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1. ‘Statement of the Fixed Revenues of Persia.’
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a statement of the fixed revenues of Persia [Iran]. It includes columns showing the following (in tomans and dinars): the amount of revenue, the total amount of revenue, the amount of moostamaree to be deducted, the total amount of moostamaree to be deducted, and the net amount of revenue for different provinces and districts of provinces. (A note on the verso of folio 2 explains that moostamaree was the fixed salaries paid by the government to different people in the province.)The copy is signed by Brigadier-General John Malcolm, and it was received via the ship Exeteron 8 August 1811.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
2. 'Reports of administration for 1918 of divisions and districts of the occupied territories in Mesopotamia. Volume I'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises annual reports and administration reports, submitted by Political Officers, for the following divisions in occupied Mesopotamia [Iraq]: Samara; Ba'qubah; Khaniqin [Khānaīqn]; Samawah; Shamiyah [Shāmīyah]; Hillah; Dulaim [Anbar]; Basrah; Qurnah; 'Amarah [Al 'Amārah]; Kut; Nasiriyah; Kirkuk; and the Kuwait Agency [Kuwayt].The administration reports often include details under the following headings: tribal and political boundaries; revenue; irrigation; agriculture; industry; municipalities; judicial; education; medical and sanitation; housing; police; jails; Shabanahs; labour; Waqf; establishment and personnel. They often contain appendices, providing statistical tables, special reports, notes on prominent personalities, lists of ruling Shaikhs, and details of court cases and prisoners.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 233; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence (445pp, including maps and tables).
3. 'Seistan. Revenue Report and Notes of the Perso-Afghan Arbitration Commission, 1902-1905. Volume III. Part VI - Revenue and Population Statements for Persian and Afghan Seistan'
- Description:
- Abstract: The third volume of reports produced by the Perso-Afghan Boundary Commission, Seistan [Sīstān], and submitted to the Government of India, Foreign Department. Publication statement: Simla: Government of India Foreign Department, 1906.The volume contains tabulated crop, revenue and population statements for Persian and Afghan Seistan.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 107; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence (viii, 185pp).
4. 'Memorandum by Sir M Durand on the situation in Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This memorandum was created on the 27 September 1895 by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, Minister Plenipotentiary to Tehran, and printed for the use of the Foreign Office in December 1895. It outlines the current situation in Persia [Iran] and the steps which should be taken to improve the position of the English in the country. The memorandum is 16 pages long and includes appendices totalling a further 26 pages. The main points discussed in the memorandum are as follows:financial concerns including the depreciation of the currency and the proposed reform of the currency;the perceived character of the Persian people;concerns over the behaviour of the Shah and his sons and the inevitable succession;the relationships of the country with foreign powers;the perceived influence of the English and the Russians in Persia;the attitude of the Persian Government towards the British Government and officialsreforms;the delimitation of the Perso-Baluch frontier.The appendices contain:1. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Picot, of the 31 August 1895, enclosing 'Part I, Notes of Persian Administration' and 'Part II, Proposals for Reform of the Central Administration of Government.'2. Note by Nawab Hasan Ali Khan on the 'Descent, Biography and Character of Ali Asghar Khan, Sadr-I-Azam'.3. 'List of the Total Revenues of Persia' by Nawab Hasan Ali Khan.4. Memorandum by Lieutenant-Colonel Picot on 'Past and Present Policy in Persia'5. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Picot, of the 1 July, 1895, enclosing a Memorandum on the 'News Agencies of Central Asia and the Caucasus' and Notes on the Resht and Tabriz Consulates.6. Private letter of the 24 June, 1895, from Nawab Hasan Ali Khan.Physical description: 21 folios
5. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1866'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the years 1865-66. The letters are dated 8 November 1865-28 November 1866. The abstracts are numbered 1-111 and each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from the (Political) Resident at AdenAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from the Assistant Resident at Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, Oman, Aden, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and the coast of East Africa, and covers the following subjects:Revenue and expenditurePublic works and transportation, including railways, roads, schools, canals, museums, ports, and jailsPay, pensions, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsCommunications, including postal services and telegraph networksCultivation of cottonReform of the administration of Kattywar [Kathiawar]Proposed reduction of the European army in British IndiaLanguage qualification requirements for officers in the Indian ArmyPoor morale in the British Indian Army following the Indian RevoltFamine in Bengal and Madras, and Government efforts to improve conditionsDisposal and re-use of captured and damaged weaponsPurchase of ships for Government of India useImportation of horses from England to improve Indian Army’s breeding stockVaccination programmes in Bombay and MadrasProceedings of Indian courts, including judgements issued by High CourtsAlleged mismanagement at the Bank of Bombay, and debate regarding Government oversight of the Bank’s activitiesThe foreign relations of the Government of India, including with Bootan [Bhutan], Persia [Iran], Khotan [Hotan], Affghanistan [Afghanistan], Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Zanzibar, Muscat, Turkey [Ottoman Empire], and Acheen [Aceh, Indonesia]Events in the Princely States, including successions, adoptions, the establishment of regencies, and warnings to rulers regarding mismanagementBorder disturbances on the North-West Frontier, and British military expeditions in responseCivil war in AffghanistanA diplomatic mission to the Emperor of Abyssinia and negotiations for the release of European prisonersVisit of the Sultan of Zanzibar to BombayRebellion against the King of Burma [also known today as Myanmar] led by his sons at MandalayReported ‘cruelties’ carried out by Turkish Government authorities against Indian pilgrims in MeccaDutch activity in Assahan [Asahan], Siam [Thailand], and Acheen [Aceh]Russian activity in Bokhara [Emirate of Bukhara], including the capture of Samarcund [Samarkand]British financial and military support for the Sultan of Muscat against Wahabee [Wahhābī] neighboursEvents in Muscat and Oman, including: the death of the Sultan of Muscat Syud Thoweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] and allegations that this death occurred on the orders of his son, Syud Salim [Sayyid Sālim bin Thuwaynī Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; refusal by the British to recognize Syud Salim as Sultan; and the seizure of Muscat’s ‘principal fort’ by Syud Salim’s uncle, Syud Torkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]Raiding by and military expeditions against the Foodlee [Faḍlī] tribe, including the British destruction of the village of Shugra [Shukrah]Proposed recruitment of an Arab cavalry force at AdenConstruction of defensive structures at AdenBritish naval bombardment of Wahabee coastal fortsBritish attacks on Soor [Sur], Katiff [Al Qatif] and Fort Damaum [Dammam]Appointment of additional assistants to the Persian Gulf Political StaffAnti-slavery actions by British vessels near ZanzibarUse of slave labour by British firms in ZanzibarRumours of survivors from the shipwrecked vessel St Abbs, and efforts by the Political Agent at Zanzibar to locate them in Somalia.A detailed index of subjects, places and people mentioned in the correspondence is included on folios 340-351.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Governor-General of IndiaThe Government of BombayThe Resident at AdenThe Political Agent at Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 354; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains two original pagination sequences between ff 4-339, and ff 340-351.
6. 'ABSTRACTS OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1868'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1868. The letters are dated 5 December 1867-11 December 1868.The abstracts are numbered 1-123 and each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Colonel Merewether, on Special Duty in AbyssiniaAbstracts of Letters received from AbyssiniaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], Affghanistan [Afghanistan], Persia [Iran], Zanzibar, Oman and Muscat, and Aden, and covers the following subjects:Pay, pensions, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsRevenue and expenditure, including income taxes, license taxes, disaster relief, and land revenue ratesCommunication, including postal services, and telegraph systemsPublic works and transportation, including railways, canals, roads, hospitals, ports, irrigation, jails, and lighthousesThe foreign relations of the Government of India, including with Persia, Burmah, Affghanistan , Muscat [Muscat and Oman], Abyssinia, and FranceEducation, including the Government of India’s support for use of vernacular languages in education, and financial support for female education in BombayBorder disturbances on the North-West FrontierEfforts by the British to repress ‘Wagheer outlaws’ in Kattywar [Kathiawar]Introduction of European freshwater fish into Indian waterwaysPayments, land grants, and tax reductions offered to British Indians for assisting the British during the Indian RevoltEvents in the Princely States, including British payments to rulers and ex-rulers, gifts sent to Queen Victoria, successions, visits of rulers to England, and the deposition of the Nawab of TonkProposals for the manufacturing of ordnance in IndiaProposals for the annexation of the Nicobar IslandsRescue of shipwreck survivors in the Andaman IslandsProposal for an expedition to the Andaman and Nicobar IslandsRussian activities in Affghanistan, Persia, and Bokhara [Emirate of Bukhara]Turkish [Ottoman] activities at Maculla [Mukalla] and Shehur [Ash-Shihr], YemenFrench activities in Burmah, China, and YemenCivil war in AffghanistanA British treaty with the King of Burmah, ratified 26 November 1867The progress of an exploratory expedition to Western ChinaOpium production and exportation to ChinaEmigration of ‘Coolies’ to French GuianaThe British expedition to AbyssiniaDiscussion of possible locations for a quarantine station in the Red SeaIncrease of the stipend paid to the Foodlee [Faḍlī] Sultan by the BritishPayments to the Abdalee [Abdalī] Ruler for his support of the British against the FoodleeDisputes concerning the payment of a subsidy from the Sultan of Zanzibar to the Sultan of MuscatDestruction of slave-trading vessels by the Sultan of ZanzibarNaval attacks by the Rulers of Bahrein [Bahrain] and Abuthaby [Abu Dhabi] on the inhabitants of Gattar [Qatar]Retaliatory attacks by the Ruler of Guttar [Qatar] against BahreinPunishment imposed by the British on the Rulers of Bahrein, Abuthaby, and Gattar for their ‘breach of the peace at sea’, including the deposition of Shaikh Mahomed bin Khalifeh [Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] of BahreinGrowing hostility between the Sultan of Lahej [Laḥij Sultanate] and the Sultan of Houshebi [Ḥawshabī Sultanate]Plans made by Syud Torkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] to take the Sultanate of Muscat while living on a British stipend in Bombay [Mumbai]Capture of Muscat and deposition of Sultan Syud Salim [Sayyid Sālim bin Thuwaynī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] by Azan bin Ghias [Imām ‘Azzān bin Qays]Proposals for the creation of a dedicated British naval force in the Persian GulfDisputes between Persia and Muscat concerning the lease of the island of Bunder Abbas [Bandar Abbas] and the ownership of the island of Angaum [Hengam]Proposal for the housing of the ‘Ming-Goon-Dine Prince’ [Prince Myingundaing of Burma] in Bhaugulpore [Bhagulpur] following an unsuccessful rebellion against the King of BurmaEscape from British custody and recapture of the ‘Myeng-Goon Prince’ [Prince Myingun of Burma]British ‘anti-piracy’ measures in the Mergui ArchipelagoOwnership of enslaved persons by British Indian subjects in ZanzibarAn embassy sent from Zanzibar to England to discuss the suppression of the slave tradeFrench naval bombardment and military occupation of Mohéli IslandExtracts from the 16 June 1868 and 30 June 1868 editions of the London Gazette, containing reports of the Abyssinian expedition.A detailed index of subjects, places and people mentioned in the correspondence is included on folios 484-502.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Governor-General of IndiaColonel William Lockyer MerewetherLieutenant-General Robert Cornwallis [Cornelis] NapierThe Political Agent at Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 505; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains multiple original pagination sequences.
7. 'Notes for a Memorandum on the Revenues of Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of notes for a memorandum on the revenues of Persia [Iran]. The verso of the last folio (folio 8) states that it was received via the ship Exeteron 8 August 1811.Physical description: 1 item (8 folios)
8. File 3540/1916 'MESOPOTAMIA 1919 PORTION (1)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume consists of printed reports, typed letters and other miscellaneous correspondence by British officials relating to the British occupation of Mesopotamia [Iraq] in the period February 1916 to August 1919 covering topics such as criminal procedure regulations, proclamations and notices, and financial department circulars. The papers notably cover and include the following:Agricultural developmentReports of political officersReports on some of the tribes in Arab and Kurdish areas of Mesopotamia.Notable items include the following:‘Baghdad Criminal Procedure Regulations’, a law promulgated by William Rayne Marshall, Commanding-in-Chief, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force (ff 692-722)‘NOTE ON LAND LAW’ by H F Forbes, President, Baghdad Civil Court, (ff 689-690)‘Civil Department Orders’ issued by the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force (ff 487-501)Guidance on the transliteration of Arabic into English (ff 475-477)Notes on kelek, a form of river transport (ff 469-474)Report on an expedition from Hamadan to Kavind [Qazvin] via Sennah [Sanandaj] by Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell‘Notification on the taking and reproduction of photographs, 1917-1918’, comprising rules on the restrictions relating to the taking and reproducing of photographs. Issued by Arnold Talbot Wilson, Officiating Civil Commissioner (ff 452-453)‘NOTE ON WHEAT EXPERIMENTS, MESOPOTAMIA, 1917-1918’ by Colin Campbell Garbett. Printed report on wheat experiments conducted in Mesopotamia with foreword by G Evans, Director of Agriculture, Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force (ff 419-429)A letter from the Director of the Arab Bureau, Cairo, forwarding three copies of Southern Nejd: journey to Kharj, Aflaj, Sulaiyyil, and Wadi Dawasir in 1918by Harry St John Bridger Philby (copies not included in volume) (f 328)Monthly reports of Political Officers, Baghdad Vilayet, November 1918 (ff 251-297)‘Proclamations and notices relating to the civil administration and inhabitants of the Baghdad Vilayet, 22 December 1916 to 1 July 1918’, compiled by the Office of the Civil CommissionerPolitical Office Diaries, July-August 1918 covering Badra [Badra], Hai [Al Hay], Kut [Al-Kut], Zobair [Az Zubayr], Suq esh-Sheyukh [Suq Al-Shuyukh], Nasiriyeh [Nasiriya], Shattra [Al-Shatra], Qilat Sikar [Qalat Sukkar] (ff 92-297)‘Administration Report on the Muntafik [Muntafiq] Division for 1918’ by Major Harold Richard Patrick Dickson (ff 93-244).Correspondents include: Chief of the General Staff, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force; Office of the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; Officiating Civil Commissioner (Arnold Talbot Wilson); Officer In Charge, Iraq Section, Arab Bureau (Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell); Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, London; Foreign Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department, Delhi; Political Secretary, India Office, London.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 741; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
9. File 3540/1916 'MESOPOTAMIA 1919 PORTION (2)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume consists of printed reports, typed letters and other miscellaneous correspondence by British officials relating to the British occupation of Mesopotamia [Iraq, also used in this file] in the period from November 1918 to January 1920. It covers such topics as proclamations and notifications from the British occupation forces, descriptions of rivers, agriculture and land revenue, and tribes.The papers notably include the following:Monthly reports of political officers in IraqBritish occupation forces proclamations and notifications on a wide range of topicsGeneral circulars of the British occupation forces.Notable items include the following:Extracts from the German Official Handbookon Mesopotamia published in Berlin, October 1917 (ff 650-660)English translations of Turkish [Ottoman] laws (ff 594-602)Notification (in English and Arabic) of the 1919 Baghdad Penal CodeMonthly reports of political officers of the Occupied Territories, January 1919Statements in Arabic from various communities containing their views on self-determination (ff 462-485)A compilation of proclamations and notices relating to civil administration and the inhabitants of the Baghdad Wilayet [Vilayet], 22 December 1916-31 December 1918, Office of the Civil Commissioner, Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force (ff 410-460)Notes on the characters of tribes (and their shaikhs) of the Qalat Sikar [ Qalʻat Sukkar] District, 1919 (ff 388-391)Notes on Kurdish tribes (located on and beyond the borders of the Mosul Vilayet and westwards to the Euphrates) compiled in the Office of the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad, July 1919 (ff 195-228)Handbook entitled Tapu (Turkish ‘title deed’ or ‘proof of ownership’ certificate) Office Procedure in dealing with mülk (a form of Ottoman land tenure similar to freehold or private land)Western affluents of the Euphrates River and Wadi Hauran (ff 77-88).Correspondents include: Civil Commissioner, Baghdad (Captain Arnold Talbot Wilson); Under-Secretary for State for India; Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department; General Headquarters, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force, Baghdad; High Commissioner, Cairo; HM Minister, Tehran; Controller of War Accounts, Simla; Embarkation Commandant, Civil Administration, Mesopotamia Branch, Karachi; Embarkation Commandant, Civil Administration, Mesopotamia Branch, Bombay [Mumbai].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 663; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional, intermittent foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-660; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
10. File 3540/1916 'MESOPOTAMIA 1920 PORTION (1)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume consists of printed reports, typed letters and other miscellaneous correspondence by British officials relating to the British occupation of Mesopotamia [Iraq, also used in this volume] in the period from September 1919 to July 1920. It covers such topics as political developments in specific regions and relevant tribal leaders, and includes descriptions of irrigation channels and their water flow rates, as well as geographical assessments for British occupation. The papers notably include the following:An index to the diaries of political officers of the Occupied Territories, as well as monthly reports of political officers in IraqBritish occupation forces proclamations, notifications (some in Arabic) and administration reports on a wide range of topics including: midwives; Inland Waters Shipping (Mesopotamia) Amendment; water flows in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers; the Mesopotamian spring harvest; Baghdad reformatory and civil jails; Government press; and districts such as the Emirate of Arabistan.General circulars (November-December 1919) issued by the Civil Administration of Iraq.Notable items include the following:‘Note on Nomad Arab Tribes’ by Major J I Eadie (ff 2-3)‘Note on tribes and shaikhs of Anah-Albu Kamal district’ [Anah, Iraq; Albu Kamal, Syria] by Captain Charles C Mylles, Assistant Political Officer, Anah-Albu Kamal. Includes an English/Arabic table giving details of tribes (ff 5-7)Report on the Tapu Department for 1919 (ff 11-16)Table on the ruling Al Rashid family of ShammarAn article from The Times Educational Supplement, 1 July 1922, ‘The Baghdad Reformatory’ (folio 187)‘Kurdistan: Rowanduz Affairs’, a printed note by Major William Rupert Hay, Political Officer, Erbil'Note on the Tribes and Shaikhs of Shatrah [Ash-Shaṭrah] district' by Captain C S J Berkeley (ff 330-333)‘Short history of Shatrah Tribes’ by Captain Bertram Sidney Thomas, Assistant Political Officer, Shatrah [Ash-Shatrah], published 1 September 1919 (ff 335-366)‘Note of the results of anti-plague inoculation in Baghdad during the epidemic of 1919’ by the Medical Officer, Baghdad (ff 354-358)Statistical information relating to the labouring workforce in the area under British occupation (f 487).Correspondents include: Civil Commissioner, Baghdad (Captain Arnold Talbot Wilson); Under-Secretary for State for India; Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign and Political Department; and General Headquarters, Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force, Baghdad.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 487; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Multiple intermittent additional pagination sequences are also present. A previous foliation sequence has been superseded and therefore crossed out.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
11. File 4330/1920 ‘Revenue Secretariat, Baghdad. MONTHY REPORTS OF POLITICAL OFFICERS IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES OF IRAQ. for the month of February, 1920.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume mostly consists of monthly reports (also titled political diaries) by political officers in the territories of Iraq under British occupation, for the month of February 1920, forwarded by the Acting Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia [Iraq], to the Under-Secretary of State for India.It includes:Reports from divisional political officers for the following divisions: Baghdad; Diyalah [Diyala]; Shamiyah [Al-Shamiya]; Hillah; Kut; Mosul; Sulaimania [Sulaymaniyah]; Kirkuk; and Arbil [Erbil] and Rawanduz.Reports from district assistant political officers for the following districts: Eastern Shamiyah; Kufah [Kufa]-Najaf; Western Shamiyah; Ramadi; Basrah [Basra]; Qurnah [Al-Qurna]; Amarah [Amara] Municipality; Northern District, Amarah; Mosul; Aqra [Aqrah or Akre]; Dohuk; Tel Afar; Zakho; and Koi Sanjaq [Koysinjaq or Koy Sanjaq] (this report covers 16 January to 15 February 1920).The reports are divided into sections on different subjects under headings such as: tribal [affairs]; law and order and condition of district; gendarmes; levies; police; agriculture; weather; revenue; municipal [affairs]; tapu [relating to land privately held by the title deed system]; waqf [relating to land allocated for religious or charitable endowment]; education; hospitals and dispensaries; tours of political officers and assistant political officers; frontier questions; irrigation and bunds [embankments]; and questions affecting military authorities.The volume also includes the following reports for the month of February 1920:Progress Report from the Municipal Commissioner, BasrahReport of Works in the Civil Works Division from the Officiating Executive Engineer, Civil WorksAdministration report of the Basrah Civil Jail from the Superintendent of the Civil JailReport of the First Class Magistrate, Basrah DivisionReport from the Civil Base Depot, BasrahDiary of the Assistant Commissioner of Police, Amarah.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 191; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
12. Bagdad Pachalic Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This part of the volume consists of a copy of an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 105 of 1847, dated 30 December 1847. The enclosure concerns affairs in the Baghdad Pachalic [Pashalik, also spelled Pashalic in this item]. It is numbered 3 and is dated 28 October 1847.The enclosure consists of a letter from the Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq] and Consul at Baghdad [also spelled Bagdad in this item], Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, to the Secretary to the Government of Bombay in the Political Department, forwarding copies of two despatches to the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department. These two despatches enclose a copy of a despatch from Lord Cowley, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Constantinople [Istanbul] to Rawlinson, and copies of despatches to Cowley from Rawlinson and from Lieutenant Arnold Burrowes Kemball as Acting Consul at Baghdad. The despatches to Cowley include an enclosed letter from Rawlinson to HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Tehran, Colonel Justin Sheil, and a letter to Rawlinson from the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lord Palmerston.The despatches report on matters including:Instructions reaching Baghdad from the Sublime Porte [the Government of the Ottoman Empire] exempting British Indian subjects from the passport regulations instituted by the Turkish [Ottoman] Government, and Lord Cowley reporting that he has obtained an assurance from the Porte that it is not their intention to enforce the orders recently promulgated for the compulsory sale of properties belonging to foreignersThe progress of the cholera epidemic in the Baghdad PashalicSuffrok [Ṣufūq bin Fāris al-Jarbā’, also spelled Suffook in this item], the ‘de jure Chief’ of the Shammar tribe and his son Ferhan [Farḥān bin Ṣufūq al-Jarbā’] having so far complied with the summons of Nejib Pasha to present themselves at Baghdad, with Nejib Pasha [Gürcü Mehmet Necip Pasha, or Muḥammad Najīb Pāshā, also spelled Negib Pasha in this item, Wali of Baghdad] investing Ferhan as Sheikh [Shaikh] in lieu of his father, rather than their rival Ayudeh [‘Ūdah?]The state of the Turco-Persian frontier, including Nejib Pasha complaining to Rawlinson about the dangers to which Turkish subjects are exposed by the ‘incapacity’ of the Governors of Kermanshah and Senna [Sanandaj] to control the ‘Koordish’ [Kurdish] tribes residing within the Persian [Iranian] lineNejib Pasha issuing orders directing that the Turkish guard ship be withdrawn from its position at the mouth of the Haffar Canal, a position remonstrated against by Sheil as a breach of engagement, and that it be moved to the Bussorah [Basra] roadsThe conduct of Suffook, the Chief of the Shammar, after he had been restored to favour by Nejib Pasha, being (in Rawlinson’s words) ‘offensive to the dignity and hurtful to the interests of the Government to which he owes allegiance’, leading to him being killed by Gunj Agha [Kunj Āghā], who had been sent by Nejib Pasha; and Rawlinson’s view that although Nejib Pasha strenuously denies it was a premeditated murder, the ‘Arab’ tribes over whom Suffook had ‘extraordinary influence’ will view it as a treacherous murder and resume their 'old habits' of isolation from all contact with the Turkish authoritiesNejib Pasha asserting the supremacy of the secular authorities over the ‘fanatical party’ connected with the tomb of the ‘Soonee’ [Sunni] saint Sheikh Abdul Kadir [Shaikh ʿAbd al-Qādir Gīlānī or al-Jīlānī], through actions including the removal of the Mufti of Baghdad from office and the principal men associated with the shrine being arrested and transported to Bussorah, in response to what Rawlinson describes as the threat of imminent insurrection, and Rawlinson’s approval of the actions of Nejib PashaNegib Pasha despatching Sadik Beg [Ṣādiq Beg] to Bussorah, for the purpose, Rawlinson believes, of him seeking compensating sources of revenue following the order of the Porte to abolish the Ihtisab duty [a tax on markets in the Ottoman Empire] throughout the Pashalic, with these sources of revenue likely to include the imposition of a twelve per cent duty ad valorem on horses exported to India, which Lord Palmerston has stated to Rawlinson would be disapproved by HM GovernmentRawlinson having a ‘full and very satisfactory’ conversation with Sadik Beg regarding the suppression of the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people] between Bussorah and the African Coast, with Sadik Beg appearing prepared to give full effect to the prohibitory instructions issued from Constantinople and Baghdad on the subjectRawlinson’s view that it would be advantageous for him to visit Bussorah himself in December 1847, after the convention of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Major Samuel Hennell, with the ‘Arab Chiefs’ [prohibiting the transportation of enslaved African persons on board vessels belonging to Bahrain and the Trucial States] has come into operation, in order to for him to be able to examine personally the working of the present system.Physical description: 1 item (22 folios)
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