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37. Note on Koweit [Kuwait]
- Description:
- Abstract: Brief note about Koweit [Kuwait]'s main inland trade being with the Bedouins of Nejd [Najd] and that the trade consists of wood, weapons, coffee, rice, bamboo and piece goods as well as giving details on where these goods are brought from.Below the main note is a line about the climate in the Koweit neighbourhood.Although the note is undated, the information was most likely gathered during Pelly's visit there January to February 1865.Physical description: 1 folio
38. Note about the Mundwee of Cutch and Occa
- Description:
- Abstract: Note about the Mundwee [Mandvi] of Cutch [Kutch] and Occa including their names being derived from Medina and Mecca, and how this is believed to relate to the Prophet's tribe Kereish [Qureish].The memorandum goes on to discuss the family of the founder of the Wahabee [Wahhabi] sect, Abd al-Wahab, and how the spiritual power of the sect is now wholly apart from his family.Physical description: 1 folio
39. Memorandum about Mohammed ibn Saood [Muhammad ibn Sa'ud]
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum, written by Lewis Pelly, about Mohammed ibn Saood [Muhammad ibn Sa'ud] who was the first ruler to conquer all of the Nejd [Najd] territory, as well as the provinces of Al Ahsa [Al Hasa], Khatif [Al Qatif] and part of the Omman [Oman] Coast.The memorandum also discusses his successors including his son Abdal al Azeex [Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad ibn Sa'ud] and grandson Saood [Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad ibn Sa'ud] and the battles fought over the territory.The memorandum is undated, however it contains information most likely compiled by Lewis Pelly during his visit to Riyadh in March 1865.Physical description: 2 folios
40. Memorandum from Charles Gonne, Secretary to Government, Political Department, Bombay Castle to The Political Resident, Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: Duplicate copy of the printed memorandum (folio twenty-seven) recording the request from the Secretary to the Government of India for a full account of Pelly's visit to Riad [Riyadh] and giving the Government of Bombay resolution that the instruction should be forwarded to Pelly with a request that he comply with it as soon as possible.This duplicate copy does not have a memorandum number, nor is it dated or signed.Physical description: 2 folios
41. Correspondence concerning arrangements regarding Lewis Pelly's visit to Riyadh
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence to and from Lewis Pelly regarding arrangements for and during Lewis Pelly's journey to Riyadh. There are three main types of correspondence contained within the file:Firstly, correspondence between Lewis Pelly and Ameer Faysul ben Torky aul Saood [Amir Faisal ibn Turki Al-Sa'ud] regarding Pelly's intention to travel to Riyadh to meet with him, and including correspondence with Eusef ben Beder [Yusuf bin Bedr] regarding arrangements for a guide to take him there.Secondly, correspondence between Lewis Pelly, Edwin Dawes, Chief Officer, Bereniceand William Pears Johnstone, Political Agent at Busreh [Basra] regarding accompanying Pelly on his journey.Finally, correspondence with James Charles Edwards, Uncovenanted Assistant Resident at Bushire, and Captain Henry W Warner of Bereniceregarding arrangements in Bushire during Pelly's absence, including care of his rooms and horses; arrangements for his mail including forwarding important letters to him; and arrangements for Bereniceto take Hajee [Haji] Ahmed, Residency Arabic Mirza (interpreter), to Bahrain in order for him to compile reports on the area for Pelly, and regarding Pelly's return from Riyadh to Bahrain.The file contains an original file label, in Lewis Pelly's handwriting, titled 'Riadh'.Physical description: Foliation: The contents of the file have been foliated in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio using a pencil number enclosed in a circle. The file has been refoliated and the numbers no longer in use have been crossed through.
42. Official correspondence between Lewis Pelly and the Political Department, Bombay concerning Pelly's visit to Riyadh.
- Description:
- Abstract: Official correspondence between Lewis Pelly and the Secretary to Government in the Political Department Bombay, some of which is in draft form regarding reports by Lewis Pelly on his trip to Riyadh, and his opinions on the ongoing dispute between the Sultans of Muscat and the Wahhabi.The correspondence from Lewis Pelly gives accounts of the journey to Riyadh; the challenges of collecting specimens and readings owing to the constant supervision of their travelling companions; and his opinions on both the differences between the Sultans of Muscat and the Wahhabi and the ongoing dispute between the two peoples.The correspondence from the Government of Bombay comprises requests for information, both on the Muscat-Wahhabi dispute, and also forwarding requests from the Government of India for a full account of Pelly's time in Riyadh which had been requested from him but had not been received.Physical description: Foliation: The contents of the file have been foliated in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio with a pencil number enclosed in a circle. Some of the folios contain a previous foliation sequence, identical to the one in use except that the circled numbers have been crossed through.
43. Miscellaneous Correspondence, Notes, and Newspaper Cuttings Relating to Persia
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains miscellaneous papers, mostly correspondence, notes, and newspaper cuttings, mainly relating to Persia [Iran]. The papers largely relate to Russian influence in Persia, and include papers concerning railway construction in Persia.The correspondence consists of letters addressed to George Nathaniel Curzon from various individuals, and correspondence between other individuals, including printed copies of correspondence of the Marquess of Salisbury, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, with British officials including Henry Mortimer Durand, HM Minister at Tehran.The newspaper cuttings are from newspapers including: The Englishman; Daily Chronicle; the Civil and Military Gazette; The Times; The Madras Mail; The Pioneer; The Statesman; and The Morning Post.The file also includes a few documents relating to Koweit [Kuwait] (folios 55 to 56, and folios 49 to 52).The file includes a copy of the publication Revue Franco-Persane Économique et Politique Paraissant Tous Les Mois[Franco-Persian Economic and Political Review Published Every Month], dated June 1900, which is in French (folios 101 to 109).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 125; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
44. Publications, Newspaper Cuttings, Photographs and Correspondence about Persia and the Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains miscellaneous papers, mostly printed publications, newspaper cuttings and photographs, relating to Persia and the Persian Gulf.It includes a few items of correspondence, including letters to George Nathaniel Curzon relating to the Trans-Persian Railway, and Russian influence in Persia, and handwritten notes by Curzon on topics including arms traffic in the Persian Gulf, and the Trans-Persian Railway.The file also includes copies of printed publications relating to Persia, including: three pamphlets on Lake Urmi [Urmia] in North West Persia, by Robert Theodore Günther (two of which include duplicate copies of a map of the Lake Urmi Basin, Mss Eur F111/356, f 132); a paper entitled ‘Paper to be read before the Indian Section of the Society of Arts, Thursday, May 8th. 1902. The Past and Present Connection of England with the Persian Gulf. By Thomas Jewell Bennett.’; and an article from the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Volume 5, Number 8, August 1909) entitled ‘Some Persian Folk-lore Stories concerning the Ruins of Persepolis.’ by Captain Charles Monk Gibbon, Royal Irish Fusiliers.It includes in addition: two issues of a French pamphlet entitled Bulletin de l’Union des Associations des Anciens Élèves des Écoles Supérieures de Commerce (Reconnues par l’État)[ Bulletin of the Union of Associations of Former Students of the Higher Schools of Commerce (Recognized by the State)], dated 20 January and 5 February 1904, which include articles by M E Peschier on the Baghdad Railway; and a German bookseller’s catalogue entitled Indica et Iranica Teilweise aus der Bibliothek von Viggo Fausböll Professor der indischen Sprachen an der Universität Kopenhagen I. Literaturen und Sprachen Indiens und Persiens[ Indica et Iranica Partially from the Library of Viggo Fausboll Professor of Indian Languages at the University of Copenhagen. Literatures and Languages of India and Persia].Folios to 250 to 370 of the file mostly consist of cuttings relating to Persia and the Persian Gulf from various newspapers and other publications, including: The Times, The Morning Post, The Spectator, The Civil & Military Gazette, The Times of India, and The Standard. The cuttings concern topics including: British interests in Persia; the Russian influence in Persia, including the Persian Government signing a concession to a Russian company for the construction of a cart-road between Kazvin, Resht and Enzeli, and Anglo-Russian rivalry in trade with Persia; the cholera epidemic in Persia; and the events of the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-11.Folios 386 to 433 of the file consist of black and white photographs, including:Three photographs in an envelope entitled ‘Photos of Koweit [Kuwait]’, of Mabarak-bin-Subah [Shaikh Mubārak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ], Shaikh of Kuwait, and his youngest son Naser (f 387), the foreshore of Koweit (f 388), and the residence of the Shaikh of Koweit (f 389)Two photographs in an envelope labelled ‘Photos by Parkin (assistant at Brit[ish] Resid[ency] Bushire / of Koweit Muscat. Bushire. Sent to me by Col[onel] Meade. April 1899.’ of Seyed Faisal bin Turki [Sayyid Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd], Sultan of Muscat (f 392), and Seyed Mohamed bin Turki, half-brother of the Sultan of Muscat (f 391)A set of photographs of the following: the South entrance of the Governor’s house, Bushire (f 395); the Political Agency and British Consulate, Muskat [Muscat] (f 396); the watch tower on Samana (f 397); Major and Mrs Leigh in Camp in Samana (f 398); Major and Mrs Leigh and Lieutenant Creagh [possibly George Washington Brazier-Creagh] at Mastar [Māster, Persia] (f 399); entrance of Muskat Harbour (f 400); town of Muskat from the harbour (f 401); Fort Jelali, Muskat (f 402); Fort Mahrani [Fort Al-Mirani], Muscat (f 403); and the British Vice Consulate at Mohamerah [Khorramshahr] (f 404)Printed images of the following: the British Agency, Manamah, Bahrain (f 407); Shaikh Khaz’ al of Muhammareh [Shaikh Khaz‘al bin Jābir bin Mirdāw al-Ka‘bī] (f 408); the view at Haz’-adh-Dhabi, Trucial Oman (f 409); salt rocks on Qishm Island near Namakdan (f 410); the Hindiyan River near Zaidan (f 411); a parade of British and Persian troops at Rishehr, 1905 (f 412); two views of Muhammerah Town (f 413); a creek near Basrah [Basra] from the Shatt-al-’Arab (f 414); a crowd at Ras-al-Khaimah (f 415); the Foreshore, Kuwait (f 416); the Hanaini well, Bahrain Island (f 417); ancient tumuli, Bahrain Island (f 418); Kumzar (f 419); Lingeh (f 420); the Tis Valley in Persian Makran (f 421); the West end of Masqat Town [Muscat Town] with the Sultan’s Palace and Fort Mirani (f 422); and the Eastern end of Masqat Town, with the British Consulate on the left, and the Sultan’s palace on the right (f 423).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 436; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
45. The Enclosures to Secret Letter No. 3
- Description:
- Abstract: The three hundred and four folios in the collection begin with an abstract of the contents of Secret Letter No. 3. The enclosures to Secret Letter No. 3 themselves are primarily concerned with the following subjects:The arrival of the Political Agent in Ludhiana Captain Claude Martine Wade at Firozpur and his intention to cross the Sutlej River the following day, and a meeting between Wade and Rae Gobind Jas, who read a letter from Maharaja Ranjit Singh, announcing the conquest of Panjtar and his intention of taking Shikarpur from the Amirs of Sindh; the reception of Wade by the Maharaja at Lahore and an exchange of letters between them; a report by Lieutenant Frederick Mackeson on discussions between the envoys of Sindh and Punjab; a letter from Political Agent in Sindh Colonel Henry Pottinger on the agreement reached with the Amir of Hyderabad Mir Nur Muhammad Khan Talpur and a request for instructions from Government; the Maharaja of Punjab's orders for the withdrawal of his forces from the border with Sindh; the discussions between Captain Wade and the Maharaja during a series of private audiences in Lahore; the meetings of Captain Wade with the Maharaja and Punjabi officials and the letters from the Governor-General (George Eden, Lord Auckland) addressed to the Maharaja and Captain Wade; the reports of Mufti Khayr al-Din and Lala Dalpat Rae from Khairpur and Multan respectively; Colonel Pottinger's account of the politico-commercial agreement reached with Nur Muhammad Khan; the contingency of British mediation between the Maharaja and the Ameers, beginning with a preliminary investigation of the Mazari frontier, on the Amirs' adoption of Government proposals; the transmission of Government's instructions to Lieutenant Governor of the North Western Provinces; discussions between Captain Wade, the Maharaja and the Vakil of Nur Muhammad Khan, and Colonel Pottinger's suggestion for Captain Charles Edward Trevelyan to lead the arbitrations, and eventually assume the previously contemplated position of Political Agent at Shikarpur; the Governor-General's interest in the King of Persia Muhammad Shah Qajar's designs on Afghanistan, and Captain Wade's request to Charles Masson for authentic intelligence from Bukhara and Herat; extracts of intelligence from Masson's letters forwarded by Captain Wade to the Secret Department; the mission of Captain Alexander Burnes to the Indus River and the Amirate of Kabul, and his pledge to keep the British Envoy at the Court of Persia informed of developments west of the Indus; the arrival of Burnes at Thatta and a letter from Nawwab of Bahawalpur Amir Bahawal Khan ‘Abbasi III; the arrival of Captain Burnes in Hyderabad, his reception, and audiences with Nur Muhammad Khan, and Burnes' subsequent departure for the court of Mir Rustam Khan Talpur at Khairpur; the arrival of the Commander-in-Chief Sir Henry Fane for the wedding of Kanvar Nau Nihal Singh, and General Jean-François Allard at the court of Ranjit Singh as an Agent of the French Government; the letters of Amir Dust Muhammad Khan Barakza’i to Captain Wade and the Governor-General; the letters of Maharaja Ranjit Singh to Rae Gobind Jas and Captain Wade on Nau Nihal Singh's wedding; a personal letter from British Ambassador to France Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Granville, to the Governor-General on the appointment of General Allard as Agent of the French Government, and a minute by the Governor-General on Allard's position as French Chargé d'Affaires at Lahore; the observations of Envoy Extraordinary John McNeill on Perso-Afghan political relations; the British Ambassador to Persia Henry Ellis's recommendation of Afghan Ambassador Haji Husayn ‘Ali Khan Javanshir to Sir Robert Grant the Governor-General in Council of Bombay; a minute on the audience given by Governor-General Grant to Haji Husayn Ali Khan on 25 November 1836; the account of Captain Ranald MacDonald about Haji Husayn Ali Khan and his proceedings; the information provided by Captain Wade on Haji Husayn Ali Khan and his diplomatic activities; the Governor-General's reluctance to receive Haji Husayn Ali Khan based on the preceding reports; the establishment of agents in appropriate locations to advance British commercial interests and gather intelligence on Russian movements as part of Captain Burnes' mission, following reports from Colonel Francis Rawdon Chesney and former Ambassador to Russia William A'Court, 1st Baron Heytesbury.Physical description: 304 folios
46. The Enclosures to Secret Letter No. 9
- Description:
- Abstract: The assurances of the Maharaja of the Punjab Ranjit Singh that his forces would not invade Sindh without prior coordination between the governments, and his acceptance of British mediation in disputes with the Amirs of Sindh if pursued as discretely as possible, following discussions with the Political Agent in Ludhiana Captain Claude Martin Wade; the Political Agent in Sindh Colonel Henry Pottinger's messages to the Amir of Hyderabad Mir Nur Muhammad Khan Talpur clarifying the conditions of the withdrawal agreement with Ranjit Singh; the Maharaja's reluctance to grant an audience to, or dismiss the agents of the Amirs of Sindh; the Governor General George Eden, Lord Auckland’s empowerment of Captain Wade to discourage the exchange of letters and presents between Ranjit Singh and European leaders as far as possible; the account provided by Charles Masson of Amir Dust Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i's decision to confront the army of the Punjab following the capture of Jamrud by Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa; the instructions of William Hay Macnaghten to Assistant Political Resident at Kutch Captain Alexander Burnes, including on the preservation of peace in the countries between India and Persia, conveyance of information on the political and economic conditions of those countries, the recent relations of those countries with Persia and the agents involved in conducting those relations, and the possible effects of a Persian expedition against the Amirate of Herat on those countries; an interview between the Afghan Ambassador Haji Husayn ‘Ali Khan Javanshir and Macnaghten, and the latter's subsequent recommendation that Haji Husayn ‘Ali Khan should not be received in audience by the Governor General, and should instead be compelled to leave Calcutta; the detailed account provided by Dr Wood of the Battle of Jamrud and the death of Hari Singh; the political relations of Amir Dust Muhammad Khan with the Ghilza‘i, Talpur, Safi and Mohmand, and the expedition of the King of Persia Muhammad Shah Qajar against the Amirate of Herat; the meetings of the envoys from the Amirs of Sindh with Diwan Sawan Mal Chopra and Kanvar Kharak Singh; the demand of Shah Shuja’ al-Mulk Saduza‘i from the Amirs of Sindh to surrender Shikarpur; the departure of Sardar Pir Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i with 700 horsemen for Peshawar; the instructions of Captain Wade to Mr Masson to dispatch two decent 'emissaries' to the Amirates of Herat and Bukhara to obtain authentic intelligence about their political conditions; the deputation of Lieutenant Frederick Mackeson to join Captain Burnes on his mission to Kabul; permission for the naturalist Dr Hugh Falconer to accompany Lieutenant Mackeson to Kashmir; an invitation from Amir Bahawal Khan ‘Abbasi III to Captain Burnes to visit him at Ahmadpur; the mode for the conveyance of presents to Ranjit Singh on the occasion of his grandson’s wedding; the payment for a consignment of arms imported by General Jean-François Allard into the Punjab; the departure of a number of French officers from France with the intention of serving Ranjit Singh; the application of French officer Captain Auguste Lafont to cross the border into Punjab; the career of the French drill instructor Captain Benoit de Argoud in France, Egypt and the Punjab; the meetings held between Captain Burnes, the Amirs Mir Rustam Khan Talpur, Mir Mubarak Khan Talpur, Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur, and the Vizier Fath’ Muhammad Khan Ghuri at Khairpur; the current rumours about the robe of honour granted by Muhammad Shah Qajar to Shir Muhammad Khan Hazara, the departure of Kamran Shah Saduza‘i on an expedition against Qandahar, and that of Muhammad Sadiq Khan Barakza‘i to confront the forces of Kamran Shah at Girishk; a letter from Dust Muhammad Khan to Captain Burnes welcoming the latter's deputation to Kabul; the payment of debts incurred by Dr James Gerard on his return from Persia via Afghanistan; the appointment of a Punjabi official to accompany Captain Burnes and Lieutenant Mackeson to Attock; the advance of the Khalsa Army under General Allard and General Jean-Baptiste Ventura, and withdrawal of Sardar Muhammad Akbar Khan Barakza‘i and the Afghan Army to the Khyber Pass; the policy of Government to encourage a reconciliation between Ranjit Singh and Dust Muhammad Khan and thus prevent a possible alliance between Qajar Persia and Barakza‘i Afghanistan; the journey of Lieutenant Eldred Pottinger from Kutch State to Shikarpur, and Kalat through Darrah-yi Mulla, return to the Gundava Plains through the Bolan Pass, and progress towards Qandahar; the negotiations with the Amirs of Sindh for the establishment of a British Residency at Hyderabad; the commercial agreement between the Political Agent in Sindh and the government of Hyderabad; and the decision of Maharaja Ranjit Singh to conclude a peace settlement with Amir Dust Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i.Physical description: 343 folios
47. Draft journal of Lewis Pelly's journey from Kuwait to Riyadh and back
- Description:
- Abstract: The journal contains entries for each day of Lewis Pelly's journey and records the exact distances travelled each day and the amount of time required to cover the distance. Where possible longitudes and latitudes have been recorded using the North Star and Rigil to determine them along with the altitude at various points.Pelly gives detailed descriptions of everywhere he travels through on his journey including the names of villages, towns, plains, hills and sand ranges, locations of wells, numbers of huts and residences, the landscape and geography of the Nejd [Najd] country with pencil sketches to accompany (folios 3,4,14 and 16) and where the river beds occur and which directions these landmarks run in. There are also accounts of the caravans and other travellers encountered including an account of a group of women who wished to buy the metal buttons and silk handkerchiefs of Mr Lucas, the interpreter and when he declined to sell them they cut the buttons off and pickpocketed the handkerchiefs.Folio 4a describes some of the specimens of wild flowers being collected along with some of the edible plants that the Bedouins make use of. Folio 6 documents the tribal structure of the Nejd and includes accounts of customs and traditions as well as the tributes paid to the Amir. Folio 10 explains the laws of inheritance in the country, the rules that men are governed by with regard to the number of wives they have and the fact that concubines are not permitted, the censuses that have been undertaken and the fact that women and children are not counted.On arrival at Riadh [Riyadh] Pelly describes his accommodation, the Amir's confidential secretary and meetings with him, the Nejd tribes disdain and dislike of Captain Jones, the former political resident whom they viewed as having done injury against them. On meeting with Amir Faisal ibn Torky [Faisal ibn Turki], the Imam, Pelly describes his age and physical features as well as his apparent character and nature before detailing their conversation which discussed Pelly's reasons for being there, the Amir's account of his own territory and the distinctions he draws between religious and political warfare. Also discussed are his attitudes and opinions on the situation with Muscat and his view that it is a tributary of the Nejd.Further entries in the journal describe a private meeting with the Imam in which the telegraph lines being extended throughout the Gulf are discussed along with the Imam's experiences of establishing a postal line between Egypt and Nejd and the British Government's policy with regards to the East. There is also a detailed conversation about Nejd horses focusing in particular on the different colourings and varieties that exist. There are also references to slave cruising: however, they are contained within a portion of the journal which is difficult to decipher as the pencil has faded badly.Further conversations recorded in the journal with the private secretary of the Imam revolve around the Amir's attempts to secure a treaty to permit the Oman Arabs at Soor [Sur] to be exempt from punishments for piracy and in return the British would receive a guarantee of protection for telegraphic communications. The journal also records the journey back to Koweit [Kuwait], for which many of the entries are similar to those of the journey to Riyadh. Additional references which are recorded include the fact that Lieutenant Dawes had sketched the Imam and Riyadh at Pelly's request, some notes about the traditions of the Selaibee tribe and the significance of their coats as part of their coming of age rituals, and references to the climate, temperature and quality of air.Physical description: Foliation: This file has been foliated in the front top right hand corner of each page with a pencil number enclosed in a circle.Condition: Folio 25 appears to have come away from the booklet resulting in some missing pieces of text in the first paragraph. Folio 26: the pencil writing has faded badly making some passages illegible.
48. Drafts of memoranda and reports on Lewis Pelly's journey to Riyadh
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains memorandums, draft reports, notes and sketches made by Lewis Pelly during his visit to Kuwait and journey to Riyadh January to March 1865.These papers include a history of the Shatt al-Arab watercourse; the history of the Sebaih tribe of Qatif; notes relating to questions of sun and fire worship; a description of the coastline from al-Qatif to Kuwait and onward journey to Riyadh; notes on Muhammad ibn Sa'ud and Faisal ibn Turki al-Sa'ud; and notes on trade between Kuwait and inland Nejd [Najd]. Some of the contents of these papers were used in the reports Lewis Pelly submitted to the Government of Bombay on his journey.Two cover notes (folios 1 and 1A) are also included in the file and relate to reports written by Lewis Pelly, copies of which can be found in the Political Department Library - only one report is named, Pelly's Riadh [Ryiadh] report. The two notes are dated 14 July 1927.Physical description: Foliation: The contents of the file have been foliated using a pencil number, enclosed in a circle, located in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. A small number of the folios have been renumbered, with the numbers formerly in use crossed through.Foliation anomaly: 1, 1AThe following folio needs to be folded out to be read: 77