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13. 'File 4/21 Kuwait Nationality and International Status of Kuwait'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between officials at the India Office and the Foreign Office regarding the legal status and historical development of Bahraini and Kuwaiti nationality. The rear of the file also contains correspondence and notes regarding the delineation of the Iraqi-Kuwaiti frontier.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 41; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel; one between ff 2-40 and one between ff 36-38; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
14. Persian Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises a copy of an enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 24 of 1847, dated 12 March 1847. The enclosure is dated 14 January 1847.The item comprises copies of despatches forwarded, for the information of the Governor-General of India, by Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, HM Envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia [Iran], to Viscount Palmerston, HM Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, with relevant enclosures.The papers cover a number of matters, notably including:1) Sheil’s advice to Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in Bushire [Bushehr], not to admit the claim of an Indian-Persian merchant to be considered a British subject, since his motive is likely to be the evasion of legal customs duties and because acquiescence would cause conflict with the Persian [Iranian] authorities.2) An arrangement concluded by Hennell with the Governor of Fars for the employment of British ships of war for the redress of grievances committed against British subjects in the Persian ports of the Persian Gulf, and the extension of similar protection to Persian subjects.3) Following instructions from Palmerston, Sheil’s attempt to offer the Ameer of Bokhara [Amir of Bukhara] a ransom of 15,000 tomans for the surrender of Colonel Stoddart, Captain Connolly and Lieutenant W H Wyburd [William Henry Wybard] at either Meshed [Mashhad] or Merve [Merv], including a copy of Sheil’s letter to the Ameer (ff 488-489) to be delivered via the ‘Khaleefa or Chief Priest’ at Merve and which is written to appear derived from the friends of the three men, not on behalf of the British Government4) An attempt made by Prince Dolgorukie [Prince Dimitri Ivanovich Dolgorukov], Russian Minister in Tehran, to induce the Persian Government to issue a firman admitting Russian men of war vessels to the ‘back water of Enzellee [Bandar-e Anzali]’ (on the Caspian Sea), including copies of a letter from Dolgoroukie and the reply of Hajee Meerza Aghassee [Ḥājī Mīrzā Āqāsī, Prime Minister to the Shāh of Persia] which Sheil obtained from a ‘private source’ (ff 490-491).5) Sheil’s report of three incidents involving the use of torture – which had officially been abolished by a firman – and the protests made by both Sheil and Dolgoroukie and the actions taken in each case. The incidents relate to: a ‘barbarous act’ committed by Thamasp Meerza [Ṭahmāsp/Ṭahmāsb Mīrzā], a son of the late Shah and governor of a small district near Tabreez [Tabriz] named Binab, leading to his recall to Tehran; the apparent torture to death of a ‘Mahomedan’ [Muslim] servant of ‘a French adventurer named M. Ferrier’ suspected of robbing the latter’s house; and Sheil’s pecuniary punishment of two Mission staff for the methods they used to elicit confessions from persons suspected of robbing their houses.6) Intelligence from Meshed that Mahomed Akber Khan [Muḥammad Akbar Khān], son of Dost Mahomed Khan [Dūst Muḥammad Khān Bārakzāy, Amīr of Afghanistan], has laid siege to Candahar [Kandahar] and applied for aid from Yar Mahomed Khan [Yār Muḥammad Khān, ruler of Herat] (apparently because of the refusal of Kohendil Khan [Kuhandil Khān Muḥammadzā’ī, of Candahar] to join him in an attack on the English garrison at Shikarpore [Shikarpur]), and that their agents have arrived in Tehran apparently to seek Persian support against a supposed British invasion of Afghanistan.7) Following instructions from Palmerston, Sheil’s approach to the Government of Herat to ascertain its views on a closer relationship with England, including: a copy of a non-committal letter from Yar Mahomed Khan to Sheil (ff 500-501); a copy of Sheil’s letter to Yar Mahomed offering to send a member of the British Mission to Herat (ff 501-502); and Sheil’s report that the agent of Yar Mahomed claims the latter would not be averse to having an Englishman there, but that the anti-English feeling in Afghanistan currently makes this impossible.8) Sheil’s correspondence with Hajee Meerza Aghassee (ff 494-498) relating to his unsuccessful attempts to persuade the Persian ministers to agree to the suppression of the trade in enslaved persons in the Persian ports of the Persian Gulf, including the Shah’s refusal to commit to ‘a breach of the precepts of the Koran’ (f 494), and Aghassee’s claim that he himself supports abolition.9) Reports that five battalions (3000 men) have arrived in Tehran to form part of the force for the intended expedition to Khorassan [Khorasan], including: the planned objectives of the expedition in Asterabad [Gorgan], Boojnoord [Bojnord] and Kelat [Kalat]; and uncertainty regarding its command and the attendance of the Shah.10) A letter to Sheil from Meerza Kazim [Mīrzā Kāẓim], Agent of Hajee Meerza Aghassee at Meshed, regarding his investigations in Khorassan, Orgenjee [Urgench?], Bokhara, Herat, and Candahar, into the fate of the Englishman Mr Wyburd, ‘who gave himself the appellation and was known under the name of Hajee Ahmed’. Meerza Kazim encloses a letter from a merchant friend of his in Bokhara relating that ‘Hajee Ahmed’ arrived in Bokhara posing as an ‘Ottoman Turk’, stayed at the Court of the Ameer of Bokhara until the latter gave him to Naib Abdoos Semed Khan [Nā’ib ‘Abd al-Ṣamad Khān], and that at that man’s house he later hanged himself.Physical description: 1 item (23 folios)
15. Affairs in Persia
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay Secret Department to the Secret Committee, Number 39 of 1846, dated 15 April 1846. The enclosures are dated and contain correspondence relating to affairs in Qajar [Qājār] Persia [Iran]. Contents relate to: the deprivation of property and imprisonment of a Frenchman in Afghanistan and his enforced return to Persia, due to questions over his nationality; the reception of Prince Dolgorouki [Dimitri Ivanovich Dolgorukov] at the Court of Persia, relieving Count Alexander von Médem from his post as the Russian Minister; the appointment of a former Professor of Oriental Studies at the College Heileybury [East India Company College, Haileybury] as tutor for English to the Prince Royal; a proposal for a joint Russian-Toorkoman [Turkman] attack on the Khanate of Khiva; and Persian intelligence regarding Russian infrastructure on the Island of Ashoor Ada [Ashuradih]. This item commences with an abstract of contents (folio 474). Correspondence from Her Majesty’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia addressed to Her Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.Physical description: 1 item (27 folios)
16. Coll 30/78 'Bahrein Nationality Law. Bahrein Property Law: Registration of certain foreigners in Bahrein by the Agency. Ownership of property by foreigners in Bahrein (King's Reg. No. 1 of 1937).'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the drafting and publication of nationality and property laws for Bahrein [Bahrain].The relevant Order in Council and King's Regulations (copies of which are included) are as follows:The Bahrein (Amendment) Order in Council, 1937The Bahrein Law regarding Ownership of Immovable Property in Bahrein by Foreigners Regulation, 1937The Bahrein Property Law (Amending) Regulation, 1938Registration of Transfer of Immovable Property in Bahrein (Regulation 3 of 1947)The correspondence is mainly from the Foreign Office, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and the Political Agent, Bahrain.The papers include correspondence concerning the Government of Iran's response to the new laws, in view of Iran's claim to sovereignty over Bahrain (folios 147-160); and a proposal by the Government of Bahrain to restrict the acquisition of land property in Bahrain by Iraqis and Saudi Arabians, in view of the fact that a great proportion of the most valuable land, especially in Manama, was owned by foreigners (folios 39-52).The French language content of the file consists of six folios of diplomatic correspondence from the Government of Iran; the Arabic language content of the file consists of notices (with English translations) issued by the Government of Bahrain.The file also contains copies of earlier correspondence dated 1902-09, and 1927. There are no papers in the file dated 1941-46.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 447; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-446; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
17. PZ 6723/33 Nationality Status of People from Protected Areas of North-West Frontier Province
- Description:
- Abstract: Thefile contains correspondence regarding the nationality status of people born insemi-autonomous princely states in the North-West Frontier Province, India. Theprimary correspondents are: High Commission for India; India Office; Governmentof the North-West Frontier Province.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 6, and terminates at f 15, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
18. Taxation of British Subjects in Muscat, and their Employees, by the Muscat Government
- Description:
- Abstract: Letter and Enclosures to HM Secretary of State for India, dated 20 December 1871.The issue of the taxation by the Muscat Government of British subjects and their employees at Muscat arose following complaints by certain British subjects. Although not specifically provided for by treaty, exemption from taxation had been allowed in practice to British subjects for many years. The papers examine the issues raised.The Enclosures include correspondence from Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; correspondence from Major Alfred Cotton Way, Acting Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; and the orders of the Viceroy and Governor-General in Council.The Enclosures are dated 30 September - 11 December 1871.Physical description: 1 item (5 folios)
19. Coll 30/104(1) 'Koweit Oil Concession: Personnel of the Koweit Oil Company.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns enquiries into the nationalities of the personnel employed by the Kuwait Oil Company in Kuwait (also referred to as Koweit). The British Government was keen to enforce Article 3 of the Political Agreement dated 5 March 1934 between HM Government and the Company, which stated that the employees of the Company should at all times, so far as was consistent with the efficient carrying on of the undertaking, be British subjects or subjects of the Shaikh of Kuwait. The employment of other nationalities therefore required approval from the British authorities. The papers show that the British were particularly keen to avoid the presence in Kuwait of a large number of American personnel.The papers include quarterly lists of Kuwait Oil Company staff for the period 1935-47 at grades A, B, and C, giving name, designation, nationality, and date of commencement of service; minutes of meetings at the India Office; and correspondence between the company and British officials concerning the employment of individuals (e.g. for geological survey work).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of four physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of part one (ff 1-164), through part two (ff 165-332), part three (ff 333-499) and terminates at the inside back cover of part four (ff 500-663); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-662; these numbers are printed
20. Coll 20/20 'Muscat: National status of subjects of the Sultan of Muscat'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence connected to the application by an Omani national resident in England for a Seaman's Certificate of Identity. The correspondence deals with the question of whether subjects of the Muscat State should be granted British Protected Persons status. The principal correspondents are officials at the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, India Office, Colonial Office, Home Office, Foreign Office, and the High Commissioner for India.Also contained in the file is a detailed examination of the question following the independence of India and Pakistan, dated 1948 (folios 3-7).Physical description: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 27; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
21. Coll 28/83 ‘Persia; Persian Nationality Law. Position of British subjects & British protected persons resident in Charbar.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers concerning the status of Indians (as British subjects, also referred to in the file as ‘khojas’) living in Charbar [Chābahār], Persia [Iran], who have had Persian nationality imposed upon them by a nationality law ratified by the Persian Government. The file covers: discussion among British officials over the status of British subjects in Charbar; the efforts of Indians in Charbar to renounce their Persian nationality; a visit by HM Consul at Kerman, Captain Cecil Henning Lincoln, to Charbar, to assist the town’s Indian community with the difficulties experienced at the hands of the Persian authorities; the arrest at and deportation from Charbar of the Bandar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] Vice Consulate’s interpreter (also referred to in the file as a munshi) by the Persian authorities; in 1937, the departure from Charbar of 282 members of the Indian community, to Muscat and Gwadur [Gwādar].The file’s principal correspondent is HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 144; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
22. Coll 1/29 'Aden Protectorate: legal status of subjects of the Hadhramaut; reports on Hadramis in Mecca, 1936, by the British Legation, Jeddah'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence between the India Office, the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the Political Department of the Government of India, and the High Commissioner in Cairo, regarding the legal status of Hadramaut [Hadramawt] subjects; plus minutes regarding Saudi influence in the Hadramaut.The papers dated 1924 concern the possible inclusion of the Aden Protectorate in legislation allowing residence in a Protectorate or Mandated Territory to qualify for an Imperial Certificate of Naturalisation, and includes a copy of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act, 1914, and draft additions (folios 59-66).The papers dated 1931 concern the legal status of Hadramaut subjects with regards to the jurisdiction of the Consular Courts in Egypt, a question raised in response to an enquiry made by R B Yeates, a barrister in Cairo. Yeates enquires as to whether subjects of the Hadramaut enjoyed capitulatory rights in Egyptian courts. The correspondence consists of a detailed legal discussion of the various definitions of 'British Protected Persons'. In the end it is communicated to Yeates that a decision regarding the jurisdiction of Consular Courts in Egypt over Hadramaut subjects will be provided by the Secretary of State, but only in the event that such a question is addressed to him through one of the courts.The papers dated 1936 (folios 2-8) consist of minutes made by Khan Bahadur Ihsanullah, Indian Vice-Consul at Jedda. The first minute concerns meetings in Mecca with a Hadramaut subject named Seyyid, and a separate meeting with Shaikh Ali Abdullah Ba Dagaub. They discussed attempts by Osman al Amoudi, leader of the Irshadiya movement in Java, to open schools in the Hadramaut. Al Amoudi is said to have the backing of the Saudi Government. Shaikh Ali also discussed Saudi relations with tribes in the Hadramaut. The second minute documents a meeting with Shaikh Osman el Amudi and Shaikh Ali Badgaish, where they discussed the Qaity dynasty, Saudi intentions towards Hadramaut territories, and dissatisfaction with British involvement in the Hadramaut.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 68; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
23. Coll 6/38 'Saudi-Arabia: Position and National Status of British subjects and protected persons.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file, which largely consists of copies of Foreign Office and Colonial Office correspondence, relates to the position and national status of British subjects and protected persons residing in the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). The correspondence includes discussion of the following:The treatment of foreign chauffeurs employed by the Hejazi Government.Details of a proposed census of all male inhabitants of Hejazi towns, and the possible implications for foreign residents.Reports that the authorities in Mecca are demanding that foreign residents produce documentary proof of their foreign nationality within fifteen days, with the alternatives being either to adopt Saudi nationality or to leave the country within three months.The status in Saudi Arabia of natives of the Hadramaut.Reports of British protected persons of African origin being pressured to leave the country within a period of ten days (or in certain cases, to enter military service).Reports that British Indian chauffeurs and mechanics working in Saudi Arabia have been informed that they cannot continue working in their occupations unless they adopt Saudi nationality, on the grounds that cars which are engaged for military purposes cannot be driven or maintained by foreigners.The file features the following correspondents: His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires to Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill, succeeded by Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the Minister of Foreign Affairs for Saudi Arabia (Fayṣal bin ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd); officials of the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence (folio 2).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 87; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-86; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
24. Coll 6/73 'The Yemen: Yemeni Nationality Law.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file concerns Yemeni nationality law. It consists of a copy of a translation of an extract from a letter dated 8 August 1935, from the Imam of Yemen [Yaḥyā Muḥammad Ḥamīd al-Dīn] to the Acting Resident at Aden. This extract, which was then sent by the Acting Resident to His Majesty's Minister at Addis Ababa, and was forwarded by the Minister to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs before being sent to the India Office, states that those persons originally belonging to Yemen are considered to have Yemeni nationality, whether they are residing in the kingdom or not.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 6; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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