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1. ‘File 22/29 PRESENTATION OF DATE GARDENS TO SHAIKH OF DUBAI BY SHAIKH OF RAS AL KHAIMAH’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, mainly between Lieutenant-Colonel Arnold Crawshaw Galloway, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Bahrain and Gordon Noel Jackson, the Assistant Political Agent, Bahrain about the gift of date gardens in his territory by Shaikh Sultan bin Salim [Al Qasimi, Shaikh Sultan bin Salim] the Ruler of Ras al Khaimah [Ra's al-Khaymah], to Shaikh Saud bin Maktum [Shaikh Said II ibn Maktum] the Ruler of Dubai and members of his family. The main file enclosures are:list of date gardens in Ras al Khaimah owned by the Ruler of Dubai and other members of his family, principally Shaikh Rashid bin Said bin Maktum, and compiled by the Residency Agent, Sharjah, August 1947 (folio 5);exchange of letters between the Political Resident and the Political Agent, Bahrain discussing the political implications of the transfers of land by the Ruler of Ras al Khaimah to the Ruler of Dubai, July-August 1947 (folios 2, 6);exchange of letters in Arabic, together with English translations, between the Political Agent, Bahrain and the Ruler of Ras al Khaimah, about the advisability of reserving oil and mineral rights and registering transfers of land ownership at the Residency Agency, Sharjah, September 1947 (folio 8).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence starts on the front cover (f 1) and ends on the inside back cover (f 10). The folio numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
2. 'File 53/11 XVI (D 141) Kuwait Date Gardens'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding date gardens in southern Iraq owned by the rulers of Kuwait and Mohammerah. In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's decision to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted by the British Government to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz‘al bin Jābir al-Ka‘bī in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in World War 1.The file contains detailed discussion of a case in the court of Basra brought against Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, the ruler of Kuwait, by Abdulla Al Zuhair/Az-Zuhair [‘Abdullāh al-Zuhayr] and contains copies of various court documents from both the defence and the prosecution.The file also contains reports regarding the cutting down of trees on Shaikh Aḥmad's estates in Fao (in order to widen roads) by order of the Basra port authorities and on folios 154-157 it contains four photographs of the affected area.The file also contains the minutes of a meeting held at the Foreign Office that was attended by representatives of the Treasury, the Treasury Solicitor's Office, the India Office and the Foreign Office (in August 1938) and copy of the Iraqi Land Settlement Law No. 29 of 1938 (taken from the Iraqi Government Gazette No. 21, 22 May, 1938).Physical description: Condition: A bound correspondence volume of which the front cover and some pages have come unbound and are now loose.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil with a minority in ink, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Folios 131-135 are omitted. The file contains the following foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E; 23 and 23A; 125 and 125A; 183 and 183A.
3. 'Correspondence re Title-Deeds of Agency Land'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly, British Political Agent at Bahrain, and Captain B Stuart Horner, Secretary to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire. The correspondence concerns the exchange of land between the British Agency and the Bahrain Government, and the possible necessity to amend title-deeds.Physical description: Foliation: Circled in pencil, in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the front cover, on number 1, and runs through to 5, ending on the inside of the back cover.
4. 'File 2/5 V SHAIKH’S DATE GARDENS.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the date gardens owned by the Shaikh of Kuwait, Ahmad Al-Jabir Al-Sabah, in southern Iraq. The correspondence concerns the Iraqi Ministry of Justice’s refusal to recognise the Power of Attorney presented to them by the Shaikh of Kuwait’s lawyer in Basra, Jacob Gabriel. It also concerns the following: the Shaikh of Kuwait's ownership of the gardens, the Tapu papers (land deeds) which prove his rights to the date gardens, smuggling, fellaheenriots at Faw, and tax payments. In the papers, the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs raised their concerns to the British Government that unless the Shaikh accepts the service of judicial documents emanating from the Iraqi Government all cases instituted against him would remain pending.In the volume, British Officials circulate full lists of the Shaikh’s garden properties in Iraq. They also discuss the Iraqi Government’s request for the Shaikh to appear at the Court in Iraq, and how this could compromise his position as an independent ruler.The volume also includes correspondence related to the ‘Ujairawiyeh Estate, which had been purchased by Shaikh Mubarak in 1912, and was registered in the name of his daughter Sharifa. The estate later became a shared property between the heirs. Such shared properties raised questions among British officials regarding the Arab custom of holding property in common.The volume’s core correspondence covers October 1934- April 1935. The earlier start date given to the volume is a result of correspondence by the Political Resident Trenchard Craven William Fowle (f 303), which is dated 30 August 1933. The correspondence is a drawing of a plan showing lands adjacent to Faw depot.The main correspondence in the volume is between the Political Resident, Bushire, the Political Agent, Kuwait, the British Ambassador, Baghdad, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iraq, the Ruler of Kuwait and his Basra lawyer Jacob Gabriel.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 311; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Two previous foliation sequences, one circled and one uncircled, have been superseded and therefore crossed out.
5. 'File 9/3 Bahrain Reforms. Land Registration & Record of Rights'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence and papers relating to the issue of land rights and ownership in Bahrain.The first part of the volume (folios 2-78) concern the organisation of a land survey in Bahrain. The Ruler of Bahrain, Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfa, with the assistance of the Bahrain Political Agent (Major Clive Day), arranged with the Government of India’s Surveyor General ( E. A. Tandy) for a team of surveyors to come to Bahrain to survey the populated parts of the islands. A letter from Daly to the Surveyor General, dated 28 April 1925 (folios 28-30) provides details of the extent and character of the area to be surveyed. The survey was originally intended to take place during the winter of 1924/25, but was eventually delayed until the following year. A large portion of the correspondence relates to the costs of conducting the survey (including manpower, equipment, lodgings in Bahrain, food rations and passage from India), which were far greater than originally budgeted for by Sheikh Hamad. A revised proposal from the Surveyor General of India to Daly, dated 1 September 1925, gives details of the various costs of the survey (folios 54-56). Negotiations over the costs continued right up until the departure date of the surveying team from India to Bahrain, in October 1925. There is a copy of the deed (in Arabic) for the plot of land adjacent to the Agency at folio 80.The second part of the volume (folios 81-99) concerns the implementation of a waqfdepartment in Bahrain. The waqfis a form of religious endowment under Islamic law, usually involving the donation of buildings or land for religious or charitable purposes. The correspondence relates to Shaikh Ḥamad’s introduction of a waqfdepartment, to address the reported mismanagement and misappropriation of waqffunds.Physical description: Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. There is an earlier foliation system using blue pencil numbers, that runs through a small part of the volume, from folios 2 to 4.The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 3a.The following folios are foldouts: 32, 38-40, 43, 44, 54, 57-59, 64, 70, 74, 75, 80, 88, 97-99.
6. 'File 53/11 I (D 10) Koweit [Kuwait] Shaikh's Fao Properties 1903 and 1904'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to date gardens in Fao [the Al Faw Peninsula] owned by the ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ.The correspondence primarily consists of copies of letters between Mubārak and Ottoman and British officials and concerns an arbitration case regarding Mubarak's ownership of the land and claims to it made by several of his nephews. Details of the settlement reached between Mubārak and his relatives are contained on folio 210.The file also discusses a loan of 100,000 rupees given to Mubārak by the Government of India as well as the imprisonment of Mubārak's Bussora [Basra] agent Abdul Aziz Bin Salim [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin Sālim].Physical description: Condition: A bound correspondence volume.Foliation: The main foliation sequence of this file commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A pagination sequence is also present between ff. 5-306; these numbers are written in blue and red crayon, and can be found in the top left or top right of the verso and recto sides of each folio respectively. The pagination sequence often skips pages, and some sections are not in numerical order.
7. 'File 53/11 II (D 11) Kuwait: Sheikh's Fao Properties, 1905-1910'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ's (the ruler of Kuwait) ownership of date gardens in Fao [the Al Faw Peninsula]. Much of the correspondence is between British officials but the file also contains copies - in both English and Arabic - of correspondence directly between Mubārak and British officials.The correspondence discusses tensions between Mubārak and the Ottoman authorities in Basra regarding his ownership of land surrounding a military fort in Fao and British attempts to mediate in this disagreement. A sketch map of this land is contained in the file on folio 177.On folio 51 the file contains a copy - in Arabic - of a settlement agreed between Mubārak and his relatives regarding ownership of properties in Fao. The settlement was registered at the British Consulate in Bussora [Basra] 8 January 1908.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence in this file commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are typed (with additions and clarifications in ink or pencil), and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The following foliation errors occur in this file: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D; 6 and 6A; 59a, 59b and 59c; 62 and 62A; 79 and 79A; 89 and 89A; 94 and 94A; 227, 227A and 227B; 258 and 258A.
8. 'File 53/11 III (D 69) Sheikh of Kuwait's and Mohammerah's Date Gardens in Iraq'
- Description:
- Abstract: The correspondence in this file discusses date gardens in Fao [the Al Faw Peninsula], Iraq owned by the ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz‘al bin Jābir al-Ka‘bī.In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's intention to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ and Khaz'al al-Ka'bi by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in World War 1. The file contains correspondence between British officials that discusses the British Government's obligations to Kuwait and how it should react to the Government of Iraq's plans as well as correspondence directly between British and Iraqi officials.The file contains a British Government briefing note from 1928 entitled "British International Obligations in respect of Iraq' (ff. 54-57) and figures regarding the estimated value of the tax immunity on Shaikh Aḥmad's land (f. 90).Physical description: Condition: Previously a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose.Foliation: The file has an incomplete foliation sequence and a complete sequence. The complete sequence, which should be used for referencing, is circled in pencil, in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the title page, on number 1, and ends on the last page of writing, on number 204. The file has the following foliation errors: ff 46A-B
9. 'File 53/11 IX (D 103) Date Gardens of Shaikhs of Kuwait and Mohammerah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding date gardens in southern Iraq owned by the rulers of Mohammerah and Kuwait. The correspondence discusses changes in legislation proposed by the Government of Iraq regarding the collection of land rent and land produce duties, and the impact of these changes to the ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ.In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's decision to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ and the Shaikh of Mohamerrah, Khaz‘al bin Jābir al-Ka‘bī by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in World War 1. The correspondence also discusses in detail a court case in the Iraqi courts regarding the land owned by Shaikh Aḥmad and the Al Sabah family.The correspondence discusses attacks on Shaikh Aḥmad's fellaheen (agricultural workers) in Iraq by other fellaheen on the land and contains a translation of a letter outlining the details of these attacks sent from Shaikh Aḥmad to the British Political Agent in Kuwait, Harold Richard Patrick Dickson (folio 32).A complete list of the date garden properties in Iraq which were in possession of Shaikh Mubārak in 1914 (and included in the British Government's pledge of that year) is contained in the file on folios 161-171.The file also contains correspondence regarding whether or not Shaikh Aḥmad should attend the trial in Iraq in person, concerns about his growing frustration with the British Government's perceived inability to resolve the dispute and his belief that they were siding with the Iraqi government against him.Physical description: Condition: A bound correspondence volume.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains the following foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D; 17 and 17a; 100 and 100A..
10. 'File 53/11 VI (D 92) Date Gardens of Shaikhs of Kuwait and Mohammerah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding date gardens in southern Iraq owned by the rulers of Mohammerah and Kuwait. The correspondence discusses changes in legislation proposed by the Government of Iraq regarding the collection of land rent and land produce duties, and the impact of these proposed changes to the ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ. In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's decision to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz‘al bin Jābir al-Ka‘bī by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in World War 1.Much of the correspondence in the file discusses whether or not this assurance can be upheld and how the British should react to the Iraqi government's desire to tax the produce that is grown on Shaikh Ahmad's land and then exported to Kuwait. The file contains direct correspondence between British officials and Nūrī al-Sa‘īd, the Prime Minister of Iraq. The negative impact that the situation had upon Britain's prestige within Kuwait - and the broader implications of this development - are discussed throughout the file.The file contains the minutes of a number of meetings held at the Colonial Office and the Foreign Office with representatives from the Treasury, the Treasury Solicitor's Department, the India Office, the Colonial Office and the Foreign Office present between 1932 and 1933. A briefing note marked 'secret' that outlines the various points of dispute between the Shaikh of Kuwait and the Government of Iraq is contained on the file on ff. 78-84.The file also contains details regarding a legal case brought against Shaikh Aḥmad by members of the Al Zuhair family regarding the ownership of some of his land holdings in Iraq.Physical description: Condition: Formerly a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The file contains the following foliation errors: 1, 1A and 1B; 33 and 33a; 147 and 147a; 161 and 161a.
11. 'File 53/11 VII (D 94) Date Gardens of Shaikhs of Kuwait and Mohammerah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding date gardens in southern Iraq owned by the rulers of Mohammerah and Kuwait. The correspondence discusses changes in legislation proposed by the Government of Iraq regarding the collection of land rent and land produce duties, and the impact of these proposed changes to the ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ.In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's decision to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ and the Shaikh of Mohamerrah, Khaz‘al bin Jābir al-Ka‘bī by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in World War 1.The correspondence discusses disturbances on the land owned by Shaikh Ahmad caused by his fellaheen (agricultural workers) allegedly refusing to pay rent, committing acts of sabotage and some of them demanding to be made proprietors of the land in place of the Shaikh. Within the correspondence, British officials discuss the Iraqi government's role in fostering the discontent and discuss the appropriate response with both Shaikh Aḥmad and the Government of Iraq.The file contains a Foreign Office memorandum that outlines the sequence of events regarding the Shaikhs' date gardens from 1914 until 1933 (ff 22-25).The file also contains details regarding a legal case brought against Shaikh Ahmad by members of the Al Zuhair family regarding the ownership of some of his land holdings in Iraq.Physical description: Condition: Formerly a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose.Foliation: The file has one complete foliation sequence, which is written in pencil in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. The sequence begins with the first item of correspondence, on number 1, and runs through to the final folio of writing, ending on number 258. The following foliation errors are contained in the file: f 68A, f 224A.
12. 'File 53/11 VIII (D 98) Date Gardens of Shaikhs of Kuwait and Mohammerah'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding date gardens in southern Iraq owned by the rulers of Mohammerah and Kuwait. The correspondence discusses changes in legislation proposed by the Government of Iraq regarding the collection of land rent and land produce duties, and the impact of these changes to the ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ.In particular, the correspondence concerns the Government of Iraq's decision to end the immunity from taxation (on the gardens) that had been granted to the former ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ and the Shaikh of Mohammerah, Khaz‘al bin Jābir al-Ka‘bī by the British Government in return for their military support against the Ottoman Empire in World War 1.The file contains details regarding a legal case brought against Shaikh Aḥmad by members of the Al Zuhair family regarding the ownership of some of his land holdings in Iraq.Correspondence in the file states that the problems between Shaikh Aḥmad and fellaheen (agricultural workers) on his land - as described in detail in IOR/R/15/1/489 - had been resolved.The file contains correspondence regarding Jacob Gabriel, the Armenian legal representative of Shaikh Ahmad (ff. 5-13) as well as minutes from two meetings held at the Foreign Office with representatives from the India Office, the Treasury, the Treasury Solicitor's Department and the Foreign Office (ff.167-183 & ff. 187-200).The file also contains the following:An English translation of an article which appeared in the Iraqi newspaper Al Ahaliin December 1933. The article accuses the Al Sabah family of 'meddling' with fellaheen in order to preserve control over their lands in Iraq (f.111).A copy (in Arabic) of Iraq's Land Laws (ff. 120-130).Detailed figures concerning the produce of Shaikh Aḥmad's lands and the amount of tax and export duties paid on them (ff. 214-227).Physical description: Condition: Formerly a bound correspondence volume, the file's sheets have been unbound and are now loose.Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using uncircled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto.The following foliation anomalies occur: 1a-1e, 27a, 140a-140f, 142a, 146a, 237a.