Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence, minutes and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, letters from the governments of Bombay [Mumbai], Madras [Chennai] and Bengal. The item is principally concerned with the news that Syed Syeed bin Sultan [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd], the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat, has signed a Treaty with the United States of America. In particular the item relates to:Discussions by the above governments as to whether the Imaum has broken existing treaties with the British by signing this new treatyThe Imaum's offer to amend or break the treaty with the Americans if the British are displeased, and his offer of a vessel, the
Liverpool, to the King of England [King of the United Kingdom] as a presentThe Imaum's 'complaints' that the British take a long time to reply to his correspondence and also do not support him against his enemiesFurther news that a French frigate has arrived at Zanzibar with the object of negotiating new treaties with the Imaum.The item includes a report (folios 34-52) by Captain Henry Hart, commanding HMS
Imogene, on his dealings with the Imaum at Zanzibar. The report contains information on the Imaum's power, influence and trade in his dominions and neighbouring territories (notably Madagascar), as well as details of the treaty with the USA.As well as a copy of the treaty with the USA (folios 52-55), the item also includes copies of treaties between the Imaum of Muscat's predecessor, Syeed Sultan [Sayyid Sulṭān bin Ahmad Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and the East India Company signed in 1798 (folios 16-17) and 1800 (folio 18).In addition to numerous secretaries to the above governments, other correspondents include: William Henry Wathen and A N Shaw, successive Persian Secretaries to the Government of Bombay; Vice Admiral Sir John Gore, Naval Commander in Chief; Lord William Cavendish Bentinck, Governor General; Captain Henry Hart, HMS
Imogene; and Captain Hanway Plumbridge, HMS
Magicienne.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 1453 Draft 267. 1835.’ and 'Examiner's Office 1835'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 4, and terminates at f 83, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. It is the first in a series of seven items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2014/89997, 89998, 89999, 90000, 90001, and 90002).The item concerns:A possible mistranslation and misinterpretation of Article Three of the General Treaty with the Arab Tribes of the Persian Gulf of 1822An increase in the trade in enslaved people in ZanzibarIndividual cases of emancipationThe possibility of issuing a general proclamation to emancipate all enslaved people found on vessels that do not belong to nations which have a special arrangement about slavery.The papers which were enclosed in the letters are in the other volumes in the series. The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 666, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4079, [18]43’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 146, and terminates at f 164, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of nine items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2087/96921, IOR/F/4/2087/96922, IOR/F/4/2087/96923, IOR/F/4/2087/96924, IOR/F/4/2087/96925, IOR/F/4/2087/96926, IOR/F/4/2087/96927, and IOR/F/4/2087/96928).The item concerns:The acquittal of Ali bin Abdulla [‘Alī bin ‘Abdullāh], the supercargo of the
Aden Merchanton a charge of trading enslaved peopleThe release of enslaved people at MuscatThe prohibition of selling enslaved people at MuscatThe translation of the Moresby TreatyEnslaved people liberated from Zanzibar, Muscat, and Bahrein [Bahrain]The treaties prohibiting the sale of Somalis, agreed to by the Arab tribesThe agreement between Bourbon [Réunion] and the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd] to import free labourers into Bourbon.The item contains a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 290/45, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4760’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 797 and terminates at f 809, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; the Court of Directors of the East India Company; the Foreign Office; the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd]. It is the first in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85479 and IOR/F/4/1959/85480). The enclosures to the letters are contained in the following items.The item concerns:The rescue of enslaved children and their subsequent placement in households or in a trade at Aden or Bombay, or their return homeThe prevalence of the trade in enslaved people at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] and ZanzibarDiscussions of how frequently women and children were kidnapped from India and enslaved and sold at Zanzibar, and whether the Imaum of Muscat’s ships were involvedDiscussions of how involved the Imaum of Muscat was in importing enslaved people to IndiaThe difficulties of enforcing treaties abolishing the trade in enslaved people, and in persuading the Imaum of Muscat to agree to such treatiesThe system of importing free labourers from Zanzibar to Mauritius and the British attempts to persuade the Imaum not to permit this system because it was often used to perpetuate slaveryThe case of the
Joshua Carroll, a ship seized by the British on suspicion of it being a slaving ship, and the claims of the company which chartered it that it was engaged in legitimate trade to transfer free labourers to MauritiusThe request of the Nawaub of Sucheen [Nawab of Sachin, Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan I] that the British return a dancing girl whom he had accused of theft and who had taken refuge at SuratAttempts of Neer Nusseer Khan of Sinde [Amir Nasir Khan Talpur] to persuade the British to pardon one of his officials who had been imprisoned for attempting to import nine children on his behalf.Affairs of the English brig
Maria:Captain Turner’s apology for confining one of the Imaum’s seaman in the
MariaThe false accusation of mate of the
Mariaof murderThe Imaum’s attempt to use the
Mariato obtain the inheritance of a man who died at Tamatava [Toamasina, Madagascar].The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 530 and terminates at f 694, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of six items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2066/94847, IOR/F/4/2066/94848, IOR/F/4/2066/94849, IOR/F/4/2066/94850, and IOR/F/4/2066/94851).The item concerns:The kidnapping of children from the territory of the Nizam of Hyderabad [Mir Farkhunda ‘Ali Khan]The rescue of enslaved Indians from Muscat and Judda [Jeddah]Anti-slavery proclamations of the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa’id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa’id]The cases of individuals accused of importing enslaved people into Muscat and India.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 873, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4548, [Season 18]44’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 316 and terminates at f 338, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; Philip LeGeyt, the Senior Magistrate of Police at Bombay; the Government of India; Captain Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, British Political Agent at Aden. It is the second in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85478 and IOR/F/4/1959/85480).The item concerns:Instructions to magistrates concerning cases of enslaved women seeking asylum in British territories, including descriptions of individual cases, and details of one case where the Nawab of Sucheen [Nawab of Sachin, Ibrahim Mahomed Yakut Khan I] demanded the return of a dancing girl, claiming that she had stolen from himReports on the extent of the trade in enslaved people at Dieu [Diu] and GoaThe proclamation of the Raja of Suttara [Satara] that the buying or selling of enslaved people in his territory is illegalThe arrival of a Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] boat at Muscat suspected of having on board kidnapped Somalee [Somali] girlsDetails of twenty children who were shipwrecked on their way from Maculla [Al Mukalla] to Judda [Jeddah] to be sold; the subsequent situations found for the children in Aden and BombayThree stowaway boys from Muscat found on board the
Orwelland the
Hugh Lindsayand their subsequent positionsTwo boys found at Tannah [Thune] who claimed to have been brought from Aden by a Portuguese man to Bombay who later abandoned themThree Indian girls who were rescued from slavery by the Native Agent at Muscat, Rubik bin Uslan [Aslan]; the circumstances of their kidnapping from India; their return to IndiaInvestigations about the prevalence of the kidnapping of Indian women and girls to be sold at Zanzibar, the importation of enslaved people into Bombay, and the involvement of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sulṭan Al Bu Sa‘id]The importation of enslaved people from the coast of Africa to Zanzibar, and from Zanzibar to the Persian GulfProposal of measures to eliminate the trade in enslaved people.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 695 and terminates at f 866, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item contains graphic descriptions of slavery.This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, British Political Agent at Aden; Khojah Reuben, Native Agent at Muscat; the Government of India; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat on a mission to Zanzibar; Captain Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the third in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85478 and IOR/F/4/1959/85479).The item concerns:British proposals of methods to end the trade in enslaved people and potential political and practical consequences of these methodsThe extent of slavery and the trade in enslaved people at Zanzibar and India, and the involvement of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sulṭan Al Bu Sa‘id] and his shipsThe kidnap and sale of women from IndiaThe involvement of individuals in the Persian Gulf in the trade in enslaved peopleThe difficulties of determining the nationality of crews and ships for the purpose of applying pre-existing treaties which limit the trade in enslaved peopleThe case of the
Kallah Kassaim[
Qal'ah Qasim], which transported enslaved people while flying British colours and subsequently changed to flying the Imam of Muscat’s flag, including copies of her licence and passThe importation of enslaved people into Shargah [Sharjah] and the non-cooperation of Sultan bin Suggur [Shaikh Sultan I bin Saqr al-Qasimi, Shaikh of Ra’s al-Khaymah] in resolving this matter; the eventual release of four Soomalee [Somali] women, the circumstances of their enslavement, and their return to BerberaA dispute between Sultan bin Suggur and Khalifa bin Shaikboot [Shaikh Khalifah bin Shakhbut Al Nahyan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi] involving each of them plundering the other's territoryRelations between British and American citizens at Zanzibar and the influence of their respective officials over the Imam of MuscatThe arrival of Her Majesty’s sloop of war
Lilyat Zanzibar, and her seizure of the
Joshua Carrollon suspicion of her being equipped to carry enslaved peopleThe trade in enslaved people at Berbera and the possibility of its suppression.The item includes letters sent by the Imam of Muscat to Queen Victoria, Lord Aberdeen [George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen], and Lord Palmerston [John Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston] requesting that they modify their plans for the suppression of the trade in enslaved people (ff 210-219).The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 4 and terminates at f 220, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Samuel Hennell, the Resident in the Persian Gulf; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Consul in the Dominion of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat; and Rubiel bin Uslan [Reuben bin Aslan], British Agent at Muscat. It is the sixth in a series of six items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2066/94846, IOR/F/4/2066/94847, IOR/F/4/2066/94848, IOR/F/4/2066/94849, and IOR/F/4/2066/94850).The item concerns:The case of ‘Ali Abdulla, supercargo of the
Aden Merchant, who was accused of buying an enslaved boy in AdenThe effect at Zanzibar of recent proclamations of the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd] about the trade in enslaved peopleThe responsibility for the enforcement of the order of the Imaum prohibiting the sale of enslaved people to, or their purchase from, British subjectsThe attempts of Rubiel bin Uslan and Hennell to liberate five enslaved Indian subjects at Muscat, and correspondence with the Imaum of Muscat and the Acting Governor of Muscat, Syud Thooenee bin Sueed [Sayyid Thuwainī bin Sa'īd Āl Bū Sa'īd] on the subjectA plan to reunite an Indian girl rescued from slavery in Muscat with her friends in Moradabad.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 73, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4548, [Season 18]44’, ‘Collection No 1 of No 45’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 478 and terminates at f 547, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, minutes, and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The principal correspondents are the Government of Bombay; the Governor of Mauritius, Robert Farquhar; Captain Fairfax Moresby of HMS
Menai.The item concerns the abolition of the slave trade and particularly the negotiations, treaties, and agreements about the slave trade with the following: Radama, the King of Madagascar; the Haukim [Hakim] of Zanzibar, Sueed Ukburee [Sa’īd Akbari]; the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat and Oman [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; the Governor of Bourbon [Réunion], Pierre Bernard Milius.The item describes the treaty Farquhar concluded with Radama, the King of Madagascar, who signed it on 11 October 1820, agreeing to prohibit the sale and exportation of slaves from Madagascar, and stop the attacks on the King of Johanna [Anjouan].There is a discussion of the legal issues of the French and British capturing each other’s ships with slaves on board, including the British captures of
LeSuccesand
L’Eleanore, and the French captures of
Espoirand
Favorite, with a discussion of the
Amediecase from 1810. The possibility of the French forming depots at Providence and St Marie, Madagascar is also mentioned, as is the accidental seizure of two of the Imaum’s ships by the
Psyche.The main focus of the item is the treaty Moresby negotiated with the Imaum of Muscat in 1822, whereby the Imaum agreed that no slave should be sold to Christians from his territory, including Zanzibar, and that vessels carrying the Imam’s flag might be seized if they were carrying slaves east of the Moresby line (the line from Cape Delgado to Diu). The British were allowed to establish agents in the Imaum’s territory to enforce the treaty.The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Political No. 12, Draft 496, P.C. 154, [Season] 1823/4’ and ‘Examiner’s Office 1823’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 18, and terminates at f 187, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. It is the fifth in a series of seven items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2014/89996, 89997, 89998, 89999, 90001, and 90002). The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Atkins Hamerton, Her Majesty’s Consul and Agent in the dominions of His Highness the Imam of Muscat; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden.This item concerns:Hamerton’s observations of the increase in the slave trade at ZanzibarHaines’s report of his rescue of a young enslaved girl named Shockowar at Aden, who had been conveyed there by Hadj Abdulla [Ḥājjī ‘Abdullāh al-Ḥabashī].The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 666, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4079, [Season 18]43’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 234 and terminates at f 242, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This panoramic view of the waterfront in Zanzibar is composed of five joined albumen prints. Taken from an elevated position, this view looks out onto the harbour, with the dhow fleet at anchor from centre to right of the image and several British naval vessels at left.In the middle- and foreground to the right stone-built fortifications enclose an area occupied by palm-frond and wooden structures. At far right and far left flag-staffs may indicate the presence of British colonial buildings.Immediately right of centre three cannon point out to sea from the quayside. Several flat-roofed buildings occupy the foreground at the centre of the image while at left of centre a large warehouse-like structure dominates the middle-ground. At far left stands a white-washed, crenellated building.The image is captioned, dated and signed in pencil on the reverse of the leftmost image by Sir John Kirk, who was British Consul General in Zanzibar at this time.Inscriptions:Verso, in pencil: 'Zanzibar 1875 - J Kirk'Below image, in pen: 'Zanzibar'Physical description: Dimensions:126 x 985 mm[R‒L: 126 x 204 mm; 126 x 191 mm; 126 x 176 mm; 126 x 201 mm; 126 x 204 mm]Format:Albumen print on paper, backed and jointed with linenCondition:The prints are in good condition with minor surface dirt throughout. The furthermost print on the right is stained heavily in the sky area, likely due to the influence of the paste underneath. The furthermost print to the left is severely creased, particularly at left. The print second from left is heavily toned in the left of the image. All other images are also creased, near or at the joints.Foliation:‘120’Process:Albumen print
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; Captain Atkins Hamerton, Her Majesty’s Consul and Honourable Company’s Agent in the dominions of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat; Reuben bin Aslan, East India Company's Agent at Muscat; Mirza Reza, East India Company's Agent at Shiraz. It is the third in a series of seven items on affairs of the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/2077/95829, IOR/F/4/2077/95830, IOR/F/4/2077/95832, IOR/F/4/2077/95833, IOR/F/4/2077/95834, and IOR/F/4/2077/95835).The item concerns:Disturbances at Shiraz caused by an attempt to oust the current Governor of Fars, Ameer Mirza Nubbee Khan [Amir Divan Mirza Nabī Khan Qazwīnī]Preparation for a tour of the Gulf to be made by Lieutenant Arnold Burrows Kemball, Assistant Resident in the Persian GulfReports of the movements of Syud Thooenee [Sayyid Thuwainī bin Sa'īd Āl Bū Sa'īd] at MuscatRepairs to the
Futhool Moobarukat Muscat, the subsequent loss of her cargo through shipwreck, and its recoveryReports of vessels from Bombay and Cutch [Kachchh] trading under British colours without the appropriate passes, and measures taken to deal with them.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 78, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4624, [Season 18]45’, ‘Collection No 8 of No 40’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 190 and terminates at f 227, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.