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1. '11/3 ACTIVITIES OF SAUDI ARABIANS IN DOHA'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file is entitled 'Activities of Saudi Arabians in Doha'; however, it concerns the activities of Saudi Arabians in Bahrain. The file includes correspondence between Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Captain George Ashmead Cole, Political Agent at Bahrain; and Charles Dalyrmple Belgrave, Adviser to the Bahrain Government.Correspondence between 1934 and 1935 concerns a Saudi proclamation ( i‘lān) posted on a wall in the Manama Pearl Bazaar without the permission of the Government of Bahrain (ff 2-3); action regarding a Nejd [Najd] travel document issued to Mohomed Ali [Muḥammad ‘Alī bin ‘Īd] and signed by Shaikh Mohomed al-Tawil [Muḥammad al-Ṭawīl], a Saudi official accompanying the Saudi Arabia Delegation in Bahrain (ff 4-8); and a case involving a Saudi subject charged with importing a rifle into Bahrain and selling it at Muharraq, plus a subsequent letter from Hamad Sulaiman [Ḥamad bin Sulaymān], a member of the Saudi Arabian Delegation in Bahrain, to Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah regarding the matter (ff 9-13). The remainder of the file (ff 14-25) consists of copies of correspondence between the Political Resident and the India Office with regards to the issue of the flying of the Saudi Arabian flag by the Trade Agent of ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd [Ibn Saud] on Fridays at Kuwait, and how this issue pertains to the other Shaikhdoms of the Persian Gulf, including Bahrain.Notable Arabic documents include the aforementioned proclamation, dated 23 Sha‘bān 1353 [1 December 1934], concerning plans by the Government of Saudi Arabia to offer to carry fifty pilgrims in motor cars from Hasa (al-Aḥsā’) to Mecca and Medina (f 3), with a partial translation appearing on folio 25; and the aforementioned travel document ( tadhkirat huwīyat al-musāfir) issued by the Government of Saudi Arabia and including the stamps of the passport offices of Qatif [al-Qaṭīf] and Bahrain (f 5).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-24; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled.
2. 'Journey of certain Palestinian and Syrian Arabs to Saudi Arabia via Kuwait: question of grant of transit visas'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence relating to the issuing of transit visas for Kuwait for individuals from Palestine and Syria. The file includes deciphered telegrams on the subject, exchanged between Sir Basil Cochrane Newton (HM Ambassador to Iraq) and Cyril Prior (Political Resident in the Persian Gulf), and also contains a draft letter from Roland Tennyson Peel (Secretary for the Political Department in the India Office).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 7; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
3. 'VISIT OF SAUDI AIRCRAFT TO BAHRAIN'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns clearance ('No Objection') for Saudi Arabian aircraft to land at Bahrain and the issuing of visas. The correspondence within the file is between His Majesty's Minister at Jedda; Alan Trott, His Majesty's Ambassador at Jedda; the Political Agent at Bahrain; the Acting Adviser to the Bahrain Government; the Political Agent at Kuwait; and the Government of Pakistan, Karachi.The correspondence of 1945 (ff 2-5) concerns permission for an aeroplane to visit Bahrain to collect Seifal Islam Abdullah (Sayf al-Islām ‘Abdullāh) who was due to arrive from Iraq on 4 December 1945, and the cancellation of this arrangement due to him proceeding from Damascus instead. The correspondence of 1947 (f 6) concerns the issuing of visas to Aramco Americans and the decision to give blanket clearance to Aramco planes registered in Ethiopia so as to obtain the benefits of the Chicago Convention (but not to Saudi Arabian planes, unless Saudi Arabia is prepared to give reciprocal rights to Kuwaiti and British aircraft). The correspondence for 1948 (ff 7-11) concerns the issuing of a visa and clearance for the Amir of Hasa (al-Aḥsā’), Saud bin Jiluwi [Sa‘ūd bin Jalawī], to travel to Pakistan and India for urgent medical treatment.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
4. ‘File 12/14 Shipping. Miscellaneous accidents between dhows and steamers’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence concerning three cases involving dhows, as follows:correspondence relating to a collision between a Bahrain-registered dhow and an Anglo-Iranian Oil Company tug at Khorramshahr in November 1943. Much of the follow-up correspondence concerns the seizure by the Iranian authorities of passports belonging to two Bahrainis who travelled to Khorramshahr to assist in affairs following the collision, and the Bahrain authorities’ efforts to have the passports returned. Principal correspondents in the case include: the Political Agent at Bahrain (Major Tom Hickinbotham); the British Consul at Khorramshahr; the Adviser to the Bahrain Government (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave) (ff 2-15);correspondence dated 1944 relating to an enquiry made by an Indian company, Kanayalal Deepchand Hinduja, seeking the whereabouts of their vessel, the Fathel Rahman, missing while travelling from Bombay to Basra, with the Political Agent at Bahrain reporting, after enquiries made with the Customs Director at Bahrain and the Residency Agent at Sharjah, that nothing is known of the vessel (ff 16-21);correspondence dated June 1949 relating to an incident taking place off the coast of Sharjah/Dubai, in which a dhow engine caught fire, resulting in the death of one crew member and the injury of another, the latter taken on board HMS Flamingofor medical care. The principal correspondent in this case is the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf (Captain P Skelton) (ff 22-27).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 30; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-20; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
5. ‘File 13/9 Unauthorised flights to Bahrain’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the anticipated arrival in Bahrain from Baghdad, on an Imperial Airways aircraft, of the Vice President of the American Express Company, Mr [Frank B] Harding. The principal correspondents in the file are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard William Craven Fowle; the Political Agent in Bahrain, Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch; and the Assistant Political Agent in Bahrain, Meredith Worth.The file’s telegrams and file notes detail the reluctance of British officials to permit Harding to land in Bahrain, a British national who they mistakenly assumed to be American, fearing that he may be investigating the possibility of opening a branch of his bank on the islands.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-24; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
6. ‘File 13/21 Flights by private aircraft in Persian Gulf’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the use by private aircraft of aerodromes along the Arab coast of the Gulf, chiefly of the RAF aerodrome at Muhurraq, Bahrain, but also the RAF base at Sharjah. The principal correspondents in the file are the Acting Political Agent in Bahrain, Captain Huge Dunstan Rance, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Crawshaw Galloway, the Air Traffic Officer at RAF Bahrain, Flight-Lieutenant M S Scotney, and officials from the India Office and Foreign Office.The correspondence is in response to the arrival of an increasing number of private aircraft at Bahrain, most travelling from England to Australia, raising questions of: how best to ensure that the visas and passports for passengers and pilots are being adequately checked; whether private flights arriving at Bahrain are covered by the existing Air Navigation Regulations for Bahrain; and whether additional approval for private flights should be sought from the ruler of Bahrain. Included in the file is a letter from Rance to the RAF Commanding Officer (ff 18-19), with a list of the particulars of private flights required by the Political Agency, Bahrain Government and Quarantine Medical Officer, and a letter from Sheikh Salmān bin Ḥamad Āl Khalīfah, ruler of Bahrain (f 32), stating that he has no objection to private aviators landing at Bahrain, provided they possess the proper passports and visas. Later correspondence in the file concerns the means by which RAF officials communicate to the Agency, Government and Quarantine Officer on the arrival of private aircraft at Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-50; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
7. ‘File 28/1 W (Bahrain Defence) N.C.O. – ‘Iraq levy officer’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence related to the recruitment of NCOs (Non-Commissioned Officers) from Iraq, to serve in the Bahrain Special Police Force. The principal correspondents in the file are the Political Agent at Bahrain, Major Reginald George Evelin William Alban and the Air Officer Commanding at Habbaniyah in Iraq.The file includes:correspondence between India Office, Air Ministry and Government of India officials, covering the period December 1939 to March 1940, on the recommended rates of pay and terms for Majors in the Indian Army, and for NCOs serving in India, in order to establish the appropriate rates of pay for their employment in Bahrain (ff 9-21);a recommendation from the British Embassy at Baghdad for the provision of an officer from the Iraq Levies for the Special Police Force in Bahrain (ff 27-32);correspondence relating to the appointment of Major A C Byard as Defence Officer for the Persian Gulf, including a letter from Air Headquarters, dated 8 June 1940, outlining the Defence Officer’s duties and responsibilities (ff 42-44);the Political Agent’s visit to Air Headquarters in Iraq in June 1940, to assist in the process of recruitment for the Bahrain defence force. A report of his visit, sent to the Political Resident is included in the file (ff 37-38, ff 45-47);recommendations for the appointment of an Alwan officer from Iraq, and their eventual despatch to Bahrain, after difficulties in obtaining a passport;in May 1940, Major Byard’s, and other British officials’ concerns over the attitude of the Iraqi NCOs in Bahrain, in light of hostilities in Iraq, and Government decision to return the Iraqi NCOs to Iraq (ff 74-85).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 94; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Three additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 2-73, ff 2-91, and ff 92-94 respectively; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
8. 'File 29/7 I Consular: Passport and Visa Regulations (governing Bahrain, Muscat, Kuwait and other Shaikhdoms)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence and documents related to passport and visa regulations in the various Shaikhdoms of the Gulf, primarily in Bahrain, Kuwait and Muscat.The majority of the correspondence is between Charles Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain; the Political Agency in Bahrain; the Political Residency in Bushire and other British officials, both in the region and in London.The file also contains a limited amount of correspondence in Arabic, including letters to the Political Agency in Bahrain from Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim, the Emir of Qatar.On folios 134-135, the file contains a Foreign Office memorandum entitled 'Travel Documents for Persons proceeding to, and for Natives of, Certain British Protectorates and Certain Arab States'.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 292; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 9-260; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
9. 'File 8/61 Muscat State Affairs: Fujerah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns the claim of the Sultan of Muscat and Oman [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd] to Fujairah (transliterations vary throughout). The correspondence begins with the reported death of Shaikh Saif bin Hamad ash-Sharqi [Shaikh Saif bin Ḥamad Āl Sharqī], Ruler of Fujairah, on 24 December 1938. The rest of the file concerns the Sultan's claim that the Shaikh of Fujairah is a subject of Muscat.In the file the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat reports that he has received from the Sultan a passport – given by the Muscat Government to Shaikh Saif bin Hamad's brother and successor, Muhammad bin Hamad – so that the Political Agent may grant a visa for Muhammad bin Hamad's passage to Bahrain. The remaining correspondence is concerned with how the Political Agent should respond, since it is suspected that the granting of a visa would amount to the British recognising the Sultan's claim.The principal correspondents are the following: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman.The Arabic language material consists of a letter received by the Political Agent from the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (an English translation is included).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 20; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-18; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
10. '15/3 Vol I XV - B/1 VISITORS SUSPECTS & UNDESIRABLES SULEMAN AL BARUNI AL NAFUSI & HIS RELATIVES Jan 1923 - June 1940.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to Suleiman al Baruni and his relatives.The discussion in the file concerns:Baruni's travel to Iraq and Muscathis membership of the Ibadhi sect and the esteem he was held in by both the Sultan of Muscat and Oman and the Imam of Omanhis appointment as Minister in the government of the Sultanate of Muscat and Omanarrangements for travel of members of his familyThe principal correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agent, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; HM High Commissioner for Iraq; and officials of the Government of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 202; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
11. Persian Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 57 of 1847, dated 16 June 1847. The enclosures are dated 14 April-14 May 1847 (although some internal copy documents date back to 26 February 1847). (Note: the abstract erroneously dates the second enclosure 14 April 1847).The primary documents are letters from Colonel Justin Sheil, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Tehran, chiefly to the Right Honourable Viscount Palmerston, GCB, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and the Government of India, including copies of relevant correspondence.Numerous major and minor political, diplomatic and commercial subjects are covered in this item illustrating: tensions between Persia [Iran] and Ottoman Turkey whilst treaty negotiations were taking place at Erzeroom [Erzurum, Anatolia] and the role of the British embassy at Tehran as a mediator; relations between Britain, Persia, Turkey, France and Russia; internal Persian politics; and Sheil’s representation of British interests and individuals in the Persian dominions. Matters notably covered are (in this order in the item):Controversy over the nationality of an Armenian named ‘Stepan’, employed by English merchants at Tabreez [Tabriz], previously nationalised as a Russian and unsuccessfully seeking Persian citizenship to avoid having to journey to Russia to renew his identity certificatesSheil’s impatience with the Persian Government’s delay in sending a new consul to Baghdad and using the British Consul, Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, as the representative of their interests therePersian indemnity claims against Turkey following events at Mohammera [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammerah], Rewandooz [Rawanduz?] and Kerbella [Karbala]; tensions over Turkey relinquishing Mohammera but not some of the (Persian owned) lands around it; and British and Russian mediation to have claims of both sides dropped in treaty negotiationsBritish and French commercial competition in relation to Persia, notably armaments sales, and British concerns about the Persian envoy to France stopping at the French Embassy in Constantinople [Istanbul] on his way back to Paris and ‘meddling’ in treaty negotiationsReturn to Tehran of the Governor of Khorassan, for certain criticized actions in the province; his rivalry with Persian Prime Minister Hajee Meerza Aghassee [Haji Mirza Aqasi] (who wants him banished); and his unsuccessful soliciting of Sheil’s public supportUncertainty surrounding the Shah’s purported plans to march an expedition against the ‘refractory’ Toorkoman people [Turkomans] in the region of Asterabad [Gorgan, formerly Astarabad] and Sheil’s advisory against it due to the remoteness of the region, the Shah’s poor health and because it could appear provocative to the Turkish authorities (the expedition did not take place)The Persian Prime Minister’s objections to a Turkish vessel of war anchoring at mouth of the Haffar estuary/canal ‘offensively’ close to Mohammera on the pretext of deterring ‘piracy’ and Sheil’s appeal to the Government of India to press the Turks to remove it as it impeded treaty negotiations at ErzeroomPersian complaints against a Turkish requirement that Persian travellers and pilgrims purchase a highly priced Turkish passports to visit the shrines in their dominions, when Russian Muslims are exempt from this taxEmbarrassment caused to Sheil by the continued presence of Agha Khan Mehellatee [Hasan Ali Shah Mahallati] in Bombay under British protection and the Government of India’s delay in fulfilling the terms of an agreement with the Shah to settle the Agha Khan in Calcutta [Kolkata]; and news that the Agha Khan’s brother is warring against the Shah in Kerman using English gunsThe unsuccessful attempt of Sheil’s envoy to trace English captives in territory of the newly enthroned Khan of KhivaComplaints received by Sheil of monetary harassment of British merchants and seizing of their property in Sheeraz [Shiraz] by Persian authoritiesSheil’s refusal to provide official protection to German missionaries, converted from Judaism to the Church of England (and sent by the London Missionary Society), arriving in Isfahan to convert Jewish people to Christianity, as it is against Shah’s laws to proselytizeThe Persian Government’s complaint regarding rumours that the Turks are constructing a fort on the right bank of the Shatt-ool-Arab [Shatt al-Arab] opposite Mohammera and British response that if they are it is probably in retaliation for Persia building forts near the Turkish frontier in Azerbijan [Azerbaijan]Fate of the medal of the Order of the Lion and Sun belonging to the late Persian Consul at Baghdad, and an embarrassing dispute between his executors and the French Consul General, Baron de Weimar, which drew in the involvement of the British Consul and the Pasha [Governor] of BaghdadPersian complaint regarding import and additional duties payable by Persian merchants in the Ottoman dominions and claims that they violate the convention of Balte Liman [Treaty of Balta Limani 1838]Sheil’s attempts to persuade the Shah to issue an edict outlawing the ‘traffic of slaves’ [enslaved persons] within his dominions, similar to the edict issued by the Ottoman Porte; the Shah’s refusal on the grounds that it is against Islamic law to prevent the possible conversion of ‘heathens’ from Africa to Islam; Sheil’s correspondence with the Persian Prime Minister who intimates the real reasons the Shah will not cave in to pressure are his annoyance with the British delays in sending the Agha Khan to Calcutta, for imprisoning of the Persian Consul in Bombay, and the protracted negotiations with Turkey at Erzeroom.Physical description: There is an abstract of contents of the despatch, numbered 1-4, on folio 71. These numbers are repeated for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.
12. Coll 30/84 'PASSPORTS & VISAS: INCLUDING PERSIAN REFUSAL TO VISA BRITISH PASSPORTS ENDORSED FOR KOWEIT AND BAHRAIN.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the refusal of the Government of Persia (later referrred to as Iran) to issue visas for travel to Persia to holders of British passports bearing endorsements for Koweit [Kuwait] and Bahrain. The issue arose because of Persia's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain. This refusal by the Iranian authorities was later exetended (1938) to British passports bearing endorsements for the Trucial Coast and Muscat. The file also contains papers dated 1947 concerning the issue by the Political Agent, Bahrain of visas for Eritrea.The principal correspondents are the Foreign Office, and HM Minister, Tehran (later HM Ambassador to Iran).The Persian language content of the file consists of a single form.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical parts. The foliation sequence commences at the first folio of part one (ff 1-129) and terminates at the last folio of part two (ff 130-255); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-255; these numbers are printed, and are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers of the parts.
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