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1. 'The Assyrian and Armenian refugees in Mesopotamia. Memorandum by the Secretary of State for India'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file opens with a memorandum by Edwin Samuel Montagu (Secretary of State for India) dated 4 November 1920 regarding the current situation of Assyrian and Armenian refugees in Mesopotamia, paying particular attention to the difficulties that they have faced in seeking repatriation. This memorandum seeks to provide an update to a previous memorandum of the same title which was issued by Montagu on 5 July 1920 (IOR/L/PS/18/B345). The memorandum is followed by an appendix in the form of a letter from the India Office to the Foreign Office on 2 November 1920 and its enclosure, 'note on the Christian communities in and around Mesopotamia'. The letter details the French and British spheres of influence in Mesopotamia and explains how the refugee crisis should be handled. The note details the different types of Christian groups in the area, and explains the initial reasons for the emigration of these communities from Urmia. The final folio is a copy of Montagu's initial memorandum dated 5 July 1920.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 151, and terminates at f 153, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
2. 'The Assyrian and Armenian refugees in Mesopotamia. Memorandum by the Secretary of State for India.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a memorandum written by Edwin Samuel Montagu, the Secretary of State for India, describing the situation of Assyrian and Armenian refugees in Mesopotamia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 117, and terminates at f 117, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
3. ‘File 13/4 II General Repatriation Deposits. Correspondence – Re.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains numerous letters to the Political Agent, Bahrain from local employers, requesting the refund of Repatriation Guarantee Money Deposits they had paid in respect of their Indian and Pakistani workers. These monies were refundable, once the Indian and Pakistani staff hired to work in homes and businesses in Bahrain, had returned to India and Pakistan on termination of their employment. A few of the letters are in Arabic.The file also contains numerous Repatriation Deposit Receipts and No Objection Certificates issued by the Political Agency, Bahrain, in favour of allowing hired Indian and Pakistani workers to travel to Bahrain and take up the offers of employment they had received while they were still resident in India and Pakistan.Physical description: Foliation: numbered 1-7, 7A-7B, 8-48, 49-49A, 50-509 in pencil in the top right hand corner. The numbering starts at the front of the file, on the first file enclosure (f.1) and ends on the inside cover at the back of the file (f.509).
4. 'Mesopotamia: Assyrian refugees at Baqubah. Note by Captain G S Reed, dated 1 July 1919'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a document by Captain G S Reed which provides an overview of the history of the Assyrian Christians in Urmia and the circumstances that led to their mass exodus to Baqubah in 1918. Reed also details the difficulties of the repatriation of these refugees back to Urmia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 61, and terminates at f 62, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
5. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 53. PART I. (From 1st to 15th December 1918).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 15 December 1918. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume can be found at folios 1-11. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military Operations dated 8 December 1918 (ff 131-132), 15 December 1918 (ff 221-222)Supplies, particularly of sheep, milk, and engineer storesMovement of ships and loads transportedThe future administration and borders of MesopotamiaThe demobilisation of Turkish [Ottoman] forcesThe future requirements for railways and water transportThe situation on the Trans-Caspian Front, in Afghanistan, and at MosulRepatriation of non-Turkish prisoners of warChange in censorship of telegramsSelection of an Emir for IraqPrisoners of war labour corpsFinancial control of MesopotamiaDiscussion about the future independence of Kurdistan under British protection and reports on interviews with Kurdish leadersThe future administration of Arab ProvincesRepresentation of Persia [Iran] at the Peace CongressArmenian refugeesCossack fighting against the Bolshevics [Bolsheviks]Capture of the Caucasus Military Agency mission by the BolshevicsUnfounded rumours of British activity south of Merv [Mary]Harvesting machineryConcerns about the ships entering Alexandra Docks, Bombay [Mumbai], while carrying defective explosivesProvision of propaganda materialA report on the Russian petroleum industry (dated 17 October 1918) by D Ghambasshidze, of the Russo-British Chamber of Commerce in London (ff 38-43)An article on salvage work in Mesopotamia (ff 78-81).The following tables appear:Weekly return of the sick and wounded on 26 October 1918 (ff 20-21), 9 November 1918 (ff 214-215)Ration strength of Force D on 2 November 1918 (ff 24-27), 9 November 1918 (ff 93-96), 19 October 1918 (ff 166-172)State of supplies on 26 November 1918 (ff 54-55), 7 December 1918 (ff 192-193)Strength returns of Force D on 2 November 1918 (ff 58-60), 19 October 1918 (ff 115-128), 9 November 1918 (ff 180-182)Distribution of Force D on 26 October 1918 (ff 83-93), 23 November 1918 (ff 183-192)Strength return of troops in India including those held as reinforcements for Force D (f 161)Employment of Labour and Porter corps (ff 202-204).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 222; these numbers are printed, and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
6. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 53. Part II. (From 16th to 31st December 1918).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 December 1918. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume can be found at IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3313. The volume concerns:An appreciation [report] and intelligence summary from the Directorate of Military Operations dated 22 December 1918 (ff 145-146)The demobilisation of Turkish [Ottoman] forcesRepatriation of prisoners of warA request by a Tartar leader to submit a request to the Peace Conference that Azerbaijan might be placed under British protectionAn application by the leader of the Assyrian Community at Bakuba [Baqubah] to send a representative to the Peace ConferenceThe progress of demobilisation in the 6th Turkish [Ottoman] ArmyThe progress of demobilisation and shipment of troops to EnglandDemobilisation of horsesRelease of certain Arab prisoners at Jezirat Ibnomar [Cizre]The future of the Government of IraqPolicy of maintaining Fao [Al-Faw] defencesThe violation of the armistice terms by the Turks as reported by the Ukrainian Consul in Trans-CaucasusProposal for the organization of intelligence in the Caucasus and details of the spheres of influence decided onInformation concerned with alleged brutal treatment of Indian Prisoners of War at the hands of the TurksHanding over Army flour mills to a civil firmThe delimitation of the Iraq Frontier and candidates for the Emirate of IraqRailway progress reportExpenditure at BakuDespatch of officers for Knox’s MissionReports on Malleson’s MissionDetails of fighting between the Armenians and the GeorgiansThe validity of Bicharakov’s mandate to take command of all Russian troops in the CaucasusCivil administration of MesopotamiaEvents in Dair-ez-Zar [Deir ez-Zor] and Abulkamal [Albu Kamal].The following tables appear:Strength returns of Force D on 28 September 1918 (ff 4-28), 12 October 1918 (ff 52-66), 26 October 1918 (ff 79-92), 16 November 1918 (ff 93-95)Ration strength of Force D on 16 November 1918 (ff 29-32, 168-173), 2 November 1918 (ff 45-52), 26 October 1918 (ff 96-102), 30 November 1918 (ff 164-167), 7 December 1918 (ff 204-208)Weekly return of the sick and wounded on 16 November 1918 (ff 72-73).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 218; these numbers are printed, and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
7. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 56. PART I. (From 1st to 15th March 1919).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 15 March 1919. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume can be found at folios 3-7. The volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military Operations dated 3 March 1919 (ff 28-29), 10 March 1919 (f 100)Disposal of prisoners of warThe progress of demobilisation and shipment of troops to EnglandRailway construction and policyRepatriation of Armenian refugeesDisposal of surplus animalsDredging of Muhammareh [Khorramshahr] BarApplications to go on pilgrimage to the holy places of MesopotamiaProvision of river craft for RussiaThe question of the transfer of military administrative services in Mesopotamia to civil authoritiesArrangements for the distribution of surplus storesAssyrian views to be laid before the Peace ConferenceExport of Basrah [Basra] wool to France.The following tables appear:Ration strength of Force D on 18 January 1919 (ff 9-17), 8 February 1919 (ff 54-58), 25 January 1919 (ff 58-66)Weekly return of the sick and wounded on 25 January 1919 (ff 11-12), 1 February 1919 (ff 31-32), 8 February 1919 (ff 126-128), 15 February 1919 (ff 135-137)State of supplies on 24 February 1919 (ff 23-24)Distribution of Force D on 1 February 1919 (ff 34-46), 8 February 1919 (ff 77-89), 15 February 1919 (ff 109-114), 22 February 1919 (ff 137-150)Statement of animal transport on 29 December 1918 (ff 72-76)Return for wastage of horses, mules, and ponies on 29 December 1918 (ff 101-104).Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 158; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-156; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
8. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 56. PART II. (From 16th to 31st March 1919).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 16 and 31 March 1919. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume can be found at IOR/L/MIL/17/5/3319. The volume concerns:Movements and appointments of British officialsThe supply of mulesThe process of demobilisationRetention of British personnel working on Mesopotamia RailwaysShipping of troops in Force D to IndiaAnimals to be used by repatriated refugeesRailway progress reportSupplying a dredger for work at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] BarSupply reservesThe arrests of Wilhelm Wassmuss and Oertel at Kum [Qom].The following tables appear:Weekly return of the sick and wounded on 22 February 1919 (ff 26-27), 1 March 1919 (ff 41-42)Statement of animal transport on 23 February 1919 (ff 35-36)Ration strength of Force D on 22 February 1919 (ff 48-52).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 52; these numbers are printed, and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
9. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 61. (From 1st to 31st August 1919).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 31 August 1919. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, reports, tables, and memoranda.An index to the contents of this volume can be found at folios 3-7. The volume concerns:Movements and appointments of British officialsRestrictions on telegrams and relaxation of photograph censorshipPersonnel requirements in MesopotamiaThe area covered by the Haskell Commission in ArmeniaRepatriation of Turkish medical personnelSupplies of railway construction materialsProposals for the reorganisation of the Indo-European telegraph systemIntentional delay of The Timescorrespondent, Captain William Arthur Moore, in Bombay [Mumbai]Proposal for India to buy camels from MesopotamiaThe situation in central and southern KurdistanProposals regarding the Government of Kurdistan and the British administration in MesopotamiaFinances of MesopotamiaThe Empire Cotton Growing Committee’s support for cotton growing in MesopotamiaCustoms duties in MesopotamiaSupplying armaments for the Sheikh of Mohammerah [Shaikh of Khorramshahr]Responses to allegations of extravagance and wastage in Mesopotamia.The following tables appear:Ration strength of Force D on 12 April 1919 (ff 22-27), 19 April 1919 (ff 43-47), 3 May 1919 (ff 54-58), 10 May 1919 (ff 58-62), 17 May 1919 (ff 125-130)State of supplies on 27 July 1919 (ff 34-35), 31 July 1919 (ff 67-68), 7 August 1919 (f 144), 10 August 1919 (ff 164-165)Return for wastage of animals and statement of animals with Force D on 27 April 1919 (ff 40-42)Statement of animal transport on 27 April 1919 (ff 69-72)Monthly distribution report of motor vehicles on 1 May 1919 (ff 87-104), 1 April 1919 (ff 106-123)Weekly return of the sick and wounded on 5 July 1919 (ff 134-135), 12 July 1919 (ff 158-159), 19 July 1919 (ff 161-162)Distribution of Force D on 1 August 1919 (ff 197-207).Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 209; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-207; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
10. ‘Arab Adventurers – Maintenance and passage to their Native country of certain – Vol: 4’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Philip LeGeyt, Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay; Edward Danvers, Acting Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay; William Charles Andrews, Agent for the Governor of Surat; and P Stewart, Acting Agent for the Governor of Surat. It is the fourth in a series of four items.The item concerns the costs involved in repatriating Arab explorers in the interior of India, via Bombay [Mumbai].The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 700/47, Collection No 14 of No 29’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 430, and terminates at f 447 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
11. ‘File 12/5 II Accidents involving country craft’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence and other papers relating to incidents involving local cargo vessels, frequently referred to as country craft, travelling through the Persian Gulf, usually between ports in Iraq, Iran and India. The incidents referred to include the sinking and running aground of vessels during bad weather (and the subsequent repatriation of crews), the failure of vessels to arrive in ports, and the seizure of cargo. The file’s principal correspondents are the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Political Officer on the Trucial Coast.The most significant incidents referred to in the file (those constituting the most paperwork) are:an incident occurring in December 1945 in which the cargo vessel Parisran aground near the RAF aerodrome at Jīwani near Gwādar, and subsequently had its cargo confiscated. Correspondence covers the incident, statements from the vessel’s nakhuda (Jasim bin Rashid bin Hamadeh) and owner (Haji Ali bin Moosa Al Omran), and the pursuit of a case by the vessel’s owner through the Court of Kalat State (ff 12-37, ff 44-52, f 55, f 58, ff 66-70, ff 76-80);an incident occurring in July 1946 concerning the disappearance of the Samahan, a vessel carrying rice from Karachi to Marmagao, which was believed to have landed in a Persian Gulf port. The correspondence concerns efforts to trace the whereabouts of the vessels, its cargo and tindal (or native officer) (ff 59-61, f 65, ff 72-75, ff 84-93);incidents occurring in 1950 in which Iranian customs officials boarded vessels belonging to the Trucial Coast, and confiscated their cargo. The correspondence chiefly concerns the payment of compensation by the Iranian authorities to claimants from the Trucial Coast, via the British authorities at Tehran and Bahrain (ff 113-142, ff 145-154).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 156; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-83; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
12. ‘File 12/5 Wrecks of sailing boats and vessels in the sea and salvages’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, statements made by nakhudas, bills and receipts, all related to incidents in which native vessels were wrecked or damaged in the Persian Gulf (and chiefly in the waters around Bahrain) usually as a result either of storms or collision with another vessel. The correspondence relates to: reports of the initial incidents; the salvage of cargo; rescue and repatriation of crews; the recovery of costs incurred by salvage and repatriation; insurance claims. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Agent at Bahrain (numerous incumbents); the Director of Customs at Bahrain (Claud Cranbrook Lewis deGrenier); the Residency Agent at Sharjah, who reports on shipwreck and salvage incidents on the Trucial Coast, or involving boats from the Trucial Coast.The file includes details of numerous individual cases. The most significant cases in terms of paperwork involved include:the sinking of the Surabnear Bushire in February 1931, with correspondence relating to: the repatriation of the crew back to Karachi; the Karachi authorities’ demands for repatriation costs to be paid by the Surab’sowner, leading to a dispute between the two parties (ff 8-30);a collision between the British India Steam Navigation Company steamer, the Varsova, and a fishing dhow in the waters between Qatar and Bahrain, with correspondence relating to: the recovery of eighteen crew from the dhow, which sank after the collision; failed attempts by the dhow’s owner, a Qatari subject, to make a claim in Bahrain over the loss; the Ruler of Qatar, Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī’s intervention in the affair (ff 95-124);the foundering of a vessel, the Fatehkarim,off the Jazirat Shaikh Shuib in February 1941, and the repatriation to Karachi of its eight crew, with correspondence including copies of indemnity bonds for the eight crew members, to cover their passage back to Karachi (ff 181-198);in June 1943, attempts to repatriate twelve men from Um al Qaiwain [Umm al-Qaywayn] from Colombo, where their vessel was shipwrecked, with correspondence relating to the costs and difficulties of repatriating the men, presumably a result of wartime restrictions in maritime traffic (ff 219-229);enquiries, from September 1944 onwards, by a Bombay [Mumbai] company, Sopher & Company, who are attempting to make an insurance claim for a vessel lost near Khor Fakkan [Khawr Fakkān], while en route from Bombay to Basrah [Basra], with correspondence including copies of notes of protest, issued by the Government of Iraq (ff 241-261).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 283; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 7-261; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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