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37. ‘Persian Gulf Affairs.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, letters to and from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. It covers a range of topics relating to the Persian Gulf. All of the material in the item dates from 1844-45, except for one letter which is from 1834.The item begins with discussion of the entry into Brymee [Al Buraymi, also referred to in the item as Braimee] and Oman of the forces of Saad bin Mootluk [Sa‘d bin Mutlaq], on behalf of Ameer Fysul [Amir Faysal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Sa‘ud, also referred to in the item as Fysul Alli Suood and Fysul Bin Toorkee] the Wahabee [Wahhabi] leader [Emir of Najd]. This includes:The submission of the local authorities in Brymee to Saad bin Mootluk, and the presentation of gifts to him by several rulers from the Arabian coast of the GulfThe demands of Saad bin Mootluk for tribute from Syud Hamood bin Uzan [Sayyid Hammud bin ‘Azzan al-Bu Sa‘idi] and Syed Soowenee [Sayyid Thuwayni bin Sa‘id Al Bu Sa‘id, also referred to in the item as Syed Sooweynee and Syed Thooenee], the Acting Governor of Muscat [Acting Imam of Muscat], and the response of the latter, including a request to Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, for adviceCorrespondence between Hennell, the Government of Bombay and the Government of India regarding the implications of the above events for British interests in the Gulf, and what their response should be.Also covered in the item is the following:The wreck of two ships off Ejman [Ajman], and the actions of Shaik Abdool Azeez bin Rashid [Shaikh ‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin Rashid al-Nu‘aymi], the Chief of Ejman [Ruler of Ajman] in recovering the ships and cargoes and restoring them to their ownersThe question of how to deal with an attack on a ship from Karrack [Jazireh-ye Khark] carried out by Humud bin Mujudel [Hamad bin Majdal], the Chief of the Amaeer [‘Amayir] tribe, who is said to be under the protection of Shaik Mahomed bin Khaleifa [Shaikh Muhammad bin Khalifah Al Khalifah], the Ruler of Bahrein [Bahrain]The seizure by Shaik Faris [Shaikh Faris bin Ghayth], the Chief of the Chaab [Banu Ka‘ab], of a ship from Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], and the mission of Lieutenant Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Assistant Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Mohumrah [Khorramshahr] to try to persuade Shaik Faris to restore the ship and its cargoThe negotiations for the establishment of an alliance between Shaik Sultan bin Suggar [Shaikh Sultan I bin Saqr al-Qasimi] of Rasel Khymah [Ruler of Ra’s al-Khaymah and Sharjah], and Shaik Khuleefa bin Shackboot [Shaikh Khalifa bin Shakhbut al-Nahyan] of Aboothabee [Ruler of Abu Dhabi]The activities of Shaik Abdoollah bin Ahmed [Shaikh ‘Abdullah bin Ahmad Al Khalifah], the former Ruler of Bahrein, who has received asylum from the Chief of Nabend [Damagheh-ye Nay Band] and is carrying out attacks on ships from BahreinThe appointment of Housseni Khan [Mirza Muhammad Husayn Khan Muqaddam Maragha'i] as Governor [Wali] of Fars, and the reinstatement of Shaik Nasir [Nasr III Al Mazkur] as Governor of Bushire [Bushehr]The arrangements made for the three men accused of the murder of Beebee Aseelah [Bibi Asilu], widow of Meerza Juwad [Mirza Javad Shirazi], the former Native Agent at Shiraz. Two of the accused are to be taken to Tehran, while the third, the victim’s brother, identified as Sultan, son of Hajie Jassem [Haji Jassim], has made a confession (included in the item) and is to remain behindA dispute regarding a possible increase in the duty to be charged on the export of horses from Bushire by British merchants, including a petition from the Bushire merchants, and correspondence from Hajee Mirza Aghasee [Haji Mirza ‘Abbas Aghasi], Prime Minister [Sadr-i A’zam] of Persia [Iran] and Mirza Hadayut Allah [Mirza Hidayat Allah], Moostowfaa [Mustawfi] of the Governor of FarsThe sanctioning of the payment required for a grant in perpetuity of the ground occupied as an English burial place at KarrackThe need for a new coating of mud on all the roofs of the Residency buildings at Bushire, and an estimate of the expenses this will incur.As well as those already mentioned, the main correspondents are: Moollah Houssin [Mullah Husayn], Native Agent at Shargah [Sharjah]; Heskeal Bin Yusoof [Hizqial bin Yusuf], Acting Native Agent at Muscat; and Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, Her Majesty’s Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary at the Court of Persia.The item contains a table of contents (ff 593-598), and the title page (f 592) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 49501, D/t 7557, Collection No. 1 of No. 44’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’. The item was originally divided into two parts, and the title page of the second part (f 694) contains the following reference: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 49501, Vol. 2, Collection No. 1 of No. 54’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 592 and terminates at f 700, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.
38. ‘Aden. Complaints of British Merchants at Judda.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Lieutenant Adams, commanding the East India Company sloop of war Constance; Alexander Ogilvie, British Vice-Consul at Judda [Jeddah]; Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden; and Khawaja Thoma Mercalachi [Khawājā Tūmā Mekalakki], a British Indian merchant at Judda.The item concerns complaints by merchants at Judda, who are British subjects, that they are being treated unjustly in the absence of the British Vice-Consul at Judda, and the investigation of Adams into these incidents, which include:Requests for excessive customs duty, contrary to treatiesRequests for additional feesThreats of violence against merchantsTheft of items from customs housesRefusal to allow the merchants to unload rum or ganja.Adams also complains of a salute from a British ship not being returned by the shore battery at Judda.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft no 334 of 1850’, and ‘Coll[ection] 5’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 423, and terminates at f 455 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
39. ‘Vol: 1 - Relative to the disgraceful treatment experienced by Lieut Dominicetti of the Marine from the Dola of Mocha and others, and to the plunder of the Company’s Factory at that place in 1817 – also Proceedings of the Expedition which was in consequence dispatched against the Town of Mocha.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. It is the first in a series of two items on Lieutenant Dominicetti and Mocha (the other is IOR/F/4/690/18909). The principal correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Lieutenant Bartholomew Dominicetti, commander of the Prince of Wales; Henry Meriton, Superintendent of the Bombay Marine; Muhammed Ali Khan, owner of the Derria Beggy.The item concerns:The death of Ramsay, the British Resident at Mocha on 16 July 1817The ill-treatment of Dominicetti and other British subjects resident at the Factory by the Dola of Mocha, [Amir Fatih Muhammad]The plunder of the British FactoryExtortion of money by the Dola of Mocha from British ships and the Honourable Company’s BrokerThe refusal of the Imaum of Senna [Mahdi ‘Abdullāh al-Qāsimī, Imam of Yemen] to give up deserters from Company ships who had converted to IslamA discussion of whether Dominicetti’s actions concerning the Derria Beggywere justified, and a consideration of her ownershipA discussion of the measures the British were prepared to take in response to the aboveThe British decision to blockade Yemen, and then bombard Mocha, if the Imaum’s response to their demands was unsatisfactory.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 38, P.C. [Previous Communication] 61, [Season 18]23/24’ and ‘Examin[er’s Office] Nove[mber]’.Physical description: The documents are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front of the item to the rear.
40. ‘Muscat – Levy of 5 per cent duties by High Highness the Imaum of – Vol: 15’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of one letter cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondent is Major Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the fifteenth in a series of twenty items on the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2180/106055, IOR/F/4/2180/106056, IOR/F/4/2180/106057, IOR/F/4/2180/106058, IOR/F/4/2180/106059, IOR/F/4/2180/106060, IOR/F/4/2181/106061, IOR/F/4/2181/106062, IOR/F/4/2181/106063, IOR/F/4/2181/106064, IOR/F/4/2181/106065, IOR/F/4/2181/106066, IOR/F/4/2181/106067, IOR/F/4/2181/106068, IOR/F/4/2181/106070, IOR/F/4/2181/106071, IOR/F/4/2181/106072, IOR/F/4/2181/106073, and IOR/F/4/2181/106074).The item concerns the introduction of a five percent levy on goods transhipped at ports belonging to the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd], except for any vessel which has put into port due to poor weather and where the goods were reshipped after the vessel was refitted.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 282/47, P.C. [Previous Communication] 5573, Coll[ection]: 10, Collection No 11 of No 11’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 91, and terminates at f 93, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
41. ‘Muskat. His Highness the Imaum of makes certain regulations in regard to vessels putting into his Ports’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of a Political Letter sent between the Government of Bombay and the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 14 January 1847.The item relates to attempts by the Company to get the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat [also rendered in text as Muskat] to agree to a similar arrangement that they have with the Guicowar [Gaekwad] in Kattiwar [Kathiawar, also rendered in text as Kattywar and Katteewar] and the Rao of Cutch [Kachchh]. The arrangement relates to the duties levied on vessels which are forced to dock at ports due to bad weather or needing repairs.Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and Company Agent in the Dominions of His Highness the Imaum of Muscat, reports on the Imaum's current attitude to such cases and the arrangement currently existing between the Imaum and the Government of the United States of North America. Copies of Hamerton’s letters are ordered to be sent out to numerous offices within the Government of Bombay.The item also includes correspondence from Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, on whether an article in the current treaty existing between the British Government and the Imaum is applicable in the cases noted above.As well as the above, the item’s correspondents also include the Court of Directors.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5595, Draft 346/47’, ‘Collection No. 36 of No. 2’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 235, and terminates at f 252, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
42. ‘Muscat. Custom duties.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2174/105546. It is the twenty-first in a series of forty-five items on the Persian Gulf. The main correspondents are the Government of Bombay and Major Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns the question of whether the authorities at Muscat are entitled to claim payment of half duty on the cargo brought by a British vessel but transhipped there for another port, and also whether they can demand customs on goods landed at Muscat by two ships which, though bound for another port, have put into Muscat as a result of unfavourable weather conditions.The item contains a table of contents (ff 453-454), and the title page (f 452) contains the following references: ‘P C [Previous Communication] 5507, Coll. 7, Vol. 21’, ‘D/t 197/47’, ‘Collection No. 9 of No. 53’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 452 and terminates at f 463, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
43. ‘Muskat. Relative to the duty levied on the Cargo of a boat put into the Port of- from stress of weather-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, an extract of a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 16 September 1850.The item relates to the Imaum [Imām] of Muscat's agreement to arrange for the repayment of duties which had been incorrectly charged, at Muscat, to a ship bound for Aden. The ship had been forced to dock temporarily at Muscat due to bad weather. The Imaum's decision is reported by Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and the Company's Agent at Muscat, to the Government of Bombay. This information is forwarded to Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, who had originally raised the issue.Hamerton is also referred to as HM Consul and the Company's Agent in the Dominions of His Highness the Imaum of Muscat. Muscat is also rendered as Muskat in the text.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 931 of 1850', 'Collection No 11 of No 76', and 'Examiner's Office'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 804, and terminates at f 808, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
44. ‘Muscat. Complaint of His Highness the Imaum, of the annoyance occasioned to his people at the Indian Custom Houses’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts from a Bombay [Mumbai] Political Consultation, 2 July 1845. The papers contained in this item are partial enclosures to a Political Letter sent from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 14 July 1845. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2122/100076, alongside details of further enclosures.The item relates to the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat’s complaint that his merchants are being unfairly treated at numerous Customs Houses in India and that, in particular, ‘Arab merchants’ are affected by this perceived mistreatment. Following confirmation from the Collector of Customs at Bombay that the Imaum’s vessels are charged the same as ‘British bottoms’ [goods carried on British ships], the matter is referred to the Government of Madras (also called Government of Fort St George [Chennai]) since an example given by the Imaum of this mistreatment mentions the Malabar Coast. The Government of Madras is reminded that the 1839 commercial treaty concluded between the Imaum and Her Britannic Majesty the Queen states that the Imaum’s vessels are to be charged the same amount of customs duty as British bottoms.The correspondents are: Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and the Company’s Agent in the Dominions of the Imaum of Muscat; H W Glass, Collector of Customs, Bombay; and the Government of Bombay.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5061, Draft 29/46, Coll[ection]: 23, Vol: 13’, ‘Collection No. 1 of No. 76’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 513, and terminates at f 518, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
45. ‘Muscat. Extortion of the Farmer of Customs at-’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts from a Bombay [Mumbai] Political Consultation, 9 June 1845. The papers contained in this item are partial enclosures to a Political Letter sent from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 10 June 1845. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2122/100076, alongside details of further enclosures.The item relates to a letter written by Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and the Company's Agent in the Dominions of the Imam of Muscat, reporting on a conversation he had with the Imam on the subject of the extra payment of duty enforced by the Farmer of Customs at Muscat on goods on board the British vessel, the Columbia. The consequences of this conversation are also included in the item.The correspondents are: Hamerton; the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; and the Government of Bombay.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5061, Draft 29/46, Coll[ection]: 23, Vol: 9’, 'Collection No. 8 of No. 62' and ‘Examiner's Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 498, and terminates at f 503, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
46. ‘Muscat. Customs levied at Kurrachee on Vessels from the Imaum’s Dominion.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, extracts from a Bombay [Mumbai] Political Consultation, 4 June 1845. The papers contained in this item are partial enclosures to a Political Letter sent from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 10 June 1845. A copy of this Political Letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2122/100076, alongside details of further enclosures.The item contains a letter, dated 3 April 1845, written by Captain Atkins Hamerton, HM Consul and the Company’s Agent in the Dominions of the Imam of Muskat [Muscat], to the Government of Bombay. He confirms that, as per his instructions, he has passed on the message to the Imam that, at the port of Curachee [Karachi] since February 1843, duty is now charged at the same rate on vessels from the Imam's territories as it is on ‘British Bottoms’ [goods carried on British ships].The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5061, Draft 29/46, Coll[ection]: 23, Vol: 11’, ‘Collection No. 10 of No. 62’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 507, and terminates at f 509, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
47. 'Précis on commerce and communication in the Persian Gulf, 1801-1905'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is a précis on trade and communications in the Persian Gulf. It was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha and published by the Government of India, Foreign Department, Simla in 1906.The volume begins with a preface by Saldanha, written on 26 March 1906, and is then organised into five parts, each divided into chapters, and eight appendices at the end, as follows:Part I, Regulations and Duties, 1803-1847: Chapter I, Line of conduct to be pursued by the Resident at Basrah with regard to the American vessels trading in the Persian Gulf, 1803; Chapter II, Regulations for country ships visiting Bushire, 1813; Chapter III, Rules for the guidance of British vessels visiting the Persian Gulf, 1831; Chapter IV, Export and import duties in Persia and export of mules and horses from Persia, 1822-23, 1835-42; Chapter V, Question of exempting Arab ships from the discriminating duty imposed on foreign ships, 1836-37; Chapter VI, Ports of Arabia to which the Government of India notification dated 9 January 1839 should apply. Vessels of every description belonging to those ports to be to be provided with Registers or Passes countersigned by British Officers, 1839-47; Chapter VII, Mode and extent of taxation in operation at Bushire and surrounding districts, 1847.Part II, Trade and Traffic, 1834-71: Chapter VIII, Report in the trade of the Persian Gulf, 1834; Chapter IX, Traffic between Karachi and Bushire and other Persian Ports, 1854-58; Chapter X, Trade between Bombay and Bushire and Basrah [Basra], 1856-57; Chapter XI, Trade of the Persian Gulf, 1863-1869; Chapter XII, Colonel Pelly's reports on the trade of the Persian Gulf, 1870-71; Chapter XIII, List of British subjects and British protected persons on the Persian Court and islands, 1869.Part III, Review of the Trade reports from 1872 to 1905: Chapter XIV, Trade of the Gulf of Oman and Persia, 1873-1905; Chapter XV, Persian Opium Trade.Part IV, The Gulf Telegraph Line: Chapter XVI, Construction of the Telegraph Line; Chapter XVII, Telegraph Station at Fao; Chapter XVIII, Telegraph Station at Bushire; Chapter XIX, Medical arrangements for telegraph stations at Bushire, Fao and Jask.Part V, Miscellaneous: Chapter XX, Wreck of the SS Hallamshirenear Ras-el-Hadd and the measures proposed for the prevention of wreckage by the wild tribes on the Arabian Coasts, 1878; Chapter XXI, New system of registration of native owned vessels in the Gulfs of Persia and Oman, 1883-84.Appendices: Appendix A, Statement of the exports and imports of Bushire, 1832-34; Appendix B, Statements of Trade between Bushire and Basrah and Bombay, 1857; Appendix C, Comparative statements of exports of Bushire, 1863-65; Appendix D, Trade Returns appended to Colonel Pelly's letter No. 86-37, dated 23 April 1870; Appendix E, Returns of British subjects and British Protected persons on the Persian coast and Islands, 1869; Appendix F, Comparative Statements of Persian Gulf Trade with the Principal Countries, 1873-1905; Appendix G, Contrasted Statements of Principal Exports and Imports from and to the Ports in the Persian Gulf namely Bushire, Lingah, Bunder Abbas [Bandar Abbas], Bahrein [Bahrain], Basrah, and Maskat [Muscat] from 1893 to 1904; Appendix H, Returns of Shipping of the Ports of Bushire, Maskat and Basrah.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
48. ‘File 12/7 I Shipping. Arrival of Sailing Crafts at Qatar and other places with Cargo.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises correspondence relating to the shipment and transhipment of cargo on local vessels (frequently referred to as country craft) from Karachi to Qatar (spelt in various ways, including Kattar, Gutter, Quatar) and, to a lesser extent, other ports on the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf, including Bahrain, Jubail [Al Jubayl], Katiff [Al Qaṭīf], Ra’s al-Khaymah, and Dubai. The file’s principal correspondents are: the Collector (and Assistant Collector) of Customs at Karachi; the Political Agent at Bahrain (Captain Charles Geoffrey Prior, Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch, and staff from the Agency’s Vernacular Office); the Director of Customs at Bahrain (Claud Cranbrook Lewis DeGrenier); the Ruler of Qatar (Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī).Much of the correspondence is routine, and follows an established pattern: 1) enquiries from the Assistant Collector of Customs to the Political Agency at Bahrain after specific vessels, listing the contents of their cargo and requesting confirmation of their arrival at port and the landing of their cargo; 2) letters from Political Agency staff, in English and in Arabic, forwarding enquiries about inbound vessels to the Director of Customs at Bahrain (for vessels headed to Bahrain), the Ruler of Qatar (for vessels headed to Qatar) or the Residency Agent at Sharjah (for vessels headed to the ports of the Trucial Coast); 3) replies from the Director of Customs at Bahrain, the Ruler of Qatar, and the Residency Agent at Sharjah, either confirming the arrival of vessels and the landing of their cargo, or writing that the vessel has not yet arrived in port; and 4) letters from the Political Agency back to the Collector of Customs at Karachi, replying to the original enquiry, occasionally making reference to enclosing landing certificates, which are accepted as proof of the landing of the cargo. Some letters from the Assistant Collector of Customs at Karachi to the Political Agent at Bahrain, dated 1936 and later, make reference to enclosed export manifests, and enquiries about the authenticity of their endorsements.In addition to the routine correspondence, the file also includes:correspondence between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Director of Customs at Bahrain, concerning the shipment of goods to Bahrain via Qatar as transhipment cargo (ff 12-15);correspondence between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Secretary of the Calcutta Marine Insurance Association, relating to loss of vessels at Persian Gulf ports, and regulations at Dubai for registration of vessels (f 28, ff 30-31, ff 46-50).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 298; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-273; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.