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97. 'File 11/29 Policy of H.M. Government Regarding Arabian Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains the following two documents related to the policy of the British Government in Arabia:A secret despatch written by Secretary of State for the Colonies, Philip Cunliffe-Lister, in February 1933 that discusses Britain's policy in regard to Arabian affairs with special reference to Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Trans-Jordan (folios 5-13)A briefing entitled 'The Future of Arabia' written by the Political Resident, Trenchard Craven Fowle, in September 1931 that covers issues related to the future of Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Iraq and the Persian Gulf (folios 14-27).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 28, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
98. 'File 2/5 IX Shaikh’s Date Gardens.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, and related papers, regarding a court case over the ownership of date gardens claimed by the Shaikh of Kuwait [Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ], and his relations, around Fao in Iraq. The court case in question was prosecuted by the heirs of Ali Pasha Al-Zuhair at the Court of Basra. The volume also contains correspondence regarding legal aid provided to the Shaikh of Kuwait by the British Government, as a result of a pledge made to Shaikh Mubarak [Shaikh Jābir II al-Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ] in 1914 guaranteeing his ownership of these lands.A number of copies of statements (or memoranda) submitted to the Court of Basra can be found in the file:A statement submitted by the attorneys of the defendants 23 May 1938 in reply to the plaintiff's claim, with appended supporting correspondence: folios 74-106.A translation of ‘the important parts’ in a statement (in reply to the Shaikh's lawyer) submitted to the Court of Basra by Sulaiman ash-Shawwaf, the agent of Abdulla as-Zuhair: folios 123-131.The third memorandum presented by the attorneys of the defendants to the Court of Basra June 1938: folios 325-336 English translation, and folios 337-348 original Arabic version.A biographical entry on Tewfik Doss Pasha – an Egyptian lawyer selected by the British to provide assistance to the Shaikh of Kuwait – from Personalities in Egypt for 1937can be found on folios 37-38. A translation into English of a power of attorney dated 26 Dhil-Qa‘ada 1326 [19 December 1908] given by Ahmed Pasha Al-Zuhair can be found on folios 312-313, with the original Arabic version on folio 314. A list of the heirs of Ali Pasha Al Zuhair is on folio 310.Related topics which are also covered within are the cutting down of trees within the Shaikh's date gardens by local Iraqi authorities and a proposed draft of a new land settlement law before the Iraqi Parliament.The main correspondents are as follows: the Kuwait Political Agent (Gerald Simpson de Gaury), the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle and Hugh Weightman), HM Ambassador to Egypt (Sir Miles Lampson), the Shaikh of Kuwait, HM Consul at Basra, and officials at the British Embassy in Baghdad (mainly James Morgan). It also contains some correspondence with the Shaikh's advocate Abdul Jalil Pertow.The volume includes a significant amount of Arabic material, but in most cases an English translation is also available.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 372; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Three additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 6-367, ff 48-367, and ff 73-113; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
99. 'File 4/6 I Kuwait-Iraq Frontier'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding the delineation of the borders between Kuwait and its neighbours, Iraq and Saudi Arabia (occasionally referred to as Nejd in the file).The primary correspondents in the file are officials from the British High Commission in Iraq, the Political Agency in Kuwait, the British Embassy in Baghdad and various British officials based in India. The file also contains correspondence from the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah and officials of the Government of Iraq, most of this is in Arabic (with English translations).In addition to correspondence, the file contains the following:History of Kuwaiti-British Relations 1775-1929, extracted from Aitchinson's Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, Vol. XI, 5th Edition (folios 78-83).Copy of the Kuwait-Najd Boundary Convention of 1922 (folios 84-85).Tracing of chart made by HMS Sphinx,July 1903 that shows Bubayan Island and the border between Iraq and Kuwait (folio 97).Statement of the Wells and Territories of Ahl Murra (folio 149).Rough Sketch Map Showing Approximate Area of Morrah Tribal Area from Baduin [Bedouin] Sources (folio 158).Map showing the Iraq-Kuwait border around Jabal Sanam (folio 187).Copy of 'Iraq Government Gazette,15 May 1938 (folios 292-294).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 369; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-366; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
100. 'File 4/6 II Kuwait-Iraq Frontier'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence regarding the demarcation of the Iraq-Kuwait frontier including issues related to a disagreement between the governments of Iraq and Kuwait regarding the location of a specific border marker, smuggling between the two countries and the development of Umm al-Qasr port in Iraq and the potential implications thereof.The primary correspondents in the file are British officials from the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Political Residency, the Political Agency in Kuwait, the Commonwealth Relations Office, the British Embassy in Baghdad and the British Consulate in Basra.The file also contains a letter to the Political Agency in Kuwait from the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah (in Arabic with English translation) and a limited amount of correspondence with the Government of Iraq (folios 46 and 110).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 220; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-219; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
101. '1/C III. Miscellaneous.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to a large number of miscellaneous topics:The discussion in the volume relates to the following topics:Expulsion of Hafidh Wahba from Bahrain, 1922.Proposals to reduce Gulf establishment, 1922.Rumours of intrigue by Shaikh Khaz'al, 1922.Faisal Al Duwish's raids, 1922.Diving systems in Kuwait and Bahrain, 1923.Difference between `amir' and `wakil', 1923.Channel of correspondence between Home Government and Gulf posts, 1923.Expulsion of Dawasir from Bahrain, 1923.Proposals to charge for lighting and buoying services, 1923.The volume includes an index (folio 4). The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Arthur Prescott Trevor; HBM Consul, Khorramshahr; HBM Consul, Mohammerah [Khorramshahr]; HBM Consul and Political Agent, Muscat; Secretariat of HE the High Commissioner for Iraq; Air Headquarters, Baghdad; Civil Embarkation Officer, Karachi; Commanding Officer, Mosul District; General Headquarters (Levies) Baghdad; Director, Royal Indian Marine.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 310; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers; nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.Additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 5-308; these numbers are also written in pencil, but, where circled, are crossed through.
102. '22/23 I Kuwait Conference 1923'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the 1923 Kuwait Conference to arbitrate the Najd-Transjordan and Najd-Hijaz boundaries.The discussion in the volume relates to the following:a proposal to hold Conference at Kuwait to settle the Najd-Transjordania and Najd-Hijaz boundaries. Correspondence discusses costs and practical arrangements and arrival of delegations from Iraq, Transjordania and Nejd and uncertainty over arrival of delegates from Hidjaz;preliminary negotiations and letter of credentials from Abdullah bin al-Hussain, Ruler of Transjordania, for Ali Khulqi Bey; letter of credentials from Faisal, Ruler of Iraq for Sabih Bey Nasrat; letter of credentials from Ibn Saud for Saiyid Hamzah; discussion of the implications of the Mohammerah Iraq-Najd Convention;conference negotiations - correspondence discusses points put forward by the various delegations, including blood-money, raiding and losses, raids by the Ikhwan, and the collection of zakah;summaries of the sessions of the conference and arbitration;a draft agreement (ff 227-228) on raiding;a list of raids (ff 247-248);an index to topics discussed in the conference (folio 249).The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Colonies, London; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Stuart George Knox; the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the High Commissioner, Jerusalem; the Political Agent, Kuwait; Political Agent, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 250; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A fold-out is present on the verso of folio 235 and has been labelled with an ‘a’. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 3-248, and ff 122-237; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
103. 'No. 1. Memorandum: Relations between Persia and Iraq'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum is concerned with a recent deterioration in diplomatic relations between Iraq and Persia; particular focus is given to the following issues:Persia's refusal to officially recognise Iraq;Persia's desire for judicial privileges for its subjects within Iraq;border disputes between Iraq and Persia, with a historical overview from 1842;the policy of the British Government.It also includes a list (folios 4v-5) of recent events between August 1927 and May 1928, which have impacted relations between Iraq and Persia.It has been signed by Charles William Baxter, Foreign Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file contains an original printed paginated sequence.
104. 'File 23/19 II (D 171) Iraq General'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence related to the internal politics and foreign relations of Iraq between 1933 and 1945. The majority of this correspondence is from the British Embassy in Baghdad to the Foreign Office in London (with the Political Residency at Bushire copied in).The file contains detailed discussions regarding political developments in the country including a report about the 1936 military coup that contains a summary of events, an assessment of the strength of the Iraqi armed forces, a translation of the coup's manifesto, and a discussion of the coup's significance.The file also contains a pamphlet published by the Iraqi Government entitled 'Documents relating to the adherence of Iraq to the Declaration of the United Nations, Signed at Washington on 2nd January, 1942'.Physical description: A bound correspondence volume.The main foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled and can be found in the top right of the recto side of each folio. A second foliation sequence runs between ff 2B-251; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.Foliation anomalies: 1A and 1B; 82A and 82B; 86A and 86B; 149A, 149B and 149C; 179A and 179B; 185A and 185B; 206A and 206B; 233A and 233B.
105. Newest Map of Arabia
- Description:
- Abstract: This color map in German appeared as plate 80 in Grosser Hand-Atlas über alle Theile der Erde (Large portable atlas of all parts of the world), published by the Bibliographic Institute of Joseph Meyer (1796−1856). The map shows the Arabian Peninsula as well as neighboring parts of Africa, including Egypt, present-day Sudan, and Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia). Colored lines are used to demarcate kingdoms and other political entities. El Bedaa, an old city in Qatar (now the Al Bida area of Doha), is shown. Three inset maps in the upper right hand corner show the cities of El Derreyeh (Ad Dir‘īyah), Mekka (Mecca), and Medina. An unusual feature of the map is the large number of distance scales provided, which reflects both the thoroughness of the mapmaker and the lack of international standardization at the time. They include geographic miles, English miles, French leagues, Dutch miles, Spanish leagues, Portuguese leagues, Italian miles, Danish miles, Swedish miles, Russian versts, Greek miles, and nautical miles. Meyer was a successful German businessman who founded the Bibliographic Institute as a publishing house in 1826. The firm specialized in producing low-cost editions of the classics, atlases, encyclopedias, and other books for purchase by the general public.Physical description: 1 map ; 35 x 29 centimeters
106. Flowers of Abu Ma'shar
- Description:
- Abstract: Ja‘far ibn Muḥammad al-Balkhī (787–886), known as Abū Ma‘shar, lived in Baghdad in the 9th century. Originally an Islamic scholar of the Hadith (the prophetic traditions of Muhammad) and a contemporary of the famous philosopher al-Kindī, Abu Ma’shar developed an interest in astrology at the relatively late age of 47. He became the most important and prolific writer on astrology in the Middle Ages. His discourses incorporated and expanded upon the studies of earlier scholars of Islamic, Persian, Greek, and Mesopotamian origin. His works were translated into Latin in the 12th century and, through their wide circulation in manuscript form, had a great influence on Western scholars. This book is the first edition of Abū Ma‘shar’s Kitāb taḥāwīl sinī al-‘ālam (also known as the Kitāb al-nukat) as rendered into Latin by the 12th century translator Johannes Hispalensis (John of Seville). The text concerns the nature of a year (or month or day), as determined by the horoscope, and was intended as a practical manual for the instruction and training of astrologers. Included in the book are numerous illustrations of the planets and constellations. The printing is by Erhard Ratdolt, a famous early printer from Augsburg, Germany who, with two compatriots, established a printing partnership in Venice in 1475.Physical description: 20 leaves (the last blank); woodcuts: illustrated; 20 centimeters
107. Arabia: According To Its Modern Divisions
- Description:
- Abstract: “Arabia According to Its Modern Divisions” shows the Arabian Peninsula with the three-part division traditionally used in European sources into Arabia Petraea, Arabia Deserta, and Arabia Felix. Deserts, seaports, and the pearl beds along the coast are indicated. Qatar is shown as Catura. Four different distance scales—Arabian miles, Turkish miles, Persian parasangs, and British miles—are provided. Published in 1794, the map was compiled and drawn by Samuel Dunn (circa 1723−94), a teacher of mathematics and navigation who made original contributions to solving the problem of determining longitude. In addition to making maps, Dunn wrote a number of books on mathematics and navigation, including The Description and Use of the Universal Planispheres (1759) and The Theory and Practice of the Longitude at Sea (1778). This map was published by the firm of Laurie & Whittle, a partnership of the engraver Robert Laurie (circa 1755−1836) and print seller James Whittle (1757−1818) that was known for its accurate maps and nautical charts.Physical description: 1 map ; 47 x 59 centimeters
108. Sixth Map of Asia: Which Includes Arabia Felix, Carmania, and the Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: This map from Ptolemy’s Geographia was published in 1578 and reprinted on many occasions between 1584 and 1704. It is much more finely engraved than maps in previous Ptolemy editions. The map mentions several places in present-day Qatar (Abucei, Leaniti, Themi, Asateni, and Aegei). Names added to this edition of the map include Mesmites Sinus, Idicar, and a second Idicar, located in present-day Kuwait. This name is similar to the island of “Ichara” found near Magorum Sinus. Contemporary research has confirmed that Kharj is the island known to the ancients as “Icara.” One of the major peninsulas shown on the map is named “Chersonesi Extrema,” near Catara. Modern scholarship has identified Chersonesos as Ras Rakn in present-day Qatar. Ichtyophagorium Sinus is the gulf inhabited by the people identified in ancient histories as the “Fish Eaters.” Claudius Ptolemaeus, known in English as Ptolemy, was an ancient mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and astrologer who was born sometime after 83 A.D., most likely in a town in the Thebaid called Ptolemais Hermiou in Roman Egypt. He lived in Egypt and died in Alexandria around the year 168.Physical description: 1 map : copperplate engraving, color ; 31 x 46 centimeters