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73. Turkish Arabia Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee [Bombay Secret Letter], No. 22 dated 31 March 1856. The enclosures are dated 16 Janurary-5 February 1856.The item comprises letters from Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq] to the Secretary to the Government, Bombay, for the attention of the President and Governor in Council, Bombay, and the Government of India.The papers cover matters including the following:Events in the Montefik [Muntafiq] District, including the contested ‘chiefship’ of the Montefik tribe, and the decline of the area caused by excessive taxation imposed by the Governor of Bussorah [Basra] and the ‘most revolting means’ (f 397) used by Zeyd en Nasser [Zayd bin Nāṣir], the brother of Bunder en Nasser [Bandar bin Nāṣir] (who was invested with the ‘sheikhship of the Montefik’), for their collection for the Turkish authoritiesThe capture of Kars by Russian forces [Crimean War, 1853-1856] under General Mouravieff [Nikolay Muravyov] and the military situation in that area of the Ottoman EmpireTensions along the Persian [Iranian]-Turkish [Ottoman] frontier notably at Kermanshah and Mohamrah [Khorramshahr], including: concerns of the Governor-General of Bagdad [Baghdad] regarding potential Persian plans to mount a campaign in spring 1856 with Russian allies; British concerns that Turkish troops may march into the disputed territory of Zohab, then in possession of Persia; and Persian fears of an invasion at Mohamrah by the English via the Turkish dominions.Physical description: 1 item (18 folios)
74. Turkish Arabia Affairs: Matters Relating to the Anglo-Persian War
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises one enclosure to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee [Bombay Secret Letter], No. 16 dated 27 January 1857. The enclosure is also dated 27 January 1857.The enclosure comprises a despatch, dated 22 December 1856, from Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Agent in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], for the Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, consisting of copies of his two recent despatches to Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, HM Ambassador at Constantinople [Istanbul], dated 10 and 18 December 1856.The papers cover and include the following:Kemball’s recent visit to Bussorah [Basra] and his opinion that the defences recently constructed by Persia [Iran] at Mohamerah [Khorramshahr, formerly Mohammerah] need not concern the British as there are currently no signs of a Persian intention to disrupt communications in the regionConfirmation that Kemball has secured grain and cattle for fresh meat in expectation of the British expedition in the Persian GulfNotification that, in expectation of an attack in the region by the British, Sheikh Jaber, the principal chief of the Chaab [Banū Ka‘b] tribe [Shaikh Jābir bin Mirdāw al-Ka‘bī, Shaikh of Mohammerah], has approached HM Vice Consul at Bussorah, as well as Kemball, professing support of the British Government and offering his services, whilst at the same time having allegedly also approached the Ottoman Governor in case of a Turkish takeover of MohammerahKemball’s distrust of Sheikh Jaber and the tribes in the area, who he claims would ‘readily join what they believe to be the strongest party’ (f 257)A table entitled ‘Arab Tribes under Persian Authority’, detailing: names of tribes; names of shaikhs; total numbers of men; total numbers of horses, camels, sheep and cows; and any significant additional information (ff 258-259).Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
75. Coll 28/6 ‘Persia; Diaries: Khuzistan (Ahwaz) Diaries Jany 1931 – 1937.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed and typewritten monthly reports submitted by the British Consul for Khuzistan [Khūzestān] (Herbert Reginald Dauphin Gybbon-Monypenny; Arnold Edwards Watkinson; Alfred John Gardener) to the India Office. The reports, which evolve over time from one-page summaries to comprehensive documents consisting of up to twenty-five sheets, cover a range of affairs taking place in the west Persian [Iran] province, and its chief towns of Ahwaz [Ahvāz] and Mohammerah [Khorramshahr]:British interests, including the movements of British consular, military and naval officials, individuals involved in commercial concerns, the activities of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) at Abadan and elsewhere, and the activities of the Mesopotamia Persia Corporation Limited.Persian administration, including the movements, appointments and actions of Persian officials, and general Government administration.Foreign interests (including Soviet, Iraqi, Japanese, French, German, American) with an emphasis on trade and shipping movements at Mohammerah.Persian military affairs, including army, conscription, police, the Anmieh (rural police), air force, navy.Internal affairs, including security (robberies and raids in the region, smuggling), the activities of the region’s tribes, including the Bakhtiari, judicial affairs.Public health, including outbreaks of cholera and deaths caused by the hot weather.Public works, covering roads, railways, bridges, municipal improvements, ports, posts and telegraphs.Agricultural activity and locust reports.Trade and commerce, including customs, the National Bank of Persia, industry, Persian monopoly companies.Weather reports.The reports also mention historical events of note, including: the Silver Jubilee and death of King George V; modernisation in Persia/Iran, including changes in dress (the adoption of ‘European hats’, the removal of ladies’ veils), and changes to place names.Earlier reports are enclosed with minute papers containing handwritten notes written by India Office staff, summarising points of interest in the reports. In many instances the handwritten notes are labelled a, b, c, etc., which refer to pencil annotations in the margins of the reports.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 766; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.
76. Coll 28/48 'Persia. Anglo-Persian Oil Company; Relations with Persian Govt.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, and other papers, concerning relations between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) and the Persian Government, and between the British and Persian governments over APOC operations in Persia [Iran]. The file covers: reports of attacks on APOC drilling operations at Bikarz [Bīd Karz] and Mishun in 1923; Soviet propaganda published against APOC in the Persian province of Khuzistan in 1927; disturbances amongst Persian APOC employees at Abadan in May and June 1929, and the British response to these disturbances, including the despatch of naval vessels to the Persian Gulf; copies of a 1931 memorandum entitled 'South Persian Oilfields Defence Scheme', produced by the Overseas Defence Committee at the Foreign Office (ff 76-86); a 1931 'Report on the Tribes in the Area exploited by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company Ltd', prepared by R J Moneypenny at HM Consulate, Ahwaz [Ahvāz] (ff 24-54); anti-APOC articles published in the newspaper Shafaq-e-Surkhin 1931, which criticise the D'Arcy Concession of 1901 (translations enclosed, ff 6-16), and the subsequent protest at the content of the articles made by the British Government to the Persian Government. The volume's principal correspondents include: HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Robert Henry Clive; HM Vice-Consul at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr], Captain E W Fletcher; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The volume contains a small number of items in French, being correspondence exchanged between the British and Persian Governments and three copies of the Persian newspaper Le Messager de Teheran(ff 61-66).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 268; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
77. Coll 29/6 'Mohammerah and Khorramshahr: vice consulate and consulate appointments'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns appointments at the Vice-Consulate (later Consulate) at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr, Iran].The file covers:emoluments of H G Jakins as Vice Consul of Mohammerah in 1932appointment of F C L Chauncy as Vice Consul of Mohammerah in 1932clerical posts at the Kuwait Political Agency and at the Vice-Consulate in MohammerahNorwegian consular representation at Abadanappointment of Allen Lancelot Austin Dredge as Vice-Consul of Mohammerah in 1941proposed opening of a Consulate at Mohammerah and reducing of Ahwaz to a Vice-Consulateappointment of F C L Chauncy as Consul of Mohammerah in 1942appointment of R A McConaghey as Acting Consul of Mohammerah in 1943appointment of R H Cook as Acting Consul of Mohammerah in 1944relations between Political Residency in the Persian Gulf, at Bushire, and Consulate at Khorramshahrappointment of V W D Willoughby as Consul of Mohammerah in 1948.The file is composed of correspondence between the Foreign Office; the India Office; the Government of India; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Viceroy; the Secretary of State for India; the British Consulates at Ahwaz, and Mohammerah; British Petroleum; the Royal Norwegian Legation to London; the British Minister at Tehran.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 233; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
78. File 1247/1912 Pts 1-2 'KOWEIT & MOHAMMERAH ANGLO-TURKISH AGREEMENT'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises two parts discussing the Anglo-Turkish Agreement of 1913 and especially the negotiations with the Shaikh of Koweit [Kuwait] and Shaikh of Mahommera [Khorramshahr] with respect to their boundaries with Turkey.The volume comprises parts 1 and 2 of 2. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 210; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-85 and between ff 86-208; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
79. File 1421/1908 Pt 3 'Persia: oil; negotiations between the Shaikh of Mohammerah and the Anglo-Persian Oil Co.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Part 3 consists of correspondence relating to an agreement between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and Shaikh Khazal-Bin-Jaber [Khaz‘al bin Jābir bin Mirdāw al-Ka‘bī] of Mohammerah [Khorramshahr]. The correspondence is mostly between the Government of India (Foreign Department), Foreign Office, and India Office. Included as enclosures are letters, telegrams, and memoranda from the following:Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary;British Minister to Persia, Tehran;representatives of Anglo-Persian Oil Company;Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf;Shaikh Khazal of Mohammerah;Messrs Lloyd, Scott, and Co., agents of Anglo-Persian Oil Company in Mohammerah;Persian government officials;Arnold Talbot Wilson, Acting Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia.Several matters are covered by the papers, including:the negotiations over a loan to Shaikh Khazal by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company for the use of land on Abadan Island for an oil refinery;the question of what is to be done with company buildings on the island when the concession period ends;the nature of Shaikh Khazal's rights to the land in question;the Persian Government's exceptions to some of the terms of the agreement;the question of guards for the refinery and who will pay for them.Physical description: 1 item (168 folios)
80. File 1702/1910 Pt 1-2 'Railways: Persia. Persian Railway Syndicate'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and maps, relating to the two topics contained in the volume on railway development in Persia. The first topic is the Khoremmabad-Dizful-Mohammerah railway and the survey required to assess its practicability and probable cost.The volume includes (ff 97-102) 'Russia. No. 1 (1907). Convention signed on August 31, 1907, between Great Britain and Russia, containing 'Arrangements on the subject of Persia, Afghanistan, and Thibet.' The volume also includes (ff 179-194) the 'Report on the Proposed Railway from Khor Musa to Khurramabad' by Arnold Talbot Wilson, Acting Consul for Arabistan.The second topic is the Persian Railway Syndicate and the accompanying negotiations over its financial structure including the impact of manouveres by Great Britain and Russia and the increased likelihood of Persia gaining access to outside borrowing.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 401; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 201-271; these numbers are written in coloured pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence between ff 290-399, which is also written in pencil and circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front cover, nor does it include the leading flyleaf.
81. File 240/1913 'Mohammerah - Khoremabad Railway; the Khor Musa agreement'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains memoranda, correspondence and telegrams, and minutes of letters between British officials regarding railway constructions in Persia, focussing on the line planned between Mohammerah [Khorramshahr, Iran] and Khoremabad [Khorramabad, Iran].The subjects covered are:the leasing of land around Khor Musa to the British by the Ruler of Mohammerah, in 1912 (document in Farsi with English translation on ff 182-183);railway concessions agreed by Persian Government and negotiations with Persian Railways Syndicate;Persian Railways Syndicate's application for a mining concession in the Kerman district (Draft Concession on ff 52 and 53);the Julfa-Tabriz Railway Concession, in French (ff 62-63).The main correspondents are: the Ruler of Mohammerah, Shaikh Kazal [Khaz‘al bin Jābir bin Mirdāw al-Ka‘bī], Persian Railways Syndicate Limited, the Imperial Bank of Persia, the India Office, the Foreign Office, and the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf.Some correspondence is in Farsi and some letters in French, from the Russian Embassy in London, are present in the volume. A map of Persia and Afghanistan, showing the projected railways, is on folio 77.The volume includes a divider which gives the year that the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in it arranged by year. This divider is placed at the front of the volume.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 224; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The map, f 77, is a very large fold-out sized at A1.
82. File 3154/1912 Pt 1-2 ‘Turco-Persian frontier: the position of Hawizeh; miscellaneous prints’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains parts 1 and 2 of the subject 'Turco-Persian Frontier'. Part 1 (IOR/L/10/PS/291/1 contains correspondence, reports and maps relating to surveys of the Turco-Persian frontier between Hawizeh [Hoveyzeh] and the Shatt-al-Arab, undertaken in May 1912 by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox, and again in June and July 1912 by Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson and Lieutenant Henry Aloysius Bruno Digby-Beste.The surveys were carried out in order to fix the precise locations of the village of Hawizeh and the Turco-Persian border at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr]. The reports submitted by Cox and Wilson set out the topography of the region, its canals and rivers, populations, jurisdiction, tribal affiliations and tribal rulers. Digby-Beste’s report (ff 16-18) details the survey measurements taken between 15 June and 2 July 1912, with calculations of longitude and latitude measurements for Hawizeh.Part 2 (IOR/L/PS/10/291/2 contains copies of correspondence, memoranda, maps and other papers, relating to diplomatic negotiations taking place between the Turkish and Persian Governments, marshalled by the British and Russian Governments, over the fixing of the boundary line between Persia and Turkish Mesopotamia at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr], Hawizeh [Hoveyzeh] and Zohab.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 324; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
83. File 3414/1906 Pt 3 'Persia: telegraphs; exchange of telegraphs with Russia and Anglo-Persian convention for improvement of Arabistan telegraphs'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence discusses the exchange of telegraph lines with Russia.Telegraph lines discussed are the Seistan line; Arabistan telegraphs (Mohammerah-Ahwaz); North Persian line (Tehran-Khanikin and Tehran-Shahrud). The signing and ratification of the Arabistan Telegraph convention is also discussed.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 236; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
84. File 3414/1906 Pt 4 'Persia: Arabistan telegraphs; Mohammerah-Ahwaz-Borasjun line'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence, 1905-1911, between officials in the Foreign Office and the Government of India discussing policy options concerning the maintenance and control of telegraph lines in the Arabistan province of Persia.Correspondence discusses the acquisition of control of the Mohammerah-Ahwaz-Borasjun telegraph line. Also discussed is the Government of India's suggestion that Mohammerah-Ahwaz-Borasjun telegraph line be brought under the control of the Indo-European Telegraph Department as well as the the costs of making the necessary repairs.The file contains the Command Paper (Cd 1004) 'Convention between the United Kingdom and Persia extending the system of telegraphic communication between Europe and India through Persia'. Treaty Series, No. 5, 1902, signed at Tehran, August 16 1901.Correspondents include: Major E B Burton, Vice Consul, Mohammerah; Arthur Henry Hardinge, Consul-General, Persia; Percy Zachariah Cox, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Louis Dane, Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 189; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.