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1. 'Persian Baluchistan (including the Sarhad and Persian Mekran) The Quetta-Nushki extension railway'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum is concerned with Persian Baluchistan, specifically focusing on Mekran [Makran] and Sarhad, which are regarded as being of particular geopolitical interest to Britain's Indian Empire. It includes a brief description of these regions, outlines local British activities during the First World War to counter threats to their interests, and presents the current situation in Mekran and Sarhad. It also outlines proposals put forward by the Government of India in 1917 for reorganising the administration of Persian Baluchistan, with a view to protecting Britain's Indian Frontier and telegraph lines through Persia. This includes an explanation of objections put forward by the Foreign Office to these proposals.The rest of the memorandum is dedicated to the Quetta-Nushki railway extension to Duzdap [Zāhedān]; it is considering a proposal for the destruction of this extension. To this end, it includes a short history of its construction, examines the economic and political advantages of the line, and considers the possibility of a further extension of the line into Seistan [Sīstān].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 17; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
2. 'REPORT on the Working of the Line of Communication AND ON THE Withdrawal of the British Military Mission IN EAST PERSIA, 1919-20. GENERAL STAFF INDIA.
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is titled Report on the Working of the Line of Communication and on the Withdrawal of the British Military Mission in East Persia, General Staff India. The volume is marked confidential and was printed in Delhi by Superintendent Government Printing, India, in 1921.The report is from the General Officer Commanding, Baluchistan District to the Chief of the General Staff; the report contains preliminary remarks on 'The withdrawal of the troops of the British Military Mission at and beyond Meshed, and of the Lines of Communication'. There follows the substantive report from the Inspector-General of Communications, East Persia, Duzdap to the General Staff, Baluchistan District, Quetta. This report is divided into two parts:Part I - 'A brief report on the working and organization of the Line of Communications, East Persia, in April 1920'Part II - 'The withdrawal' which has the following sub-sections: general; supply and transport services (including some special points for consideration); medical; ordnance; works; posts and telegraphs; vetinary.The report is accompanied by nine maps:'APPENDIX 1. SKETCH MAP SHOWING POSITION OF POST AND COMBINED OFFICES IN EAST PERSIA' (folio 10)'APPENDIX 1. L. OF C.E.P. INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM' (folio 12)'APPENDIX 2. AREA ON THE EAST PERSIA L. OF C. COMMON TO RAIDING (folio 15)'APPENDIX 1. GRAPHIC MAP ILLUSTRATING THE NORMAL SOURCES FROM WHICH THE TROOPS IN EAST PERSIA WERE SUPPLIED AND THE CONTINUOUS MOVEMENTS BY WHICH THE SUPPLIES WERE NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED TO THE FORCE AT MESHED AND TO THE GARRISONS OF POSTS ON L. OF C.' (folio 18)'APPENDIX 1. LINES OF COMMUNICATION EAST PERSIA' (folio 33)'APPENDIX 3. DIAGRAM SHOWING POSITIONS OF TELEPHONE, TELEGRAPH AND COMBINED OFFICES IN EAST PERSIA' (folio 35)'COLUMNS AND CONVOYS WOKRING IN CONNECTION WITH WITHDRAWAL FROM EAST PERSIA' (folio 55)'DAYS AFTER ZERO' (folio 62)'PLAN showing ORGANIZATION OF LINE OF COMMUNICATIONS (ADMINISTRATIVE AND DEFENCE TROOPS) (folio 77)Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 78; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
3. ‘Military report on Persia Volume I 1930’
- Description:
- Abstract: Military report on the Khurasan [Khurāsān] and Seistan [Sīstān] regions of Persia [Iran], with maps and illustrations. Produced by the General Staff, India, and published in Calcutta [Kolkata] by the Government of India Press, 1931. Marked for official use only.The report includes chapters on:a history of Khurasan and Seistanthe geography of Khurasan and Seistan (mountains, rivers, deserts, an alphabetical listing of towns) and climate (including assessments of the health risks associated with both regions)population (religion, tribes)resources (including crops, grazing, fuel, transport, and a note on horses and mules in Khurasan)armed forces (including a description of the Eastern Division of the Persian military, an Order of Battle, organisation, armaments, equipment, clothing, rations, training)aviation (detailing the organisation, personnel, equipment, aerodromes, etc., of the Persian Air Force)administration (municipal, police, justice, department of public instruction, revenue, roads and communications, census, post and telegraphs, sanitation)communications (railways, roads, types of motor transport in use, principal routes used by travellers from Meshed [Mashad] to Russian territory, telegraphs, telephones, wireless)An appendix includes a veterinary note on conditions in Khurasan and Seistan. The volume also includes four colour plates illustrating different badges associated with Persian army and police officers, and a number of maps and diagrammatic maps.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 75; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. 'Duzdap to Meshed via Shusp, Birjand, Kain, Jumin and Turbat-i-Haidari'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a publication concerning the route between Duzdap [Zāhedān] and Meshed [Mashhad] via Shusp [Shūsef], Birjand, Kain, Jumin, and Turbat-i-Haidari [Torbat-e Ḩeydarīyeh]. Produced by the General Staff, India, and published in Simla by the Government Monotype Press, 1919. Marked for official use only.Divided into stages it describes both the camel road and motor road in terms of distance, terrain, and settlements. Comments are included on opportunities for water, fuel, fodder, grazing, camping grounds and supplies. The East Persian Force is noted as the authority for this information.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 13; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
5. 'DIAGRAM OF DUZDAP STN. YARD M. 439.8.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The plan accompanies MILITARY REPORT on PERSIA Vol. IV Part I. and shows a station yard at Duzdap [Zahedan] in eastern Persia, indicating railway lines, sidings and buildings.The plan has been corrected up to 31 March 1920, and bears a printing statement which reads 'Simla Drawing Office. No. 3253, March 1922.'.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 215 x 570mm, on sheet 233 x 593mm
6. Map showing the route of the North Western Railway from Duzdap [Zahedan] to Nok Kondī [Nok Kundi] and beyond
- Description:
- Abstract: Map comprised of four Survey of India sheets stuck together, which were published under the direction of Colonel Sir Sidney Gerald Burard, Surveyor General of India, in 1915. The map shows the frontier region of British Baluchistan [in present-day Pakistan] through which the North Western Railway runs. The map indicates: hydrology; topography, with some indication of terrain; settlements; marked in pen, the route of the North Western Railway, with stops/stations; marked on coloured pencil, various boundaries: between Afghanistan and Baluchstan (green) between Persia [Iran] and Baluchistan (blue/red). A handwritten note at the bottom of the map states that the blue boundary line is that marked by Colonel Arthur Henry McMahon as corresponding to the Holdich Line agreed between Britain and Persia in 1896, and that the red line corresponds to that for which McMahon suggested Persian consent might be obtained.There is an illegible signature on the reverse of the map, dated 11 May 1916.Physical description: Dimensions:895 x 795 mm, on sheet 1035 x 860 mm.Materials:printed on paper, with ink and pencil additions.
7. Coll 28/2 ‘Persia. Anti-British propaganda in: Case of Sewa Singh & propaganda in East Persia.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers relating to anti-British and pro-Communist activities in East Persia [Iran]. The file consists of reports from British administrators in the region, on the activities of individuals suspected of being involved in anti-British activities, or disseminating anti-British materials:Reports concerning a number individuals reported to be agitating amongst the population in East Persia, including Sewa Singh (mentioned in the file title, who should not be confused with Sewa Singh Thikriwala) who was finally expelled from the country by the Persian authorities.Reports regarding the Soviet Consulate in Sistan, its activities and associates, and reports that the Consulate was being used as a communications channel between Russia and India, via the railway running south through Duzdap [Zahedan].Speculation and reports on the connections of individuals in East Persia with the Ghadr (or Ghadar) Party, based in San Francisco, USA.A review of the mail contract running between Nok Kundi and Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh], in response to reports of the contractor’s connections with the Ghadr Party.Arrangements for the detention, seizure of passports, and expulsion from Persia of suspected agitators.The file’s principal correspondents are: the British Consul at Sistan and Kain [Kā’īn] (Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly); the Deputy Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 157; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which exists between ff 2-156 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
8. Coll 27/5 ‘Passports. Passport Control on Indo-Persian Frontier.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to passport control on the Indo-Persian frontier.It includes correspondence concerning the following:The examination of passports by the British Vice Consulate, Duzdab, of Persian [Iranian] subjects entering India via Duzdab (also called Duzdap in the file) [Zahedan]Visa fees charged by the Persian Consul at Quetta for visas issued to British subjectsThe grant of visas to Afghan subjects travelling to India via Meshed and DuzdabThe re-organisation of the passport control arrangements on the Indo-Persian frontierThe decision of the Government of India to discontinue the British passport control system at DuzdabThe reported ‘loss’ of British passports by Indian British subjects in Persia (and the India Office supposition that these passports were being traded)Alleged deposits required from British subjects applying for visas for entry into Persia from IndiaThe importation of cut diamonds from Iran into India.The main correspondents include:The India Office; the Foreign Office; HM Consul General and Agent of the Government of India, Meshed; the Secretary to the Government of India Foreign and Political Department (and the Deputy Foreign Secretary); HM Consul for Sistan and Kain; the Agent to the Governor General and Chief Commissioner in Baluchistan; HM Minister at Kabul; HM Minister at Tehran.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 230; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
9. Coll 28/11 ‘Persia; Diaries; Sistan and Kain Commercial. 1931 – – 1933’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed copies of monthly confidential commercial reports for the region of Sistan and Kain [Ka’īn] in eastern Persia [Iran], submitted by the British Consul at Sistan and Kain (Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly). The reports include:details of the demand for, and statistical data of the imports and exports of a variety of goods, including sugar, tea, carpets, textiles, nuts, motor vehicles and motor sparesfreight rates and seasonal road conditionsexchange ratesthe general state of trade across the regionthe activities of Indian traders in the regionsmuggling activity on the Persian-Baluchistan [Balochistān] borderstatistical tables covering trade into and out of Persia via Zahedan, trade on the Nushki to Duzdap [Zahedan] railway, and comparative trade figures for goods imported into Persia via Zahedan from the British Empire and other countriesthe impact upon trade in the region of the closure of the Nushki to Duzdap railway, and the imposition of the Persian Trade Monopoly LawMinute papers are enclosed with each report, which frequently contain handwritten notes made by India Office staff, occasionally making reference to numbered paragraphs from the report.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 95; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers; nor does it include the four leading and ending flyleaves.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 13-95; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.
10. Coll 28/75 ‘Persia; Persian Baluchistan. Persian allegations of improper British activities. Visit of Persian official to Gwadur. Indo-Persian Frontier Conference, 1935.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning tribal unrest on the frontier between Persia [Iran] and British India, more specifically the region of Persia referred to as Persian Baluchistan [Sistan and Baluchistan Province] and Baluchistan Province in modern-day Pakistan, and efforts to control cross-border movements. Subjects covered include:A protest from the Persian Government in early 1934, in response to reports of armed British guards and secret agents crossing into Persian territory at Mashkid. The incident reflected the wider concerns of the Persian Government, of British interference on the Persian side of the border, in fomenting unrest amongst Baluchi tribesmenAn unauthorised visit to Gwadur [Gwadar] by the Persian Passport and Visa Officer at Quetta in May 1934, reportedly to investigate the reasons why Persian Baluchis were quitting Persia. Subsequent correspondence relates to representations made to the Persian Government by the British Government about the visit, including reference to correspondence with the Sultan of Muscat, then sovereign of GwadurArrangements for and reports on a conference at Duzdap [Zahedan] in February 1935, held between the Government of India and Persian Government officials, to discuss Persian grievances about the tribal unrest on the border between the two countries. Printed copies of résumés of the conference sessions are included in the file (ff 302-309, ff 322-324).Continued negotiations between the Governments of India and Persia over control of the frontier, including the drafting of a bilateral agreementFrom 1937, British concerns over an influx of Persian refugees into Mekran [Makran] and Karachi.In 1938, attempts to extradite a Persian ‘rebel’ named Juma khan Ismailzai, along with his followers, from British Baluchistan.The file’s principal correspondents are: HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran; the Foreign Office; the Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the External Affairs Department, William Rupert Hay; representatives of the Persian Government’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including Mirza Mohamed Ali Khan Feroughi and Muzaffar A’lam.The file contains several items of correspondence exchanged between the British and Persian Governments that are written in French.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 516; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
11. Coll 28/25 ‘Persia. Relations with H.M.G. Negotiations re Mirjawa – Duzdap line etc.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence exchanged between the Department of Industries and Labour of the Government of India, the British Legation at Tehran (Robert Henry Clive; Raymond Cecil Parr), and India Office (John Gilbert Laithwaite), concerning the status of the Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh] to Duzdap [Zahedan] telegraph line in Persia [Iran], chiefly used by the North Western Railway, in light of the Indo-European Telegraph Department’s withdrawal from Persia, and the handing over of telegraph cables and stations in Persia to the Persian Government. The correspondence discusses if a clause regarding the Mirjawa to Duzdap telegraph line should be inserted into the agreement for the transfer of telegraph operations, under negotiation between the British and Persian Governments.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 37; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
12. Coll 28/87 ‘Persia; Railways; Mirjawa-Duzdap section of Duzdap Railway. Road Communications between Persia & India’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers relating to the railway line running from Duzdap [Zahedan] via Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh] in Iran, across the border to Nok Kundi in India (now Pakistan).The first section of the file contains papers dated December 1934 to November 1941 (ff 111-184), chiefly exchanged between HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen, and the Foreign and Political Department of the Government of India. The correspondence concerns the viability of the Duzdap stretch of the railway line which the Government of India are considering withdrawing, and which the Persian Government would like to improve in order to encourage trade between Persia [Iran] and India. This part of the file also contains correspondence relating to improvements of the road running between Nok Kundi and Mirjawa.The second section of the file contains papers dated September 1944 to June 1945 (ff 53-110) and concerns: the British Government’s request to the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to remove disused rails at the sidings in Mirjawa so that they might be used elsewhere for military purposes; the construction of a railway from Zahidan [Zahedan] to Kerman; maintenance of the Zahidan to Meshed [Mashhad] road as part of a supply line to China; a minute with multiple enclosures written by the Additional Counsellor at the British Embassy in Tehran, Lieutenant-Colonel Everard Huddleston Gastrell, relating to the Iranian Government’s refusal to allow the North Western Railway to remove rails at Mirjawa for war purposes.The third section of the file contains papers dated July 1946 to October 1947 (ff 5-52). The papers relate to the Iranian Government’s desire to take over the Zahidan to Mirjawa railway line, and include a report, sent by the Foreign Department of the Government of India to the British Ambassador at Tehran in June 1947, on the Mirjawa to Zahidan railway, covering its history, and political, strategic and economic aspects (ff 9-31).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 185; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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