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25. 'File 19/209 I (C 73) Bahrain Ruling Family's Desire To Visit Other States'
- Description:
- Abstract: Documents in this file relate to planned (and actual) visits made by Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa to other states between 1930 and 1936.The majority of the documents in the file relate to Hamad's official visit to Great Britain in June 1936. The rationale behind his visit and the practicalities required to arrange it are discussed in detail. An official pamphlet of Hamad's itinerary while on the trip is contained on f.156.The file also contains correspondence after the trip had been successfully completed and Hamad had returned to Bahrain. This includes discussion of an (untrue) rumour that Hamad had married a Scottish woman while in London that was published by a newspaper based in Beirut.Physical description: A bound correspondence file. Foliated with pencil number in top-right corner of each front-facing page, from Front Cover to Interior Back Cover. Folio 150 bound out of place (between 153 and 154).
26. 'File 19/212 II (C 47) Bahrain Transit Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between various British officials regarding the transshipment of cargo at the port in Bahrain. Specifically, the correspondence discusses Bahrain's right to levy transit dues from Saudi Arabia on cargo transshipped at sea and cargo entering the port at Bahrain (from Saudi Arabia). The correspondence also discusses the likelihood of Saudi Arabia successfully developing a full-scale port at Ras Tanura and the impact that this step would have on Bahrain. Correspondence between British and Saudi officials is contained in the file.The file also includes correspondence with the British India Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. and detailed correspondence regarding a ship named the Ahmedithat was barred from entering the port in Bahrain.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. Foliated with pencil number in top-right corner of each front-facing page, from front cover to inside back cover. A second foliation pencilled, uncircled from folio 24- 217.
27. 'File 19/212 III (C 58) Bahrain Transhipment of Cargo'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding Bahrain's transit dues. The correspondence discusses negotiations with Saudi Arabia concerning transit fees and trade with Bahrain and the likelihood and possible impact (upon Bahrain) of the Saudi Arabian Government developing Ras Tanura as a rival trading port. Correspondence concerning the convening of a conference about these issues in Bahrain (attended by a Saudi delegation) is also contained in the file, as is information regarding trading activities of the Japanese in the region.A rough sketch map of a building at Ras Tanura is contained on folio 81.Physical description: Originally a bound correspondence volume, the file's pages have been unbound and are now loose.The foliation system commences at the title page and continues through to the 3rd folio from the back of the volume; these numbers are written in pencil, circled and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Foliation errors: 1A and 1B; 54A and 54B.
28. 'File 19/212 IV (C 63) Bahrain Transit Dues'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials, the government of Bahrain and a Saudi delegation concerning the levy of transit and re-export duties between the Hasa Coast and Bahrain.The correspondence also discusses the broader context of Anglo-Saudi relations and shipping issues in the region.The linguistic difficulties involved in translating an agreement concluded between Saudi Arabia and the British on behalf of the government of Bahrain are discussed on folios 108-114, 132 and 189-191.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. There are a couple of incomplete foliation sequences and one complete foliation sequence. The complete sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner. It begins on the first page, on number 1, and runs through to 213, ending on the inside of the back cover of the volume. It should be noted that f.1 is followed by f.1A; there are then two blank folios before the sequence resumes with f.1B. Letters have been used to number folios in other parts of the folio: f.152 is followed by f.152A.
29. 'File 19/218 (C 84) Bahrain Succession'
- Description:
- Abstract: The documents contained in this file relate to issues regarding succession in Bahrain after the death of Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa in 1932 and Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa in 1942.The file contains detailed discussions of the personality of Shaikh Hamad as well as assessments of the character of Hamad's three most-likely successors, his uncle Shaikh Abdullah bin Ali Al Khalifa and two of Hamad's sons, Salman and Abdullah.The succession of Salman as Hamad's successor is discussed in detail and a report regarding the circumstances of Hamad's death (from a stroke) is also contained.Physical description: Loose, unbound sheets in a file. Foliation - circled pencil numbers on the top right-hand corner of each front-facing page - starts on the front cover of the file and continues until the inside cover. The file has an inconsistent foliation system in uncircled pencil numbers also on the top right-hand corner of each front-facing page. Foliation errors: 9A and 9B
30. 'File 19/243 I (C 69) Zubarah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to tensions between Bahrain (and the Al Naim tribe) and Qatar concerning the ownership of Zubarah on the Qatar peninsula that took place between March and June 1937.At this time, the Al Naim tribe were allied to the Al Khalifa ruling family of Bahrain who claimed Zubarah as a part of their own territory (the family had been based there before their conquest of Bahrain in 1783). The British authorities did not recognise the Al Khalifa's claim to Zubarah and mediated between the two sides. The file contains extensive details of this mediation process.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume of which the front and back covers have become unattached.The main foliation sequence starts at the title page and continues through to the 2nd folio from the back of the volume; these numbers are written in pencil, circled and can be found in the top right of the recto side of each folio.A second foliation sequence, also written in pencil but not circled starts on f.2 and runs to f.204; these numbers can also be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. This system forks on f.30 to form a third foliation sequence, which is out of step with the second sequence due to the fact the 1st folio marked with this sequence is labelled with a range; these numbers are also not circled, written in pencil and can be found in the same position as the other two sequences.Foliation Errors: 1A and 1B.
31. 'File 19/243 IV Zubarah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence about on-going tensions between Bahrain and Qatar regarding the ownership of Zubarah after the Al Khalifa and Al Thani families had signed an agreement (mediated by the British) in 1944. The correspondence discusses disagreements between Bahrain and Qatar concerning their interpretation of the wording of the 1944 agreement and also the emigration of the Al Bu Rumaih tribe from Bahrain to Qatar (without permission of the ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa).On folios 8-4, the file contains a summary of all the key events related to the dispute over Zubarah from 1766 until 1946.A small sketch map of Zubarah and the surrounding area is contained on folio 117.Physical description: Formerly a correspondence file bound with treasury tags, the file's pages have been unbound and are now loose.There are three incomplete foliation sequences and one complete foliation sequence. The complete sequence is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and runs through to 161, ending on the inside of the back cover of the file.f.117 is stored in an envelope (f.116).
32. 'File 19/243 II (C 72) Zubarah'
- Description:
- Abstract: File contains correspondence related to hostilities that occurred between the forces of Shaikh Abdullah bin Qassim Al Thani of Qatar and the Al Naim tribe that took place in June and July 1937.At this time, the Al Naim tribe was allied to the Al Khalifa ruling family of Bahrain who claimed Zubarah as a part of their own territory (the family had been based there before their conquest of Bahrain in 1783). The British authorities did not recognise the Al Khalifa's claim to Zubarah and did not intervene on their behalf. Hostilities ended in July 1937 and Shaikh Rashid bin Muhammad, Chief of the Al Naim tribe, agreed to recognise the rule of the Al Thani family over Zubarah.The file also contains a map of Qatar (folio 164) and four aerial photographs of Zubarah (folios 160-163).Physical description: A bound correspondence file. Foliation starts on first page of text, top right hand circled number. Ends on last page in volume. A second foliation penciled, uncircled from folio 1a-209.
33. 'File 19/248 III (C 88) Education at Bahrain'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence and reports regarding the development of the education system in Bahrain.The correspondence is primarily between the Residency in Bushire, the Agency in Bahrain and the British Council in London.The file contains a report regarding the work of C.R.L Adrian-Vallance during his tenure as the Director of Education in Bahrain (November 1939 until July 1941) and correspondence about (and from) Adrian-Vallance’s successor, F.J Wakelin. Wakelin’s contract and expenses details are also enclosed.The file contains correspondence regarding the difficulties of recruiting teachers locally and encouraging teachers from abroad as well as more general discussions about education in the region.The file also contains correspondence between the Agency in Bahrain and the Agency in Muscat regarding the behaviour of six students from Muscat who were enrolled in secondary school in Bahrain and subsequently sent back to Muscat for misbehaviour.Physical description: Originally a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose. The file's complete foliation sequence is circled in pencil, near the centre, at the top of each folio. It begins on the title page, on number 1, and runs through to 301, ending on the inside of the back cover of the volume. There are several incomplete foliation sequences and one complete sequence in the volume.
34. 'File 19/252 Bahrain Water Supply'
- Description:
- Abstract: The documents in this file are all related to the natural water supply of Bahrain.They include two detailed surveys of the island's water supply, correspondence concerning the status of Bahrain's artesian wells, concerns about the wastage of water in gardens owned by Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (and other members of the Al Khalifa family) and more general correspondence regarding the usage of water in Bahrain.Physical description: Previously a bound volume, its sheets have been unbound and are now loose. Foliation starts with 1A for the file cover. The first page of the volume is 1B. It continues to the last page. Foliation in pencil numbers in top right corner of recto. Additional foliation has been rubbed out but is still faintly visible. Further foliation starts with 31 on f.21 and continues to f.27. It is then also rubbed out but traces remain visible. Due to foliation error, we have f.36A and f.36B instead of f.36.
35. 'File 19/191 II (C 38) Bahrain, Persian Claim To'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to the Persian Government's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain. Specifically, the file contains correspondence concerning a (failed) attempt by the Persian Inspector General of Customs to land at Bahrain, discussions as to whether Persia should be allowed to open a consulate in Bahrain, the Persian Government's appeal to the League of Nations in Geneva and broader discussions concerning the history of Bahrain, Persia's claim to it and the composition (and size) of the Persian community in the country.The file contains a number of translations of articles from the Persian press that criticised the British role in Bahrain (and the Gulf more broadly). It also contains a cutting from an article published in London's 'The Evening Standard' (f.113) that attacked Persia's attitude towards the issue.On ff. 188 - 196, the file contains a summary of all the papers then contained in the records of the Government of India that related to the sovereignty of Bahrain from 1819-1870.A report on the composition of the Persian community in Bahrain (written by the Political Agent in Bahrain, Charles Geoffrey Prior) is contained on ff.74 - 78.Physical description: Previously a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose.The main foliation system starts at the titlepage and ends on the spine of the volume. This sequence is written in pencil and can be found in the top right hand corner of the recto side of each folio, except for when the verso side of folios are numbered as well. In the latter cases they can be found in the top left corner.A second foliation runs between ff.31-196. This sequence is also written in pencil and found in the top right hand corner of the recto side of each folio.Foliation errors: 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D; 2, 2a and 2b; 22, 22a; 85a and 85b; 116a and 116b; 150A and 150B; 177A and 177B. Pagination: f.5, f.7 and f.9 are on the verso side of the preceding folio.
36. 'File 19/212 I (C 41) Bahrain Transit Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between various British officials and Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa regarding the transshipment of cargo at the port in Bahrain. Specifically, the correspondence discusses Bahrain's right to levy transit dues from Saudi Arabia on cargo transshipped at sea and cargo entering the port at Bahrain (from Saudi Arabia).The agreement that the British had pressured Shaikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa to make with Bin Saud in 1920 (regarding transit levies) is discussed in detail as are the attitude and actions of Bin Saud.The file also includes correspondence with the British India Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. and correspondence regarding a ship named the Ahmedithat was barred from entering the port in Bahrain.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume. Foliation is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the first folio after the front cover, on number 1A, and runs through to 271, ending on the inside of the back cover.Anomalies: ff.1A-F; f.23A; f.31A; f.39A; f.44A; f.93A; f.97A; f.137A; 221A; f.230A (stored in an envelope on the reverse of f.230).