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1. ‘Dispatches received from Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia’
- Description:
- Abstract: Enclosures nos. 2-4 to a dispatch from the Secret Department, Bombay [Mumbai] Castle, dated 23 April 1845. The enclosures are dated 8 December 1844-15 February 1845.The enclosures consist of copies of dispatches from Justin Sheil, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia, describing events in Persia [Iran] and beyond, including:An unsuccessful attempt by the Khan of Khiva to recapture Merve [Merv] from the Toorkomans [Teke Turkmen]British objections to the construction of a bastion close to the Residency at Bushire [Bushehr]A demand from the Governor of Bushire for higher duties on the export of horses by British merchants, against the terms of an Anglo-Persian agreementContinued Russian military occupation of the Island of Ashoor Ada [Ashuradeh] off the Persian coast in the Caspian SeaA Persian investigation into American missionaries proselytising and making conversions to Christianity in Azerbijan [Azerbaijan]An unsuccessful attempt by Mahomed Bankir Khan, described as either a brother or a nephew of Agha Khan [Hasan Ali Shah, Aga Khan I], to invade Persia from Beloochistan [Balochistan].The dispatches contain forwarded translations of letters from Hajee Meerza Aghasee [Haji Mirza Aqasi, Prime Minister of Persia] and other Persian officials.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 357, and terminates at f 402, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
2. 'PERSIAN LOAN. TELEGRAMS, 20TH JANUARY - 1ST APRIL.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file reproduces telegrams written between the Secretary of State for India, the Viceroy of India, the First Minister at Teheran (Sir Arthur Hardinge), and the Foreign Secretary (Marquess of Lansdowne), in which the authors assess the merits and logistics of a proposed loan to the Persian Government.The chief considerations concern the British and Indian Governments' desire to neutralize the Russian monopoly on loans to Persia, and to prevent Russia from gaining influence in southern Persia. Proposals include using revenues from customs houses in southern Persia as security against the loan, eliciting political agreement not to allow foreign road or railway construction projects in southern Persia, and a plan for the Indian Government to purchase a large stake in the Imperial Bank of Persia in order to facilitate similar loans in the future.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 150, and terminates at f 160, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
3. 'Persia: Memorandum Respecting the Revision of the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a Foreign Office memorandum (author unknown), followed by an annex written by Charles Murray Marling, British Minister at Tehran.The file concerns the revision of the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. The convention divided Persia into three areas: a Russian sphere in the north, a British sphere in the south-east, and a remaining neutral zone.The memorandum refers to a recent invitation by the Russian government for Britain to enter into possession of practically the whole of the neutral zone. It discusses the possibility of negotiating for a considerable area of the current Russian sphere to be included in the new British territory. The memorandum suggests that Britain's efforts should be concentrated on the towns of Ispahan and Yezd (both of which lie in the Russian sphere) or in the last resort, on Yezd alone. The memorandum goes on to suggest that, as a counterpoise to Russia's cession, Britain might wish to surrender to Russia the oil-bearing districts in Kermanshah, which are located in the Russian sphere, but which currently belong, 'in a more or less undeveloped state', to the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.Also discussed is the possibility of Britain agreeing with Russia to limit the activities of the Imperial Bank (Persia's state bank), which currently has nine branches in the Russian zone, to the neutral zone of Persia. The memorandum suggests that such a course of action would hardly be possible unless Britain would be prepared to pay an indemnity to the Imperial Bank for the loss of its branches. However, it is argued that this action would give Britain a valuable lever in its efforts to have Ispahan included in the new British territory.In the annex which follows on from the memorandum, Charles Murray Marling recounts a brief meeting with Sazonof [Sergei Dmitrievich Sazonov], the Russian Foreign Minister, in Petrograd [Saint Petersburg], who reportedly stated that Russia wishes to retain both the district and town of Ispahan, in order to protect Russian trade in the Russian sphere from British merchants.Marling suggests that it would be both in Britain's and in Russia's interests for Ispahan to be included in the new British sphere, on the grounds that to do otherwise would result in a partition of the Bakhtiari tribe's territory. Such a partition, Marling argues, would divide the tribe into 'British' and 'Russian' parties, and would result in both parties possessing a common grievanace against Britain.Marling questions the extent to which the inclusion of Ispahan within the Russian sphere would benefit Russian trade. He speculates on the real reason for Russia wishing to retain the territory, before emphasising the importance of Ispahan, both to Britain's interests in the oilfields of Bakhtiaristan, and to its future position in Mesopotamia.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 15, and terminates at f 17, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
4. ‘Seistan Persia & Seistan’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volumes contain papers relating to Persia [Iran], including Seistan, and the tract of land south of the Baluch-Afghan boundary between Nushki and Persia, which had become British territory following the demarcation of the Afghan-Baluch border.The papers largely consist of printed copies of correspondence between the Governor General of India in Council (Government of India Foreign Department) and the Secretary of State for India (Lord George Francis Hamilton), and enclosed correspondence and papers.Letters from the Governor General of India in Council to the Secretary of State for India include:Number 170, 16 September 1896, relating to the opening up of a trade route between Nushki and the Persian frontier, crossing the tract of British territory south of the Baluch-Afghan boundary, and the protection of the newly-demarcated frontier, with enclosed memorandum by Captain Arthur Henry McMahon, British Commissioner, Baluch-Afghan Boundary Commission, containing his proposals for the management and administration of the tract and for the protection of the trade routeNumber 58, 31 March 1898, concerning the trade route between Baluchistan and Persia, including the suggestion that Consular Agents should be appointed at central points along it between Seistan and Meshed, with enclosures including a report by Lieutenant Frank Webb-Ware, Political Assistant at Chagai, on his visit to Seistan at the beginning of 1896, and the measures introduced for the development of trade between Baluchistan and Persia (which includes a blueprint map, Mss Eur F111/350, f 33)Number 163, 15 September 1898, forwarding copies of papers regarding the situation in Makran and Panjgur, following recent ‘disturbances’ in Makran.The file also includes:Copies of Government of India Foreign Department papers numbered 40-58 relating to the Kerman Consulate and British interests in Southern Persia, including correspondence between the Government of India Foreign Department and the Secretary of State for IndiaA letter from the Secretary of State for India to the Governor General of India in Council, with enclosed despatch from Sir (Henry) Mortimer Durand, HM Minister at Tehran, to the Foreign Office, dated 12 February 1899, in which he gives his opinion on suggestions for the appointment of additional consular officers in Persia (this includes a map titled ‘Skeleton Map of Telegraph Lines in Persia.’ Mss Eur F111/350, f 187)A letter from Durand to the Secretary to the Foreign Department of the Government of India, 24 February 1899, enclosing a copy of his memorandum (with appendices) drawn up in 1895 on the situation in Persia, and the steps he proposed should be taken to improve the British position thereCopies of a draft despatch from the Governor General of India in Council, 2 September 1899, regarding relations between Great Britain and Persia, including improving the British Political and Consular service in Persia, and the extent of the share of responsibility for Persia that should be devolved upon the Government of India, followed by printed comments upon the draftCopies of a minute by George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, on Seistan, dated 4 September 1899, including the question of a railway connection between India and SeistanHandwritten pencil notes by Curzon relating to Persia and the ‘Seistan Question’.In addition to the two maps noted above, the file also includes the following maps: map of the area south of the border between Afghanistan and Baluchistan (Mss Eur F111/350, f 300); map of the area west of the border between Persia and Afghanistan (Mss Eur F111/350, f 301); and ‘Route Plan of Robat Nala’ (Mss Eur F111/350, f 302).Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover of volume one (ff 1-150) and terminates at the inside back cover of volume two (ff 151-304); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
5. 'Memorandum by Sir M Durand on the situation in Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This memorandum was created on the 27 September 1895 by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, Minister Plenipotentiary to Tehran, and printed for the use of the Foreign Office in December 1895. It outlines the current situation in Persia [Iran] and the steps which should be taken to improve the position of the English in the country. The memorandum is 16 pages long and includes appendices totalling a further 26 pages. The main points discussed in the memorandum are as follows:financial concerns including the depreciation of the currency and the proposed reform of the currency;the perceived character of the Persian people;concerns over the behaviour of the Shah and his sons and the inevitable succession;the relationships of the country with foreign powers;the perceived influence of the English and the Russians in Persia;the attitude of the Persian Government towards the British Government and officialsreforms;the delimitation of the Perso-Baluch frontier.The appendices contain:1. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Picot, of the 31 August 1895, enclosing 'Part I, Notes of Persian Administration' and 'Part II, Proposals for Reform of the Central Administration of Government.'2. Note by Nawab Hasan Ali Khan on the 'Descent, Biography and Character of Ali Asghar Khan, Sadr-I-Azam'.3. 'List of the Total Revenues of Persia' by Nawab Hasan Ali Khan.4. Memorandum by Lieutenant-Colonel Picot on 'Past and Present Policy in Persia'5. Letter from Lieutenant-Colonel Picot, of the 1 July, 1895, enclosing a Memorandum on the 'News Agencies of Central Asia and the Caucasus' and Notes on the Resht and Tabriz Consulates.6. Private letter of the 24 June, 1895, from Nawab Hasan Ali Khan.Physical description: 21 folios
6. Letters from Sir Harford Jones, Envoy to Persia, to James Justinian Morier and Lord Minto, Governor-General of Bengal
- Description:
- Abstract: Two copies of letters from Sir Harford Jones, British Envoy Extraordinary to Persia [Iran], to James Justinian Morier, Secretary to Jones’s mission, and Lord Minto, Governor-General of Bengal, sent from Tehran and dated 4 and 9 June 1809. The letters are principally concerned with the discovery of members of the French mission to Persia under General Claude-Mathieu Gardane remaining in Tebreze [Tabrīz], Jones’s suspicions of French and Russian intrigue and fears of a French resurgence at the Court of Persia, and the need to counteract this.The letters were enclosed in Jones’s letter No. 10 to Sir Robert Dundas, President of the Board of Control, dated 13 June 1809.Physical description: 1 item (11 folios)
7. Coll 28/67 ‘Persia: Annual Reports’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a single printed copy of a general report on events in Persia [Iran] during 1947 and 1948, submitted by the British Ambassador at Tehran, John Helier Le Rougetel. The file also includes a cover slip and a page of office notes.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 7; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
8. Coll 28/85S (2) ‘Persia; Abadan situation 1946; Policy to be pursued by H.M.G. (Recommendations & General Appreciation).’
- Description:
- Abstract: Secret papers and correspondence concerning the British Government’s response to the potential threat of Soviet Communist penetration in Persia [Iran] and a perceived increase in influence of the Tudeh Party within the Persian Government. The political crisis was triggered by events at the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company’s refinery at Abadan in July 1946, covered in full in Coll 28/85S (1) ‘Persia. Abadan and S. W. Persian oilfields; Protection of British interests.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3490A).The papers include: an appreciation of the political situation in Persia, along with recommendations for British propaganda activities to counter the Soviet threat, prepared by HM Ambassador at Tehran, John Haller Le Rougetel; a response to Le Rougetel’s recommendations, prepared by the Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Robert George Howe; a further response to Le Rougetel’s recommendations from the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, Hugh Weightman; instructions sent by Le Rougtel to British consular officials in Persia, in response to events at Abadan.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 42; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
9. 'Notes on tribes and boundaries.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a note written by J R Fitzgerald, First Assistant to the Agent to the Governor-General for Beluchistan, in which the author provides a number of instances of tribes divided by territorial boundaries, and casts doubt on the notion that members of those tribes cannot be said to be inhabitants of one side or the other of those boundaries.The file also reproduces an extract from a letter written by Her Majesty's Ambassador at Tehran, dated 26 December 1874, in which the author provides examples of nomadic tribes who migrate across boundary lines, but who nevertheless declare allegiance and pay tribute to one state or the other.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences and terminates at folio 191, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, is circled, and is located at the top right corner of the folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; this number is also written in pencil, but is not circled
10. Enclosure in Sir Harford Jones's Letter No. 1 of 3 Feb 1810
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Sir Harford Jones, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia [Iran], to Lord Minto, Governor-General of Bengal, sent from Tauris [Tabrīz] and dated 30 January 1810. Jones forwards translations of a Firman [edict] from the Shah of Persia (IOR/L/PS/9/68/1) and communications from Persian Ministers (IOR/L/PS/9/68/2-7) asserts that he will continue in his mission in Persia, and refuses cooperation with John Malcolm, who is also present in the country as Envoy of the Supreme Government of India.The letter was enclosed in Jones's Letter No. 1 to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 3 February 1810. Another copy of the same letter can be found in IOR/L/PS/9/68/21.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
11. Enclosure in Sir Harford Jones's Letter No. 1 of 3 Feb 1810
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Sir Harford Jones, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia [Iran], to Lord Minto, Governor-General of Bengal, sent from Tauris [Tabrīz] and dated 27 January 1810. Jones forwards letters from Earl Bathurst, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, which confirm his position as Envoy Extraordinary, and asserts his continued concern for the Governor-General's interests.The letter was enclosed in Jones's Letter No. 1 to the Secret Committee dated 3 February 1810.Physical description: 1 folio
12. Enclosure in Sir Harford Jones's Letter No. 3 of 3 Feb 1810
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Sir Harford Jones, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia [Iran], to Captain Charles Pasley, Political Agent of the Governor-General of Bengal in Persia, sent from Tauris [Tabrīz] and dated 30 January 1810. In response to Pasley's letter of 3 December 1809 (IOR/L/PS/9/68/12) Jones details subsidy payments made to Persian officials, while refusing to acknowledge Pasley’s authority over the matter.The letter was enclosed in Jones's Letter No. 3 to the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company dated 3 February 1810.Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
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