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49. 'Vol 186 1853/54 Bahrain; Arabian Coast and Muscat; Slave Trade'
- Description:
- Abstract: The letterbook is comprised of correspondence sent between the Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain Arnold Kemball, and the Chief Secretary of the Government in Bombay, Arthur Malet, relating to events at Bahrain (folios 1-61), on the Arabian Coast and Muscat (folios 63-256), and the slave trade (folios 258-414).Correspondence relating to Bahrain, the Arab Coast and Muscat, chiefly concerns relations (including conflicts and settlements) between the Arab tribes, occasional breaches of the maritime peace, and the movements of a Wahhabi army eastwards from the Arabian interior, towards Al-Buraimi and Muscat. Correspondence relating to the slave trade chiefly concerns instances of slaves being imported into Persia from Zanzibar, occasionally via the Batinah and Arab coasts.Physical description: Foliation: The letterbook has been split into two volumes, ending at folio 208 in the first volume, and picking up at folio 209 in the second. Foliation begins on the first page of text in the first volume, and ends on the last page of the original letterbook in the second volume. The foliation system uses pencil numbers in the top-right corner of each recto. An original pagination system, written in ink in the top-left corner of versos and the top-right corner of rectos, runs through both volumes.The front cover, inside cover, front flyleafs, rear flyleafs and inside back cover of each volume are unfoliated.The following foliation anomalies occur: 41A, 74A, 74B (no 74), 179A, 179B (no 179), 184A, 184B (no 184), 187A, 194A, 194B (no 194), 196A, 196B (no 196), 203A, 263A, 282A, 282B (no 282), 295A, 295B (no 295), 331A, 331B (no 331).
50. 'Vol. D.16 (File 61/4) Bin Saood - Amir of Nejd's intention to visit Pirate Coast and Oman in 1905'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of letters (in English and Arabic), telegrams, handwritten notes, diary extracts, and drafts of the above concerning a rumoured visit by Ibn Sa'ud, ruler of Najd, to the Trucial Coast and Oman. The bulk of the file is correspondence between the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agents in Kuwait and Sharjah, the Foreign Department of the Government of India, the Secretary of State for India in Whitehall, the British Embassy in Constantinople, the various Trucial Sheikhs, Sheikh Mubarak of Kuwait, and Ibn Sa'ud. Included within this are letters sent amongst the Arab rulers themselves that came into the possession of the British via the Agent at Sharjah.The file begins with reports of Ibn Sa'ud's visit to al-Hasa in the summer of 1905 where he reconciled the quarrelling tribes of 'Ajman, al-Murrah, and Bani Hajar, and his talk of visiting the Trucial Coast and Oman. A discussion follows on how the British should deal with the consequential unrest and injury to trade in the Gulf should the visit occur, often seeking the advice of Sheikh Mubarak of Kuwait due to his close connection to Ibn Sa'ud. Warnings are then given to the Trucial Sheikhs to refrain from contact with Ibn Sa'ud and measures of blocking the arms trade to Kuwait and more direct military action are put forward. The file ends (at the close of 1907, after a gap of a year) with reports from Sheikh Mubarak that complaints about the British and requests for contact with Ibn Sa'ud had come to him from several of the Trucial rulers.Physical description: Foliation: The main sequence is written in pencil in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. It begins on the front cover of the file, and runs from 1 to 57, the final folio of writing. Note that f 24 is followed by f 24A.There are two other foliation sequences that are both intermittent through the file. The first consists of five digits stamped in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the first folio of writing. The second sequence is written in blue crayon in the top right corner of each folio. It begins on the first folio of writing.
51. ‘METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS IN IRAN AND ARABIA’
- Description:
- Abstract: The map illustrates the locations of meteorological stations in Persia, the Persian Gulf, and along the Arabian Peninsula. It divides these stations into three categories as follows: stations reporting observations, stations not reporting observations, and stations to be closed down.Physical description: Materials: printed on card in colourDimensions: 338 x 213mm
52. 'Précis of the Treaties and Engagements between the British Government and the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Appendix containing précis of the treaties and engagements between the British Government and the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf. It is broken down into the following sections:Koweit [Kuwait];Bahrein [Bahrain];El-Katr [Qatar];Trucial Coast;Oman (Muscat);treaties with other Powers;summary – listing points common to the engagements;communication of treaties – to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] in 1927, and to the Persian Government.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 68, and terminates at f 70, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
53. 'Persian Gulf précis. (Parts I and II)'
- Description:
- Abstract: A printed précis of correspondence on various Persian Gulf subjects, prepared for the Foreign Department of the Government of India, Simla, in July 1911 (Part I) and July 1913 (Part II). The document is divided into two parts. Most subjects relate to Turkish claims to sovereignty in the region, including the presence of Turkish garrisons, and were chosen and prepared because of the negotiations between the British and Turkish authorities connected to the Baghdad Railway plans.Part I (folios 2-35) covers various subjects and is organised into eleven chapters, each devoted to a different topic or geographical area, as follows: Chapter I, British interests in the Persian Gulf, Extent of Arabian littoral; Chapter II, Extent of Hasa and Katif [Qatif], Claims of the Turks to the whole of Eastern Arabia, Extent to which Turkish claims on the Arabian littoral are recognised by His Majesty's government, Proposed arrangement with the Turkish Government defining their sphere of influence on the Arabian littoral; Chapter III, Turkish occupation of El Bida [Doha], Extent of the Katar [Qatar] Peninsula; Chapter IV, Turkish designs on Katar, Policy of His Majesty's Government; Chapter V, Trucial Chiefs (Pirate Coast); Chapter VI, Maskat [Muscat] and Gwadar; Chapter VII, Kuwait; Chapter VIII, Um Kasr [Umm Qasr], Bubiyan and Warba; Chapter IX, Bahrain, Zakhnuniyeh [Zahnūnīyah] and Mohammerah [Korramshahr]; Chapter X, Proposed British action consequent on Turkish aggression; Chapter XI, Pearl fisheries. There are three appendices containing further correspondence relating to the main text.Part II (folios 36-60) relates entirely to the Baghdad Railway and the negotiations between the British and Ottoman authorities that the proposal of the railway initiated. The negotiations covered several matters, including: the political statuses of Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar; the location of the railway's terminus; the ownership of the railway; and the creation of a commission for the improvement of navigation in the Chatt-el-Arab [Shaṭṭ al-‘Arab]. It opens with an introduction of the related issues (folios 37-41) followed by the relative correspondence (folios 42-53). It ends with the draft agreements (folios 53-60) - never ratified - drawn up by the two powers.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.Condition: folios 59 and 60 have both been torn in two corners, resulting in the loss of some text.
54. 'Précis of correspondence regarding Trucial Chiefs, 1854-1905'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is a précis on the rulers and tribes of the Trucial Coast (now the United Arab Emirates). It was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha and printed in Calcutta [Kolkata] at the Government of India Central Printing Office, 1906.The volume begins (folio 4) with a short preface, written by Saldanha on 29 January 1906. It is then organised into fourteen chapters and an appendix, as follows: Chapter I, Dynastic changes among the Trucial chiefs; Chapter II, Payment of fines direct to the sufferers; Chapter III, Report about Arab tribes, 1854; Chapter IV, Report about Arab tribes, 1855; Chapter V, Inter-tribal wars, 1854-1873; Chapter VI, Piracies in 1854-1855; Chapter VII, Piracies and other maritime irregularities, 1859-1861; Chapter VIII, Specimens of complaints from the Arab littoral, 1866; Chapter IX, The Shihiyin tribe: operations against them: their position, 1855-1859; Chapter X, Telegraph and tribes at Mussendom [Musandam]: jurisdiction and sovereignty over the peninsula, 1864; Chapter XI, Question of jurisdiction over the coast from Dibba to Khar Kalba and the territory about Ras Mussendom; Chapter XII, Internal affairs; Chapter XIII, British relations with the Trucial chiefs, 1873-1905; Chapter XIV, Persian relations with the Arab chiefs on the Pirate Coast: distinctive Trucial flag, 1899-1905; Appendix, Genealogical tables of the Trucial chiefs.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
55. 'File 1/A/38 I Negotiations with Bin Saud re:- Eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia with Qatar & Trucial Oman.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the Eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia with Qatar and Trucial Oman (also referred to as the Trucial Coast), and negotiations over the boundary between British officials and Ibn Saud (referred to also as Bin Saud) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, King of Saudi Arabia].The volume contains reports and correspondence, principally from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; HM Minister, Jedda [Jeddah] (Sir Andrew Ryan); other Foreign Office officials; the Political Agent, Bahrain; Bertram Sydney Thomas; and officials of the India Office.The papers include: extracts prepared by the Political Resident, for the India Office, from a report by Bertram Thomas on the Trans-Oman air route reconnaissance of May-June 1927 (folios 8-21); papers on Anglo-Saudi relations and records of negotiations between HM Minister, Jeddah and the Deputy Saudi Arabian Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fuad Bey Hamza [Fu’ād Ḥamzah]), July-October 1934 (folios 37-60); further papers concerning Anglo-Saudi negotiations; papers prepared by the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle) concerning Ibn Saud and the Yemen campaign, November 1934 (folios 74-77); a letter from the Political Agent, Muscat (Major Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner), dated 23 October 1934, concerning the boundaries of Muscat Sultanate (folios 78-80); a Foreign Office note dated 19 December 1934 entitled 'South-Eastern Arabian frontier and United States Oil Concessions' (folios 122-124); papers relating to the Blue Line [a line drawn by British and Turkish officials in 1913 from the Gulf of Uqair to parallel 20 degrees North, in the Rub al-Khali]; and papers concerning tribal affairs (e.g. report by the Political Agent, Bahrain (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch) entitled 'Tribal situation in the Hinterland of the Trucial Coast', folios 140-146).The date range gives the covering dates of the correspondence; the earliest document is an enclosure on folios 8-21 containing extracts from Bertram Thomas's report on the Trans-Oman air route reconnaissance of May-June 1927, and the last dated addition to the file is an entry in the notes dated 25 February 1935.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 221; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-216; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in same position as the main sequence.
56. 'File 1/A/48 I Control of Prices of standard foodstuffs in Bahrain.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the control of prices of foodstuffs and other commodities in Bahrain, the suppression of hoarding, and the regulation of imports and exports by the Food Controller, Bahrain, against the background of wartime conditions caused by the outbreak of the Second World War (1939-45).The principal correspondents are the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Residency Agent, Sharjah; the Government of India; the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave); the Director of Customs and Port Officer, Bahrain (Claud Cranbrook Lewis deGrenier); and the Food Controller, Bahrain (Captain Arthur Charles Byard; later deGrenier).The papers include: initial discussion of measures to protect the poor in Bahrain from profiteering by merchants in the bazaars, and the introduction of fixed price lists for commodities (folios 2-12); the need for the British to consider Indian traders in Bahrain (folios 7-9); the issue of hoarding of stocks (folio 11); initial estimates of stocks of essential foodstuffs in Bahrain and the Trucial Coast; measures in the event of war (folios 14-16); regular Customs Department statistics of commodities available for sale in Bahrain, and estimated period of sufficiency; statistics of consumption of foodstuffs; notices issued by the Government of Bahrain and the Political Agent, Bahrain concerning prices and hoarding; regulation made under the Persian Gulf States (Emergency) Order in Council, 1939, which gave the Political Resident powers to control the supply and pricing of commodities (folios 40-41, 106); definition of luxury goods (folio 43); the effect of the measures on Saudi Arabia (folios 46-47); representations from merchants in Bahrain; the appointment of a new Food Controller, Bahrain (folios 141-142); accusations of profiteering (folios 151-156, folio 159); the effect on Bahrain if Japan were to enter the war (folio 176); special arrangements for the supply of provisions to the Royal Navy (folios 205, 235-240); and the suggestion by the Political Agent that British India Steam Navigation Company (BISN) steamers be used to bring food supplies to Bahrain (folios 207-208).The Arabic language content of the file consists of approximately fifteen folios, mostly official notices in Arabic and English issued by the Government of Bahrain and the Political Agent, Bahrain.The date range gives the covering dates of the correspondence; the latest addition to the file is an entry in the notes dated 26 March 1942.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 283; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-282; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
57. 'File 1/A/48 II Food Control'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the implementation in Bahrain and the Trucial Coast of the Civil Requirements Programme Middle East. The programme was a Ministry of War Transport initiative to assess the likely civil import needs of the Middle East in view of pressure on available shipping, and the difficulties of inland transport. The papers contain monthly estimates of tonnages required in Bahrain and the Trucial Coast for the period August 1941 to June 1942. The estimates were sent to the Government of India.The main correspondents are the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Government of India; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Residency Agent, Sharjah; the Political Officer, Trucial Coast; the Bahrain Petroleum Company Limited (BAPCO); the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain; the Food Controller, Bahrain; and the Director of Customs and Port Officer, Bahrain.The papers include: estimated monthly tonnages for Bahrain, provided by the Government of Bahrain; detailed estimates provided by BAPCO for 1941; estimated monthly tonnages for the Trucial Coast provided by the Residency Agent, Sharjah, and the Political Officer, Trucial Coast (including detailed statements showing commodities, consignors and consignees); statistics of bulk commodities available for sale in Bahrain, and estimated period of sufficiency, issued by the Food Controller, Bahrain, July-August 1941; papers relating to the establishment of the War Transport Committee at Basra, the duties of which were to oversee the increased traffic expected in the Persian Gulf as a result of military and transit cargo needs (folios 180-183, 192-193); and some correspondence relating to individual merchants and commodities.The Arabic language content of the volume consists of less than five folios, including bilingual Arabic and English notices issued by the Government of Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 293; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-289; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
58. 'File 1/A/48 III FOOD CONTROL.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the effects of the implementation of controls on the import and export of food and other commodities in Bahrain and the Trucial Coast during the Second World War (1939-45).The main correspondents are the Political Agent, Bahrain (Edward Birkbeck Wakefield); the Government of India; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Residency Agent, Sharjah; the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave); the Food Controller, Bahrain (Claud Cranbrook Lewis deGrenier); and the Director of Customs and Port Officer, Bahrain (also deGrenier).The papers include: Food Controller's report for the year 1941 (folios 2-9); correspondence between Petroleum Concessions (Qatar) Limited, and the Political Agent, Bahrain concerning difficulties caused by the curtailment of the company's supplies by the Food Controller, Bahrain (folios 10-29); the legal implications of hoarding, and related matters (folios 31-33); report by the Food Controller on stocks of food in Bahrain (folio 42); report on control of exports from Bahrain (folios 51-52); statistics of average monthly consumption of staple commodities in Bahrain, and minimum annual requirements of foodstuffs and textiles (folios 61-63); copy of regulation making all exports dependent on the permission of the Food Controller (folios 68-70); the support of the Political Agent, Bahrain for a petition from a group of merchants to allow the re-export of piece goods (folios 75-77); correspondence from the Residency Agent, Sharjah detailing commodities required for consumption on the Trucial Coast; correspondence concerning acute shortages of wheat and flour in Bahrain; correspondence concerning 'famine' conditions on the coast of Persia (e.g. folios 96-98); an estimate of the wartime increase in the cost of living in Bahrain (folio 107); the difficulties faced by Bahrain merchants in exporting goods to India, including an allegation that they needed to give bribes to customs officials at Karachi (folios 158-159, 163-165); a confidential memorandum critical of the Food Controller, Bahrain (folio 169); the use of Bahrein Petroleum Company (BAPCO) tankers for the transportation of foodstuffs (e.g. folios 185-186); and the effect on Bahrain of food shortages in India (folio 220).The Arabic language content of the volume consists of a single letter (with English translation) on folio 90.The date range gives the covering dates of the correspondence; the last addition to the file is an entry in the notes on folio 279 dated 9 August 1942.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 280; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-279; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
59. 'File 1/A/48 IV FOOD SUPPLIES.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the availability of food supplies in Bahrain and the Trucial Coast, at a time when rationing and a quota system for imports had been introduced as a result of the Second World War (1939-45).The main correspondents are the Political Agent, Bahrain (Edward Birkbeck Wakefield); the Government of India; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Residency Agent, Sharjah (Khan Sahib Saiyid ‘Abd Al Razzaq); the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave); the Food Controller, Bahrain (Claud Cranbrook Lewis deGrenier); and the Director of Customs and Port Officer, Bahrain (also deGrenier).The papers include: correspondence with the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) concerning a request by the company for additional rations to be made available for their passengers and crews; correspondence from individual merchants concerning food shortages and import licences; lists of sanctioned quotas (including re-exports to Saudi Arabia); lists of established importers and shippers; correspondence and papers concerning the main imported commodities (rice, wheat, flour, sugar, and bran); an intervention by the Government of Bahrain to adjust the amount of profit allowed to merchants under the quota system (folios 82-85); the import of barley and millet for camels and horses of the Bahrain police (folios 89 and 106); a memorandum by the Political Agent, Bahrain to the Political Resident, dated 24 September 1942, entitled 'Import into Bahrain of essential foodstuffs', drawing attention to the serious political and economic consequences of food shortages in Bahrain as a result of the quota system (folios 179-185); and a suggestion by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) that rice could be obtained for Bahrain from the United States (folios 274-275).The Gujerati language content of the file is confined to a letterhead.The date range gives the covering dates for the correspondence; the last dated addition to the file is an entry in the notes on folio 331 dated 2 November 1942.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 332; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-331; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
60. 'File 2/14 Outbreaks of smallpox, cholera and other diseases on the Trucial Coast'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and telegrams between the Political Agent at Bahrain; K S Husain bin Hamad, in charge of the Agency at Sharjah; the Political Agent in the Trucial Coast; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Yusuf bin Ahmed Kanoo; regarding outbreaks of smallpox and other diseases on the Trucial Coast.The file mostly contains documents regarding a smallpox epidemic in the Trucial Coast: weekly statistics and telegrams showing deaths by smallpox in 1936, in English and Arabic.The file also contains requests for supply of vaccines, vaccinations, quarantine measures, requests for the intervention for Dr Ralph Holmes, Medical Officer at the Victoria Memorial Hospital, and reports from Dr Holmes' work in Sharjah.There is correspondence in Arabic with English translation, with the Residency Agent at Sharjah and with the ruler of Ras-al-Khaimah, Shaikh Sultan bin Salim Al Qasimi.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 404; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 3-364 and between ff 368-383; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.