Abstract: Imprint:Berlin, published by Dietrich Reimer and engraved by Heinrich Mahlmann.Edition statement:Third edition; compiled and prepared by Dr. Heinrich Kiepert.Physical description: 5 maps
Abstract: Die Südarabische Expedition der kaiserlichen academie der wssenschaften in Wien und das vorgehen des Professor Dr. David Heinrich Müller.Author: Dr Carlo Graf Landberg.Publication details: Hermann Lukaschik, München, 1899.Physical Description: xvi. 185 p.; 8º.Physical description: Dimensions: 222mm x 145mm.
nach dessen Originalskizzen redigirt von H. Kiepert.Covers portions of Turkey, Iraq and Iran.Relief shown by shading.Prime meridian: Greenwich and Paris.Inset: Route in Nord-Persien (Scale 1:600,000).Ancillary maps: Türkish-Persischer Grenzbezirk in Kurdistan im doppelten Maβstab der Hauptkarte (Scale 1:400,000), Der mittlere Theil der Hauptkarte im doppeltem Maβstabe (Scale 1:400,000)."Druck v. Fr. Schwabe, Berlin".Includes lexicon German-Turkish-Persian.In German with place names in Turkish and Persian.
Abstract: Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures and spot heights.Title continues: ‘Zu C. Ritter’s Erdkunde, Buch III, West-Asien, Theil XII. Bearbeitet von H. Kiepert, herausgegeben von C. Ritter. Berlin, 1852 Verlag von Dietrich Reimer’.Map of Hedjaz [Hejaz] province showing various routes including the Hajj pilgrimage, Carsten Niebuhr exploration journey, and J.G. Hulton and Charles J. Cruttenden expedition of 1836.In the bottom right-hand corner there is a table of reference listing Arabic geographic terms with German equivalents and abbreviations.Includes two insets:• plan of Mecca entitled ‘Mekka nach Burckhardt’ drawn to scale 1:30,000 with districts numbered and listed in a table of reference; • map of peninsula and the port of Aden entitled ‘Halbinsel und Hafen von Aden’ drawn to scale 1:200,000 with depths shown by contours.Physical description: Dimensions:491 x 349 mm, on sheet 584 x 476 mm
Abstract: Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures.Title continues: ‘Zu C. Ritter’s Erdkunde, Buch III, West-Asien, Theil XII, XIII; bearbeitet von H. Kiepert, herausgegeben von C. Ritter. Berlin, 1852 Verlag von D. Reimer’.General map of Arabian Peninsula based on Carl Ritter’s ‘Die Erdkunde im Verhältnis zur Natur und zur Geschichte des Menschen’ [Geography in relationship to nature and to the history of humanity] showing various routes across the region including the Hajj pilgrimage, Captain George Forster Sadlier’s expedition of 1819 and George August Wallin‘s journey of 1848. Provinces and regions labelled with boundary coloured for reference.Includes inset map entitled ‘Oman’ showing Maskat [Muscat] with routes traversed by Pierre-Martin-Rémi Aucher-Eloy and James Raymond Wellsted marked. In the bottom right-hand corner there is a table of reference listing Arabic geographic terms with German equivalents and abbreviations.Physical description: Dimensions:353 x 475 mm, on sheet 742 x 580 mm
Abstract: Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures.Title continues: ‘Zu C. Ritter’s Erdkunde, Buch III, West-Asien, Theil VIII, IX. Bearbeitet von H. Kiepert, herausgegeben von C. Ritter. Berlin, 1852 Verlag von D. Reimer’.Map of Iran showing territorial extent of the Ottoman, the Russian and the British sphere of influence in the region with borders outlined in colour and explained in a key in the bottom left-hand corner below title. Also shows the boundaries between provinces and various routes across the region.Physical description: Dimensions:462 x 490 mm, on sheet 478 x 584 mm
Abstract: Pencil and ink sketch map of the island of Abu Mussa [Abū Mūsá]. The island’s coastline is marked in blue pencil. A number of features on the island are marked and annotated in German, including: an Arabic flag; the locations of two mines; an anchorage and loading point; heaps of red oxide. The map was possibly used in conjunction with a letter, from Shaikh Segger bin Kalet [Ṣaqr bin Khālid Āl Qāsimī] to Hage Hassan bin Ali Somey [Haji Hassan bin Ali Samaiyeh] (translation in the enclosing volume, folios 177-178) containing instructions for the collection of red oxide from Abu Mussa by the steamer
Louise.Physical description: Dimensions:200 x 285 mm.Materials:Pencil and pen on paper.
Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This lithographic print shows objects and utensils in common use in Mecca. The items are drawn from the collection of Christiaan Snouck Hugronje and the illustration was printed by Pieter Willem Marinus Trap, the lithographic printer of the journal
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie.The objects are itemised in the list of plates at the beginning of the volume. Each object is identified by a number, which refers to elements in this list. The information in square brackets has been taken from a contemporaneous essay by Snouck Hurgronje entitled ‘Ethnographisches aus Mekka’, which was published in
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, Vol. I, Leiden, 1888.They are as follows:1
Schèrbah(hölzerner Wasserkrug) [Wooden water pitcher, vase-shaped; the interior of the neck opening red.]2
Rub’ī(hölzerner Wasserkrug) [Wooden water pitcher, vase-shaped; with narrow neck that is less than half as narrow as the above and the interior is red. Bell with metallic reflex.]3
Mèschrab(hölzerner Becher mit Untersatz und Deckel) [Wooden vessel with stand and lid. Interior of the lid and the bowl, as well as the underside of the base painted red. Exterior green marbled. Decoration incised by the same method described previously [cf. 1781.b.6/74]. Used for drinking Sherbet.]4
H̱uqq(Dose mit Deckel) [Wooden box with lid, whose lower edge protrudes over the walls of the box. The interior of the box and lid are painted a dirty light green. Used for keeping small objects of different kinds.]5
Ṯasahoder
Mèschrab(hölzerne Trinkschale) [Wooden drinking cup. Inner side light gray green, the border coloured yellow. Exterior bluw with yellow decorations as described previously [cf. 1781.b.6/74] and two red bands.]6, 7
Findjānund
Ẕarf(hölzerne Kaffeetasse und becherförmige, dazu gehörende Untertasse) [
Findjān: Bedouin coffee saucer. Of yellowish clay with greenish glaze. Similar vessels larger in size serve as butter dishes.
Ẕarf: Coffee cup, light brown wooden saucer, for holding a coffee cup [7] of the same material. The exterior of each well polished.]8
Kātah(kleiner Becher mit Deckel) [Cup with lid of brown, polished wood in the form of a flass. The edges of the cup are edged by a narrow yellow-line. The material is thought to be Aloe wood.]9
Mèschrab(messingene Trinkschüssel; in der Mitte einer Art Pfeiler, von dessen Rande einige messingene Amulete herabhängen) [Brass bowl. From the centre a kind of column rises so that a second, smaller bowl rotates, on the edge of which many small bits of brass (amnulets) hang down. On the inner side of the bowl are engraved characters. Similar in form, (without the amulets) are the cups from which one may drink Zemzem water at the mosque.]10
Schīschah(Wasserpfeife) [Waterpipe consisting of a brass tripod onto which a coconut rests, from which a brass-studded pipe leans out to one side and serves to receive the hose. The coconut is mounted with brass at both ends; the lower end is an upturned cone-shaped tip with a thick knob at the end. With this the pipe rests onto the footpiece. The upper part of the brass coconut, which is connected to the lower part by vertical strips of brass that extend over the wooden, brass-studded tube, out of whose upper end the black,-glazed earthenware head of the pipe is inserted. The hose is made of leather, over which thin copper wire is woven and then covered with wood. To connect the pipe a black, painted wooden tube is secured at one end while the other holds the wooden, mouthpiece.]11 Elf Amulete aus vergoldetem Silbera vier (buchförmige)
Chatmah’szur Aufnahme von Qurānsprüchen usw.b zwei
Heikal’sc zwei
Lōẖ’smit Sprüchene ein
Ischm, zur Aufnahme eines Edelsteines[Eleven silver plated amulets on a silver-gilt chain, wherein eyelets are to be found on the upper edge while small bells hang. There are four instances of two identical shapes, so that in total seven different forms are represented as follows:a four in the in the form of a book with a cover (
Chatmah), actually intended to reveal quotations from the Qur’anb two in roll-form with rounded ends, one of which with a coverc two shield-shaped, one side almost entirely covered with charactersd two half-moons, also covered with characterse an oval container (
Ischm), surely intended to carry gemstonesSuch chains with amulets are usually worn by children, especially during holidays.]12
Subẖah(Rosenkranz aus Perlmutter) [Prayer beads with 100 pea-sized beads of mother of pearl, strung on a silken cord. The division of 2 x 33 and 1 x 34 pearls is achieved by inserting forward-projecting, elongated four-sided pieces of mother of pearl (
imām). At the lower end the handle, a columnar peace of mother of pearl.]Inscriptions:Printed above image, in ink:XLPrinted beneath image, in ink:Lower right corner: ‘ex. coll. auct.’Lower left corner: ‘P.W.M. Trap exc.’Physical description: Dimensions:250 x 198 mmFormat:1 lithographic printCondition:The print is in good condition.Foliation:‘XL’
Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This lithographic print shows objects and utensils in common use in Mecca. The items are drawn from the collection of Christiaan Snouck Hugronje and the illustration was printed by Pieter Willem Marinus Trap, the lithographic printer of the journal
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie.The objects are itemised in the list of plates at the beginning of the volume. Each object is identified by a number, which refers to elements in this list. The information in square brackets has been taken from a contemporaneous essay by Snouck Hurgronje entitled ‘Ethnographisches aus Mekka’, which was published in
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, Vol. I, Leiden, 1888.They are as follows:1
Zèmbil(Marktkörbchen) [Market basket. Zigzag-shaped wickerwork palm leaf strips with two handles opposite one another at the centre of the edge, which is secured with braided black wool. These baskets are to be found in various sizes, the larger ones usually have a flat base.]2
Mèknasah(Teppichbesen aus Palmblättern) [Carpet brush; this two-sided bristles of palm leaf are bent towards each other and bound together so that the bristles the brush and the middle-ribbing form the handle.]3
Mekkabbah(Deckel für Schüsseln oder teller, die, mit Speisen gefüllt, von Haus zu Haus oder in die Moschee getragen warden) [Hat-shaped cover. The spiralling wicker-work of palm leaf strips are braided over a thin hoop. Strips of different coloured wool are drawn through the wickerwork near the edge of to form a fringe-like embellishment. In addition, short, narrow strips of silk and wool are affixed by sewing them on near the edge. ‘Would be used to cover a bowl or metal plate when one wants to send such a vessel, filled with food, to friends or neighbours, for example because one cannot accept an invitation to dinner.’]4
Quffah(Körbchen zum Mitnehmen von Speisen) [Cylinder-shaped basket with a covering lid that is attached by means of a cord threaded through two opposite points. Zigzag-shaped wickerwork of palm leaf strips into which short tassels of variously-coloured wool are worked in as embellishment. Children take such baskets of food to school. They also serve to carry dates, bread and the like, which are taken to mosques by the faithful for evening worship during the fasting month to enjoy after sunset as the first refreshment.]5, 5a
Mèrwaẖaj(aus Palmblättstreifen geflochtener Fächer) [Four-sided fan; zigzag-shaped wickerwork of narrow palm leaf strips. As a handle the stem of a palm leaf. The embellishments are formed of squares of numerous, convening holes, irregular six or four-sided in shape.]6
Qubqāb(hölzerner Stelzschuh, in dieser Form von Weibern getragen) [Wooden sandal with flower-deocration in red, yellow and silver and a row of bisected yellow diamonds along the central axis, on a green background. This form of shoe is worn primarily by women, un-coloured
Qubqābsare made use of by both sexes in the bathroom (and privy); because going barefoot is not recommended but leather footwear would be damaged by the running water.]7
Madāsmèkkāwi(mekkanische Sandale) [Mekkan Sandal, the upper side is decorated by rows of gold and silver thread tracery in rows across the transverse strap and yellow, red and green leather straps. Tiny green leather strips wind around the upper end of the peg that rests between the toes. Flaps of black, green, reddish and yellowish wool are attached to the middle of a second, adjacent strap. The name is only used by convention; no less frequently is the
Madāsmèdèniworn. Perhaps the origin of the form survives in the name.]8
Madāsmèdèni(medinensische Sandale; nicht weniger als die vorhergehende Form in Mekka getragen) [Medina Sandal. Almost identical to the previous, except with only one transverse strap with half-heart shaped flaps of variously-coloured wool fabric at the middle of the upper side. The leather peg is [decorated] as in the previous type. The inner part of the upper side of the sole is sewn with golden strips at the front edge. As to the meaning of the name, see above.]9, 10
Kursī’s(Tischchen zum Daraufstellen grosser metallener Teller mit Speisen) [Octagonal table: at each corner the table top meets one of the columnar legs of the table. Below the table top column-like bars at an angle as well as knobs form a grill. Lengths of semi-oval slat are attached to the table top itself, along each edge. The legs, the latticework and the slats are painted in various bright colours, the brown-wooden sheet is unpainted. A large metal plate is places onto such a table; food (e.g. rice with meat) is either directly placed onto it, or in various dishes. Such tables serve also serve to display beautiful copper objects (e.g. cans, Jassen) as showpieces.Rectangular table: a portion of the upper end of the four pillar-shaped legs are painted in various bright colours (marbled), the grill consists simply of vertical columns. Otherwise, apart from in form, identical with the above.]11, 12
Raẖl’s(Lesepulte, resp. aus Holz und aus Palmblattstielen; vorzüglich zu Uebungen im Qurānrecitieren gebraucht) [Lectern of brown wood; both the feet and the desk are formed of a piece each, which are movable due to the hinge at the mid-point of their length. The feet are carved up-to-date, the outer sides of the lectern with carving in base-relief. Used namely by boys learning to recite the Qur’an. Lectern made of palm leaf stalks; the crossbars are inserted through holes in the long bars.]13
Qalaç(lederne Mäklertasche zum Aufnehmen kleiner, dem Dèllāl zum Verkauf übergebener Gegenstände) [Leather trader’s bag. The exterior is decorated with many leather strips, which are brought together to form tassels and cords, and are decorated with strung beads of white metal. At the upper edge of the bag, six leather loops, through which a belt passes, by means of which the bag is closed. In actual fact, for the dealer, who is connected with practically every type of sale, such a bag serves to store small items (jewellery etc.) entrusted to the trader to sell; even when the bag is empty, the trader wears the bag over his shoulder, as a sort of attribute of his trade.]Inscriptions:Printed above image, in ink:XXXVIIIPrinted beneath image, in ink:Lower right corner: ‘ex. coll. auct.’Lower left corner: ‘P.W.M. Trap exc.’Physical description: Dimensions:250 x 200 mmFormat:1 lithographic printCondition:The print is in good condition.Foliation:‘XXXVIII’
Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This lithographic print shows objects and utensils in common use in Mecca. The items are drawn from the collection of Christiaan Snouck Hugronje and the illustration was printed by Pieter Willem Marinus Trap, the lithographic printer of the journal
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie.The objects are itemised in the list of plates at the beginning of the volume. Each object is identified by a number, which refers to elements in this list. The information in square brackets has been taken from a contemporaneous essay by Snouck Hurgronje entitled ‘Ethnographisches aus Mekka’, which was published in
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, Vol. I, Leiden, 1888.They are as follows:1
Ghèllājah(Wasserkrug) [Water pitcher. Made of grey, porous clay with handle and spout; wooden lid. The decoration consists of teeth-like elevations and incised dashes. The vessel is filled from a large, clay barrel, which contains the water reserved for household needs, so that an amount of cool drinking water is always available. From this vessel one pours the water into smaller pitchers and from the latter into drinking vessels. Instead of lids, one probably places a thin white cloth, for the purpose of filtering the poured water.]2
Dōraq(Krug für Zemzemwasser) [Pitcher for Zemzemwater, made of ‘grey porous clay’, with handle. ‘In the mouth of the jug is a plug made of tree fibres, the same type used as a sponge with which to wash the body; here the material is used to filter the holy water. Hundreds of full
Dauraqsare to be found around the mosque and those who serve the Zemzem water pour the water from such pitchers for their customers.’]3, 5, 6
Schèrbah’s(Wasserkrüge) [Vase-shaped pitcher with earthenware cover. Apart from its use as a water pitcher, this vessel is used especially during the months of Ramadan in mosques at the end of a period of fasting. It is also placed before visitors to the mosque alongside a jug of Zemzem water and contains chilled water, into which fruits, especially Mulberries, are placed, so that the water tastes the same.]4
Ibrīq(Wasserkanne für Ablutionen) [Made of grey, porous clay. Ribs around the bell. Handle and spout. The
Ibrīqis filled with water and used for the purpose of ritual washing and cleaning after performing natural needs. The
Ibrīqis sometimes also made used for washing the hands after eating, for which most often a copper
Ibrīqand bowl are used.]7
Qullah(Wasserkrug) [Vase-shaped water-pitcher. Made of similar material to the
Ibrīq(grey, porous clay), decoration similar to that found on the
Ghèllājah; also, on the neck and on the upper half of the walls of the bell, oblique and vertical deep incisions. Wooden lid.]8
Rub’ī(Wasserkrug ; die Form gilt als specifisch mekkanisch) [Vase-shaped water-pitcher with two opposing handles at the junction between the neck and the bell. Wooden lid, which ends in a long, round spigot that fits into the neck of the pitcher.]9
Kānūn(Kohlenfass aus Thon; dient als tragbarer Ofen) [Coal-barrel, made from red clay on three, even legs, that join at a bowl-shaped, round foot. The exterior is painted in various colours but not glazed. The shape on the whole is irregular. These and similar vessels serves as portable stoves for cooking food outside the actual kitchen, where brick kilns are used.]10
Mènqèl(irdenes Becken zum Vorbrennen von wohlriechendem Holz) [Cup-shaped, earthenware basins. The round base is hollowed out from below, the sides painted in different colours, though not glazed. Used for burning grafrant wood, such as aloe or for smoking the
Qafalthat is used for drinking water; one holds the empty drinking jug upside over it before filling. Clothes or even the whole body can be smoked over it.]11, 12
Schèrbah’s(Kaffeekrüge der Beduinen) [Bedouin coffee pitcher. With a wide base, high, narrow neck and handle. Material: reddish clay, coloured on the outside reddish-brown, though not glazed with ornamentation in blackish grey-brown colour. Neck-opening with spout.]13
Findjān(Kafeenäpfchen der Beduinen) [Bedouin coffee saucer. Of yellowish clay with greenish glaze. Similar vessels larger in size serve as butter dishes.]14, 15
Muschṯẖaqqèr-
ridjālund
M. ẖaqq el-ẖarīm(Männer- und Frauenkamm) [Man’s comb. The top edge with transverse grooves. The material is sold under the name of ‘sandalwood’. Woman’s comb. On each side there is a hole for the fingers. Grooved pattern along the middle of the comb. The material is sold as aloe wood, but is usually only perfumed.]16
Medakk(hölzernes Einziehestäbchen, womit die
Dikkehin die Koulisse der Beinkleider gebracht wird) [Wooden feeding-stick. Painted in bright colours with a hole at the upper end. The ‘
Dikkèh’ (the [waist-]band with which the trousers are pulled together at the middle of the body and fastened) is threaded through this hole and in this way the ‘
Dikkèh’ is in turn threaded into the
Koulisse(Bêt èd-dikkèh) or sliding seam.]17
Mibcharah(Weihrauchbecken) [Made from brass with a lid, which pivots from a hinge on the handle itself. The lid has six round holes. The base is hollowed out. Such vessels with burning incense are held up for the departing guests with which to smoke the hands upon bidding farewell. ]18
Merassch(Vase zum Besprengen mit Rosenwasser) [Vase made of frosted glass (Bohemian in style) with long, thin neck and decorated with gold. In the mouth of the vase is a glass pipe which is secured by means of a screw thread. Used for sprinkling departing guests with rosewater.]19
Qèdaẖ(hölzerne Trinkschale) [Drinking bowl of brown wood. Decoration consists of pins of soft, white metal driven into [the outside]. Near to the edge a row of brass pins with large, round heads, such as those found in the centre of the base on the inside. Meccans drink out of such bowls often, in so far as they don’t pay homage to the ‘new style’ of glass dishes.]The number ‘19’ appears erroneously adjacent to two of the objects, at right and left, while ‘9’ is omitted. A note at the foot of the itemised list of plates explains that the ‘19’ on the left is an error and should refer to number ‘9’.Inscriptions:Printed above image, in ink:XXXVIIPrinted beneath image, in ink:Lower right corner: ‘ex. coll. auct.’Lower left corner: ‘P.W.M. Trap exc.’Physical description: Dimensions:250 x 200 mmFormat:1 lithographic printCondition:The print is in good condition.Foliation:‘XXXVII’