers 62-65) and the Government of Bombay (31 December 1856, Numbers 108-114 and 1-2 January 1857, Numbers 1-6). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The letters from the Governor General (folios 51-56r) are concerned with a request from the Governor of Hong Kong for an additional European regiment, developments in Afghanistan, the question of whether a subsidy should be provided to Dost Mahomed [Dost Mohammad Khan, Amir of Afghanistan] in return for operations against Herat, and punitive measures taken by British authorities against tribes on the Punjab frontier.The section from Bombay (folios 56v-64) covers the capture of Karrak [Khārk] and Bushire, the supply of weaponry and finance to Dost Mahommed [Dost Mohammad Khan, Amir of Afghanistan], and the appointment of Sir James Outram as commander of the British Expeditionary Force against Persia. It also details the expansion of operations against Persia, re-enforcements sent to Persia, and reinforcements required for the Bombay Presidency as a result of operations in the Persian Gulf.Physical description: 1 item (14 folios)
6. ‘Secret Letters received, by way of Marseilles, Nov 3 1855’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the President in Council (22 September 1855, Numbers 52-54) and the Government of Bombay (3 October 1855, Numbers 60-61). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The section from the President in Council (folios 83-87r) discusses an attack on the Kokan Pass by the Aka Kheil [Aka Khel] of the Afreedees [Afridi], the departure of the Kokan Envoy from Peshawar, the progress of the Government of India's diplomatic mission to Ava, and provides updates from Afghanistan.The dispatches from Bombay (87v-92) discuss a proposal to withdraw troops from Turkish Arabia, arrangements for peace between the Oulaki and Foutheli, a proposal to send Indian Cavalry to Aden for policing purposes, the policy towards slave ships arriving at Aden, and the blockade of the coastline of the Habr Owel tribe for the alleged murder of officers of the Somali Expedition.Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
7. ‘Secret Letters received Nov 14 1855 by way of Marseilles’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the President in Council (8 October 1855, Number 55) and the Government of Bombay (13 and 17 October 1855, Numbers 62-65). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The dispatch from the President in Council (folio 93r) is concerned with the site for the new city of Dalhousie and the construction of a lighthouse on the Alguada Reef.The section from Bombay (folios 93v-95) discusses the consequences of the peace agreement reached between the Oulaki and the Foutheli, and finding volunteers from India to serve as mounted police at Aden. It also provides brief updates on Turkish Arabia, Persia, and the Slave Trade.Physical description: 1 item (4 folios)
8. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of a despatch to the Secret Committee, 16 July 1839, from John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai]. The despatch itself (not included) is numbered 1 and is followed by an abstract of contents, numbered 2. The abstract of contents is followed by despatches to Willoughby, numbered 3-29. Despatches 3-27 are from Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident, Persian Gulf, and were sent when the Residency was situated on the island of Karrack [Kharg, also known as Khark, also spelled Karrak in this item], following a dispute with Mirza Assad, the Governor of Bushire [Bushehr]. Despatches 28-29 are from Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Taylor, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq].Hennell’s despatches contain copies of correspondence, reports, translated letters and other documents, and include his extensive communications, including with:Khorshid Pasha [Khūrshid Pasha, also spelled Korshid and Koorshid in this item], Commander of the Egyptian Forces in Nedgd [Najd, also known as Nejd, also spelled Nedged, Nedge and Nedje in this item]Captain John Croft Hawkins, Commanding the HC [Honourable Company] Sloop of War CliveThomas MacKenzie, Civil Surgeon to the Political Residency, Persian GulfShaik Jaber, the Chief of Koweit [Shaikh Jābir bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Ṣabāḥ of Kuwait]Thomas Edmunds, Assistant Resident, Persian GulfLieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, HM Chargé d’Affaires at the Court of Persia [Iran]Mahomed Effendi, [Muḥammad Effendi] ‘the Confidential Agent of Khorshid Pasha’ (f 327)Shaik Abdoollah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] Chief of Bahrein [Bahrain]George Barnes Brucks, Commodore of the Squadron of the Indian Navy in the Persian GulfLieutenant-Colonel James Shirreff, Commanding the Detachment at KarrackThe Native Agent at Shargah [Sharjah]The Governor of MuscatNative Agent at MuscatArab Maritime Chiefs of varying seniorityLieutenant-Colonel Patrick Campbell, HM Consul General in EgyptMeerza Mahomed Ali [Mirza Muḥammad ʿAlī] British Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain].The main subjects covered are:The purported designs of Khorshid Pasha in relation to the island of Bahrein, including: the agreement between the Chief of Bahrein and Mahomed Effendi (ff 354-355) indicating the former’s ‘submission’ to Egypt; Hennell’s meeting with Mahomed Effendi at Karrack and correspondence with Khorshid Pasha; Khorshid Pasha’s insistence that Bahrein has agreed to pay tribute to Egypt as a dependency of Nedgd, but that he has no designs on the Persian GulfIntelligence, resulting from visits and tours of inspection, relating to the cooperation and assistance that Britain might expect from the Arab maritime chiefs in the event of any military operations being undertaken by, or to oppose, Egyptian forces, including reports by: Captain Hawkins, Commanding the Clive(ff 295-296); Mr MacKenzie, Civil Surgeon of the Residency, on the HC Schooner Emily(f 295); and the Assistant Resident, accompanying Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland on his tour of the Arabian Coast in HMS Wellesley(ff 303-321)British efforts, at a meeting in Rusul Khyma [Ra's al Khaymah, also spelled Rasul Khyma and Ras-ul-Khyma in this item], to influence the major Arab maritime chiefs to: end their ‘internecine’ conflicts; unite against potential Egyptian territorial encroachment; and be aware that submission or providing assistance to Egypt is not in their interests as it is in opposition to British policyThe movements of Sued ben Mootluk [Sa‘d bin Mutlaq al-Muṭayrī, spelled in multiple variant forms in this item], an officer formerly in the service of the ex-Wahabee [Wahhabi] leader Fysul [Amir Fayṣal bin Turki bin Abdullāh Āl Sa‘ūd], and self-professed agent of Khorshid Pasha (f 359), notably with regard to his: activities in Shargah; unsuccessful attempt to take the fort of Braymee [Al Buraymi]; claims to have taken charge of the government of Oman; arrival in Ras-ul-Khyma; purported aim to effect the submission of MuscatAscertainment of the position of the Sheik of Koweit with regard to the demands of Mahomed Effendi to supply grain and to supress local opposition to Khorshid PashaThe relations between the Political Residency, Persian Gulf, with Mirza Assad, the Governor of Bushire [Bushehr], and with the authorities at Shiraz, notably: instructions from Sheil to Hennell: not to impose a blockade of Bushire; and to suspend all official communications with the Government of Shiraz following the departure of the British Mission from Tehran (f 348) and break in diplomatic relations with PersiaThe departure of Shaik Nassir [Shaikh Nāṣir Āl Mazkūr II, a former Governor of Bushire] from Karrack on 18 April 1839, following a decision by Lieutenant-Colonel Shirreff that his presence compromised the safety and security of the force on the islandRumours, and their contradiction, of alleged Persian attempts to prevent supplies reaching KarrackCommunications between Hennell and Commodore Brucks regarding: the number of vessels of war needed for security and communications purposes in the Persian Gulf; whether the Elphinstone, Cliveand Tigriscan, in turn, be released for repairs in Bombay; the powers the Indian Navy can use to protect merchant ships threatened by hostile forces; the method merchant ships expected at Bushire from India should use to discharge and load their cargo whilst relations with Shiraz are suspendedThe difference of opinion between Shirreff and Hennell (and Brucks) regarding the prospect of a serious attack on the Karrak station by sea.Physical description: The despatch itself (not included) is numbered 1, the abstract of contents 2, and the enclosures 3, 4, etc. The numbers listed in the abstract of contents are recorded for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure, along with a summary description of each enclosure.
9. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 79 of 1841, dated 30 September 1841. The enclosures are dated 14 June-14 September 1841.The principal correspondents are: Captain Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; Commodore George Barnes Brucks, Indian Navy, Commanding the Naval Squadron in the Gulf of Persia, on the EIC [East India Company’s] ship of war Coote; the Acting Secretary to Government, Bombay; and the Secretary and the Officiating Chief Secretary to the Government, Bombay.The item covers and includes the following:A letter from the Agent at Shiraz conveying intelligence from that area, including the arrival of Hubeel Olloh Khan [Ḥabīb Allāh Khān, also spelled Habeeb Oolla Khan in this item], Commandant of Artillery at Tuft [Taft], near Yezd [Yazd], en route to Kerman with eight guns and 6000 troops (ff 145-146), ostensibly on a mission which was initially to invade and destroy Kerman and was revised to destroying and plundering only the towns that had sent adherents to Aga Khan [Ḥasan 'Alī Shāh, Āqā Khān-i Awwal] and then to return to FarsHennell’s report of the hostile conduct of Shaik Nasir, Governor of Bushire [Āl Madhkūr, Shaikh Nāṣir II, Governor of Bushehr], towards British government officials there, including: an intimation that no officers from Karrack [Kharg Island, also known as Khark Island, also spelled Karrak and Kharrack in this item] are allowed to visit Bushire; punitive measures taken against the pilot of the Braemarwho sailed to Bussorah [Basra] ignoring Shaik Nasir’s orders for the ship’s detention in Bushire harbour; and the unsuccessful attempts by Shaik Nasir to prevent the transmission of supplies to Karrack (where Hennell is currently stationed)Hennell’s requisitions to Brucks to undertake a tour of the Persian Gulf during the current pearl fishery season (ff 147-153) including instructions for: one war ship to accompany the Coote; the route and the stops Brucks is to take along the Arabian coast from Bahrein [Bahrain] to Muscat, with the war ship calling at Bassadore [Basaidu] and Lingah [Bandar Lengeh] on its return to Karrack; delivering presents to the principal ‘Arabian chiefs’; investigating the political and military situation in Kateef [Qatif]; and for investigating and seeking redress for two acts of ‘piracy’ allegedly committed by subjects of Shaik Abdoolah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah, Shaikh of Bahrain] as described in a letter from the Native Agent at Bahrein (ff 154-155). This is followed by a series of reports by Brucks to Hennell (ff 156-173) notably describing: the state of affairs in Katiff [Qatif] and Nedged [Najd]; a ‘war’ on the coastal area between Rass-ul-Khyma [Ras Al Khaimah] and Abothabbee [Abu Dhabi]; his actions regarding the two cases of ‘piracy’; his intentions in relation to the trade in enslaved persons allegedly carried on between the Lingah ‘chiefs’ and the families of the ‘chiefs’ of Rassul Khyma [Ras Al Khaimah] and Amulgaveen [Umm Al Quwain]; and the state of the pearl fisheriesThe agreement of the Government of India with the Government of Bombay that it is inexpedient at present to withdraw the European part of the force from the Island of Karrack, in view of the purported intentions of Persia [Iran] towards Afghanistan (f 174)Correspondence regarding: arrangements for the conveyance of an important packet (letter), in duplicate, from the Government of India to Sir John McNeill, HM Envoy to Persia, via the Government of Bombay and Hennell, utilising both HMS Endymionand the HC [Honourable Company’s] schooner Emily; and arrangements for the receipt of McNeill’s reply, emphasising the importance of its arrival at Aden in time for the November mail. The letter instructs McNeill to ascertain the attitudes and plans of Persia towards Afghanistan and gives him authority to withhold the order to evacuate Karrack ‘until perfectly satisfactory assurances shall be obtained from the Shah in these respects’ (f 178) (ff 174-196)Hennell’s views regarding the need for an enhanced naval presence in the Gulf to increase British influence over the maritime Arabian states (ff 197-199), and the Government of Bombay’s confirmation that it cannot make any permanent addition to the Gulf Squadron but that HMS Endymionhas recently proceeded to the GulfInstructions by Hennell and Brucks for surveillance of Asseeloo boats [Bandar-e Asaluyeh, also spelled Assaloo in this item] which are suspected of intercepting supplies to the Island of Karrack and interrupting ‘the free navigation of the Gulf’ (f 203).Physical description: 1 item (69 folios)
10. Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises correspondence between Thomas Herbert Maddock, Secretary to the Government of India with the Governor-General, and John Pollard Willoughby, Secretary to the Government, Bombay [Mumbai], with relevant enclosures, and minutes of the Governors in Council. The enclosures comprise letters to and from: Captain Samuel Hennell, Political Resident, Persian Gulf; Lieutenant-Colonel James Shirreff, Commanding the Detachment at Karrak [Kharg, also known as Khark]; the Adjutant-General of the Army; Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Shee, Commanding the British Detachment in Persia [Iran]; the Superintendent of the Indian Navy; the Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq]; and the Judge Advocate-General.The papers mainly cover:The approbation of the Governor-General of India for the actions undertaken by the Hennell relating to Khooshed Pasha [Khūrshid Pasha], Commanding the Egyptian Army in Nedgd [Najd, also known as Nejd], and negotiations for the possible return of the Residency from Karrak to Bushire [Bushehr]The disapprobation of the Governor-General of the expulsion of Sheik Nasir [Shaikh Nāṣir Āl Mazkūr II, a former Governor of Bushire] from the island of Karrak by Liuetenant-Colonel Shirreff, who is considered to have over-stepped his authority and interfered in political matters which are the remit of the Political ResidentArrangements for the removal of the British detachment in Persia, (if deemed by Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil , HM Chargé d’Affaires at Tehran, to be no longer required by the Shah of Persia), to Bagdad [Baghdad] and then Karrak for onward sea transport to Bombay, including statement by the Adjutant-General of the Army of the strength and disposition of the British detachment in Persia (f 118)Lieutenant-Colonel Shirreff’s request for powers to assemble General Courts Martial in order to deal with the alleged threat to security at Karrak from Persia, ‘incendiaries’ and ‘well-poisoners’, and assent to his request on condition that, unless under attack or siege, capital punishments must be referred to a superior authority.There is a note at the beginning of the item stating that the ‘Enclosure in Bombay Secret Letter No. 78, dated 20th June 1839, is missing from this Collection.’Physical description: 1 item (26 folios)
11. Affairs in Bhawulpoor
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 19 of 1853, dated 14 March 1853. The enclosures are numbered 3-10 and are dated 25 November 1852 to 9 March 1853.Most of the enclosures consist of correspondence regarding ‘disturbances’ in the Bhawulpoor territory [Bahawalpur], in relation to the disputed succession of Saadut (also spelled Sadick Khan in this item) [Ṣādiq III] as Nawab Amir and his deposition by Hajee Khan alias Mahomed Futteh Khan [Muḥammad Fath' Khān], and the possibility of troops being required to be sent into Bhawulpoor territory from Upper Sind [Sindh].The main correspondents are as follows: the Commissioner in Sind (Henry Bartle Edward Frere); the Quarter Master General of the Army; and the Government of Bombay.This item also includes: a letter from HM Envoy at Tehran, Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, to the Chief Secretary to the Government of Bombay, forwarding an extract from a recent number of the official Gazettepublished in Tehran, announcing that an arrangement had been concluded between the Prince Governor of Khorassan [Khorasan] and Alee Khan Seestanee ['Ali Khān Sistanī] for the protection of roads; and a minute by the Governor of Bombay concurred in by the Board, directing that copies of Sheil’s letter be sent to the Commissioner in Sind, the Government of India, and the Secret Committee.Physical description: There is an abstract of contents of the despatch, numbered 1-10, on folios 435-436. These numbers are repeated for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.
12. Aden Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: Folios 223-240 chiefly comprise correspondence and minutes of senior legal, financial and administrative officials of the Government in Bombay [Mumbai], and the Secretary to the Government of India, with the Governor-General. The main subjects covered are:The legality of sending convicts to Aden for employment in the construction of roads, in relation to Regulation XIV of 1827 regarding the transportation of convicts by the Government of India. Includes a summary of British law on transporattion of convicts from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I onwardsThe amount of allowance Major Bailie is entitled to receive whilst serving as Political Agent, Aden, during the absence of Commander Stafford Bettesworth Haines on sick leave, and the entitlement and liability of Haines regarding the cost of his passage to Bombay on sick leavePlans for the fortifications in Aden, including a discussion of the requirements and costs, following a report supplied by Captain Robert Foster of the EngineersAuthorisation of expenses submitted for the superintending engineers purchasing and preparing material for barracks and other buildings at Aden.Folios 241-261 comprise three reports by Haines to the Secretary to the Government, Bombay, 9 and 11 June, regarding the administration of Aden. His reports cover:The system of law and justice practiced at Aden prior to it becoming a British possession, including ‘Paper A’ entitled ‘Punishment according to Mahomedan Law’ (f 249)New arrangements for currency and customs duties, including ‘Paper B’ detailing former (up to May 1839) and proposed rates of import and export duty charged on sea and land (interior) goods including transit duties (ff 249-250)Merchant shipping activity on the peninsula coastThe general health of the troopsMeasures undertaken by Major Bailie during Haines’s absenceHaines’s requests for an assistant, a customs accountant from Bombay, and a boat and crew under the Agent’s chargeThe chain of mountains forming a boundary line with Egyptian possessions in the peninsula and the potential implications for viable British trade and commerce through the port of Aden, as well as the potential threat to British securityThe Agent’s proceedings with the Sultan of Lahedge [Lahej] and the various chiefs and sheiks [shaikhs] of the vicinity since his arrival on 20 May 1839, including the cultivation of relationships; arrangement of stipends; exchanges of gifts; and assurance that the British have no plans to march on LahedgeThe Agent’s suggestion concerning the employment of mounted camel bedwins [bedouins] to police or patrol the plains adjacent to interior.Physical description: 1 item (40 folios)
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