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1. 'Memorandum by the Rev. G. P. Badger on the Pretensions of Persia in Beloochistan and Mekran, drawn up with especial reference to her Claim to Gwadur and Charbar'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a memorandum by George Percy Badger (scholar and missionary) concerning Persian claims in Beloochistan [Baluchistan] and Mekran [Makran], particularly Gwadel or Gwadur [Gwādar] and Charbar [Chābahār]. It contains the following: a history of Persian encroachments in Beloochistan; a table outlining the political divisions of the maritime provinces of Mekran, and their respective governments; an assessment of Persia's jurisdiction on the Mekran Coast; details of the sovereignty of Gwadur; a discussion of hostilities between Persia and the Sultan of Muscat over Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] and other dependencies; a summary of the 1856 treaty between Persia and Muscat. A map depicting the political geography of Mekran is included on folio 5.The appendices include:a translation of the treaty between His late Highness Seyyed Saeed [Āl Bū Sa‘īd, Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd] and the Persian Government, relating to Bunder Abbas, etc., dated 1856;a report by Lieutenant-Colonel Frederic John Goldsmid on the claims of Persia, Khelat [Kalat], and Muscat, to sovereign rights on the Mekran Coast;extracts from Lieutenant-Colonel Goldsmid's diaries on defining boundaries and districts;a memorandum on Western Mekran by Lieutenant-Colonel Goldsmid.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 10; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
2. 'Signalling and Heliograph Posts between CHAHBAR AND GEH.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The map accompanies MILITARY REPORT on PERSIA Vol. IV Part I. and shows a region of southern and eastern Persia, indicating short and long distance signalling and heliograph posts between Chahbar [Chahabar] and Geh [Nīkshahr] and points further north. Also shows roads and hydrology.The map bears a printing statement which reads 'Simla Drawing Office. No. 3254, March. 1922.'.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 153 x 80mm, on sheet 185 x 116mm
3. The Makran Dependencies of Muscat and Oman
- Description:
- Abstract: Letter and Enclosures to HM Secretary of State for India, dated 20 December 1871, concerning the Mekran [Makran] dependencies of Muscat: Gwadur [Gwadar] and Charbar [Chābahār].The papers cover: the view of the Government of Bombay that the Sultan of Muscat, Syud Toorkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] should enjoy the same rights over both Mekran and Bunder Abbas [Bandar Abbas] as his predecessor; the occupation of Gwadur and Charbar by the Sultan of Muscat's brother, Abdool Azeez [Abd'al Aziz Al-Said], and the Sultan's request that Abdool Azeez be removed from there by the British Government; the proposal that the gunboat Hugh Roseshould be sent to the area to establish the Sultan's authority there; and the Government of India's view that while not preventing the Sultan of Muscat from sending ships and men to Gwadar and Charbar, the British Government ought not to interfere further in the matter.The main correspondents are Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Major Edward Charles Ross, Political Agent and Consul, Muscat. There are also translations of two letters from the Sultan of Muscat.The Enclosures are dated 18 October - 7 December 1871.Physical description: There is an Abstract of Contents on folio 632, numbered 1-9.
4. Coll 28/83 ‘Persia; Persian Nationality Law. Position of British subjects & British protected persons resident in Charbar.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers concerning the status of Indians (as British subjects, also referred to in the file as ‘khojas’) living in Charbar [Chābahār], Persia [Iran], who have had Persian nationality imposed upon them by a nationality law ratified by the Persian Government. The file covers: discussion among British officials over the status of British subjects in Charbar; the efforts of Indians in Charbar to renounce their Persian nationality; a visit by HM Consul at Kerman, Captain Cecil Henning Lincoln, to Charbar, to assist the town’s Indian community with the difficulties experienced at the hands of the Persian authorities; the arrest at and deportation from Charbar of the Bandar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] Vice Consulate’s interpreter (also referred to in the file as a munshi) by the Persian authorities; in 1937, the departure from Charbar of 282 members of the Indian community, to Muscat and Gwadur [Gwādar].The file’s principal correspondent is HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 144; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
5. Coll 28/26 ‘Relations with H.M.G. Importation of Stores for I.E.T.D. Staff’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to food and supply shortages suffered by staff of the Indo-European Telegraph Department manning telegraph stations along the Persian coast of the Persian Gulf. The file’s principal correspondents include the India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), Imperial and International Communications Limited (J O Stevens Perry), the British Legation at Tehran (Charles Dodd, Lacy Baggallay, Reginald Hervey Hoare), and the Foreign Office (Charles William Baxter, George William Rendel). The shortages were a result of the introduction by the Persian Government of a Trade Monopoly Law, banning the import of goods into Persia without goods of equivalent value being exported in the opposite direction. The correspondence focuses on the wording of the Telegraphs Agreement under negotiation between the British and Persian Governments, classification of official stores, and the issue of import licenses for supplies. The file includes lists of the private stores (ff 119-122) and official stores (ff 109-112) for staff of Imperial and International Communications Limited, based at telegraph stations in Bushire, Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], Jask, and Charbar [Chabahar].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 138; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
6. Coll 30/200 ‘Persian Gulf. Tour of Political Resident from Bahrein to Muscat in L. T. Nearchus.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers, mostly correspondence, relating to: a tour of Muscat by Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Geoffrey Prior, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and HM Consul-General, Bushire, in February 1940; his journey from Muscat to Bahrein [Bahrain] in the ship LT [Lighthouse Tender] Nearchus; and a later tour of Bandar Abbas, Jask and Chahbar [Chabahar] in Iran by Prior in November and December 1943.The correspondence includes the following letters from Prior to the Secretary to the Government of India External Affairs Department: a letter dated 26 April 1940, which consists of a detailed account of his trip to Muscat, including the day he spent at Kuwait with Lieutenant-Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson, and a stop to refuel and meet the Senior Naval Officer at Khor Kuwai [Khawr al Quway‘] on the way to Muscat, with twelve enclosed photographs [IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 22; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 23; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 24; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 25; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 26; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 27; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 28; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 29; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 30; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 31; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 32; IOR/L/PS/12/3940, f 63]; and a letter dated 29 April 1940, recounting Prior’s cruise from Muscat to Bahrain, with stops at Qais [Kish] Island and Ras Tanura. Copies of these letters were sent from Prior to Roland Tennyson Peel at the India Office.The file also includes: a copy (sent from Prior to the Secretary of State for India) of a letter from Prior to Sir Reader William Bullard, HM Minister, Tehran, dated 28 January 1944, which contains a report of his tour of Bandar Abbas, Jask and Chabahar; a letter in response from Bullard to Prior dated 22 February 1944; and a letter from the Foreign Office to Bullard, dated 23 March 1944, regarding Prior’s report.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 66, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
7. Coll 5/67 ‘Crashes of British aircraft in neutral countries during the war’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a small number of papers related to the crashes of Royal Air Force (RAF) machines in neutral countries; the file focuses on neutral countries of interest to the India Office. The vast majority of the papers focus on a single incident in September 1939: the crash landing of an RAF plane near Chahbar [Chabahar] in Iran. Two other incidents briefly mentioned are as follows: a missing Hannibal aircraft lost around the Persian Gulf in March 1940, and the crash of a Blenheim aircraft in Thailand 29 September 1941.The main correspondents are as follows: HM Minister at Tehran, the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and representatives of the External Affairs Department of the Government of India.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 26; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
8. Coll 28/60(1) ‘Persia. Treatment of Foreigners; Position of British subjects, and British Consular Representatives, etc.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, reports and other papers relating to the ill-treatment of foreigners (specifically British or British Indian subjects) in Persia [Iran] at the hand of the Persian authorities. The file’s principal correspondents are: HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Robert Henry Clive, Reginald Hervey Hoare, Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen, Horace James Seymour; the Persian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mirza Mohamed Ali Khan Feroughi; Bagher Kazemi; HM’s Consul for Khuzistan [Khūzestān], Arnold Edwards Watkinson; the Foreign Office; the India Office.The file includes: 1931 correspondence relating to a claim for compensation, made by the British Government against the Persian Government, for the ill-treatment of a British Indian subject in the Persian Gulf port of Charbar [Chābahār]; correspondence throughout concerning reports about the Shah of Persia’s negative attitude to foreigners in Persia; correspondence dated 1933 relating to the detention by the Persian authorities of two British male subjects suspected of being involved in espionage and gold smuggling; the treatment of Indian pilgrims in East Persia; the treatment of the Hazara-Berberi people in East Persia; a note dated 2 August 1935 about the Berberis of East Iran, written by HM’s Consul for Khorassan [Khorāsān], Lieutenant-Colonel Clive Kirkpatrick Daly (ff 108-115).A small number of items in the volume (Persian Government correspondence, texts of laws and regulations) are in French.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 467; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
9. Coll 28/71 ‘Persia. Wireless Stations operated by the I. & I. C. Ltd. in Persia.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning the importation of stores and equipment for wireless stations in the Persian Gulf (at Bushire, Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], Jask, and Charbar [Chabahar]) operated by Imperial and International Communications Limited (I&ICL), amid the handover of the stations to the Persian Government. The file is a chronological continuation of papers found in Coll 28/26 ‘Relations with H.M.G Importation of Stores for I.E.T.D. Staff’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3423). The correspondence focuses on the payment of customs duty on materials imported by I&ICL, and efforts to negotiate an exemption of the payment of duty with the Persian Government. The file’s principal correspondents are: various representatives of I&ICL; HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran; the Foreign Office.The file includes a printed copy of the 1932 agreement (in English and French) between the British and Persian Governments, for the withdrawal of the Indo-European Telegraph Department from Persia (ff 116-119).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 233; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
10. Correspondence from Sir William Lockyer Merewether, Commissioner in Sind to Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: Letters from William Lockyer Merewether to Lewis Pelly discussing affairs in the Persian Gulf, Muscat, Kelat [Kalāt], Afghanistan, India, Europe and Britain.Discussion on affairs in Muscat covers the period 1866 to 1872 and includes Syud Salem [Salim II bin Thuwaini]'s attempts to consolidate power as Sultan 1866-1868; Colonel Herbert Disbrowe, Political Agent at Muscat's actions whilst in post and his subsequent removal from there; and Torkee [Turki bin Said]'s attempts to consolidate his power as Sultan 1868-1872, including threats from Sheikh Nazir and Azzan bin Qais, and his eventual recognition by the British Government in 1871. Also discussed are ideas for the final separation of Muscat and Zanzibar including possible ways of settling the outstanding question of the Zanzibar Subsidy.The situations at Gwadur [Gwadar] and Chabar [Chabahar] are also discussed in the correspondence, with particular focus on Sheikh Nazir and Abd'al Aziz al-Said, both of whom held the position of Governor of Gwadur during this time, and also Abd'al Aziz's attempts at taking control of Chabar.Affairs in the Persian Gulf are also discussed including the increase in trade in the region, the problems with the lack of available vessels of war; the handling of affairs in Bahrein [Bahrain] and Bunder Abbass [Bandar Abbas]; appointments to vacant positions in the Gulf and also focusing on the Persian Famine in 1871 with thoughts on the need for relief, the sickness and suffering being experienced, the failure of the Persian Government to react quickly to the situation, the lack of available grain and the high prices of Indian grain for sale. The ongoing difficulty of relations with the Persian Government are also discussed, along with thoughts on the British representative at Tehran Charles Alison, and the desire for Persian relations to be handled by the Government of India instead of the Foreign Office.There is discussion on affairs in Kelat, including the Khan of Kelat's actions and relations with both local chiefs in Beloochistan [Baluchistan] and the British Government. The correspondence primarily focuses on the actions of Colonel Robert Phayre and Captain (later Major) Robert Sandeman who are both accused of meddling and interfering in the affairs of Kelat in direct violation of their orders, resulting in Phayre being removed from his position as Superintendent of Sind in 1871.News from Europe and Britain is also reported on, including the instability of the British Government 1869-1871 including attempts to remove Benjamin Disraeli from power in 1869 and the likely dissolution of William Gladstone's government in 1871 and the likelihood of a coalition government being formed; also reported on is the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and the situation in Italy with regard to Venetia; the Alabama Claims brought by the Uinited States of America against the United Kingdom in 1869 and their resolution; and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 including its beginnings, thoughts on Otto von Bismark's strategy against Napoleon III, the situation in France post war and Adolphe Thiers as the new President of France.Other matters discussed in the correspondence include the work of Frederic John Goldsmid in attempting to resolve the Persian boundary dispute over Sistan; the challenge to the rulership of Najd between Abdalla ibn Faisal ibn Turki and Said ibn Faisal ibn Turki along with Turkish involvement in Wahhabi affairs; extensions of the telegraph at Chahabar; Henjam; Musandam and Jask in 1868; Sayyide Salme (later Emily Ruete)'s escape from Zanzibar to Aden on the British vessel Highflyer; and news of Hormuzd Rassam's journey to Abysinnia [Tanzania] to attempt to secure the release of hostages being held by the King of Abysinnia and his subsequent capture and imprisonment there.The cover sheet (folio 1) which was most likely written by a member of staff in the India Office in the 1920s, records that the file contains correspondence from Colonel Sir William Lockyer Merewether to Sir Lewis Pelly, 1867-1872, mostly written at Karachi. The cover sheet also notes that Merewether was Chief Commissioner of Sind 1868-1877 and a Member of the Council of India 1877-1880 and that he died in 1880.Physical description: Foliation: The contents of the file have been foliated using a pencil number in the bottom right hand corner of the recto of each folio.
11. File 1912/897 Pt 1 ‘Persian Gulf. British post offices [also in Turkish Arabia]’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises copies of printed correspondence, typewritten correspondence, handwritten notes and other papers. These papers relate to the operation of British and Turkish post offices in Turkish Arabia (Iraq), and British and Persian post offices in Persia and the ports and towns of the wider Persian Gulf. The principal correspondents in the file are: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Zachariah Cox); Foreign Office officials (Secretary, Sir Edward Grey; Assistant Under-Secretary, Sir Louis du Pan Mallet); India Office officials (including Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India, Thomas William Holderness).The volume covers the following subjects:communications between British and Turkish Government officials over a Turkish Government proposal to abolish foreign (including British) post offices in Ottoman territory, including: British acceptance of the proposal, with caveats, Turkish demands for the closure of foreign post offices on 1 October 1914 (f 5, f 8), arrangements for the closure of British post offices, including those at Basra and Baghdad, discussion between British Government and Government of India officials over proposed future arrangements for the transmission of mail from between India and Turkish Arabia;British Government correspondence relating to the Turkish Government’s plans to introduce its own mail system between Baghdad/Basra and India;the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf’s outline of the history of the British postal system in the Persian Gulf, and his proposals for improvements, which include the opening of new branches at Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām], Charbar [Chābahār] and Ahwaz [Ahvāz], a change of hours to the post office at Bushire, and changes to the service at Fao [Al-Fāw]) as a means of countering the Persian Government expansion of postal operations in the Persian Gulf (ff 187-190, ff 178-179), and the Persian Government’s subsequent protestations at the opening of British post office concessions at Henjam and Charbar;attempts by the Persian Government, under the direction of its Belgian Director-General of Post (Camille Molitor), to open post offices within the concessionary areas operated by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) at Abadan, and within Britain’s own post office concession at Henjam.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.