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1. '['Pre-Emption'] Agreement... between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom... and Petroleum Development (Oman and Dhofar) Limited'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file is concerned with a 'pre-emption' agreement between the British Government and Petroleum Development (Oman and Dhofar) Limited, which relates to the commercial agreement obtained by the petroleum company for drilling for oil in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and the district of Dhofar, and to the political agreement the company later made with the British Government (see IOR/L/PS/18/B470 for further details). This particular agreement is relevant in the event of a state of national emergency or war; it states that His Majesty's Government should have the right of pre-emption of all oil produced in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, excluding Gwadur. The full terms and conditions of this statement are fully outlined in the document.It is signed by Leonard Day Wakely, Deputy Under-Secretary of State for India, on behalf of the Government and witnessed by Sir Alexander Colin Burlington Symon, the Assistant Principal for the Political Department in the India Office. It is also sealed by the petroleum company.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 2; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
2. 'MEMORANDUM (a) The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. (b) His Highness Sultan Saiyid Said bin Taimur.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a memorandum in two parts. The first part provides information about the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman in eight sections, entitled, 'Territory', 'Historical', 'Physical Features', 'Climate', 'Population', 'Products and Trade', 'Religion' and 'Government'. The second part describes and gives a brief biography of His Highness Sultan Saiyid Said bin Taimur, and outlines the extent of British influence upon him.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
3. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1866'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the years 1865-66. The letters are dated 8 November 1865-28 November 1866. The abstracts are numbered 1-111 and each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from the (Political) Resident at AdenAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from the Assistant Resident at Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, Oman, Aden, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and the coast of East Africa, and covers the following subjects:Revenue and expenditurePublic works and transportation, including railways, roads, schools, canals, museums, ports, and jailsPay, pensions, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsCommunications, including postal services and telegraph networksCultivation of cottonReform of the administration of Kattywar [Kathiawar]Proposed reduction of the European army in British IndiaLanguage qualification requirements for officers in the Indian ArmyPoor morale in the British Indian Army following the Indian RevoltFamine in Bengal and Madras, and Government efforts to improve conditionsDisposal and re-use of captured and damaged weaponsPurchase of ships for Government of India useImportation of horses from England to improve Indian Army’s breeding stockVaccination programmes in Bombay and MadrasProceedings of Indian courts, including judgements issued by High CourtsAlleged mismanagement at the Bank of Bombay, and debate regarding Government oversight of the Bank’s activitiesThe foreign relations of the Government of India, including with Bootan [Bhutan], Persia [Iran], Khotan [Hotan], Affghanistan [Afghanistan], Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Zanzibar, Muscat, Turkey [Ottoman Empire], and Acheen [Aceh, Indonesia]Events in the Princely States, including successions, adoptions, the establishment of regencies, and warnings to rulers regarding mismanagementBorder disturbances on the North-West Frontier, and British military expeditions in responseCivil war in AffghanistanA diplomatic mission to the Emperor of Abyssinia and negotiations for the release of European prisonersVisit of the Sultan of Zanzibar to BombayRebellion against the King of Burma [also known today as Myanmar] led by his sons at MandalayReported ‘cruelties’ carried out by Turkish Government authorities against Indian pilgrims in MeccaDutch activity in Assahan [Asahan], Siam [Thailand], and Acheen [Aceh]Russian activity in Bokhara [Emirate of Bukhara], including the capture of Samarcund [Samarkand]British financial and military support for the Sultan of Muscat against Wahabee [Wahhābī] neighboursEvents in Muscat and Oman, including: the death of the Sultan of Muscat Syud Thoweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] and allegations that this death occurred on the orders of his son, Syud Salim [Sayyid Sālim bin Thuwaynī Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; refusal by the British to recognize Syud Salim as Sultan; and the seizure of Muscat’s ‘principal fort’ by Syud Salim’s uncle, Syud Torkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]Raiding by and military expeditions against the Foodlee [Faḍlī] tribe, including the British destruction of the village of Shugra [Shukrah]Proposed recruitment of an Arab cavalry force at AdenConstruction of defensive structures at AdenBritish naval bombardment of Wahabee coastal fortsBritish attacks on Soor [Sur], Katiff [Al Qatif] and Fort Damaum [Dammam]Appointment of additional assistants to the Persian Gulf Political StaffAnti-slavery actions by British vessels near ZanzibarUse of slave labour by British firms in ZanzibarRumours of survivors from the shipwrecked vessel St Abbs, and efforts by the Political Agent at Zanzibar to locate them in Somalia.A detailed index of subjects, places and people mentioned in the correspondence is included on folios 340-351.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Governor-General of IndiaThe Government of BombayThe Resident at AdenThe Political Agent at Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 354; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains two original pagination sequences between ff 4-339, and ff 340-351.
4. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1867'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1867. The letters are dated November 1866-December 1867. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters receivedAbstracts of Secret Letters received from the Resident at AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Colonel Merewether, Commanding Abyssinian Reconnoitering Force.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Famine in Madras and Bengal Provinces, in particular Orissa [Odisha], and a subsequent enquiry into the handling of the Orissa famine by British officialsPublic works, including railways, irrigation, roads, docks, lighthouses, navigational locks, and land reclamationPay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishments, including the employment of ‘Natives’ in the Civil administrationIssues concerning Princely States, including: issues of succession; pensions; local administration; land claims; extradition treaties; debts; subsidies for railway passage; an attempt to overthrow the Rajah of Munnipore [Manipur] [Raja Chandrakirti Singh] by exiled Munnipooree [Manipuri] revolutionaries; the disarming of the Maharaja Scindia’s forces; and the proposed deposition of the Nawab of Tonk [Nawāb Muḥammad ‘Alī Khān]Issues concerning the Indo-European Telegraph, including negotiations with the Governments of Persia [Iran] and Bagdad [Baghdad] for overland telegraph routesLand issues, including: plantations of cash crops such as cotton, cinchona, and tea; the sale of ‘waste lands’; forestry; land revenue settlements; and tenant rightsRevenue and expenditure, with tables for the financial years 1865-66 and 1866-67 and estimates for the financial year 1867-68Judicial affairsEducationFinanceIssues concerning emigration from India to French coloniesMilitary affairs, including: the supply, transport, and accommodation of troops; sanitation; proposed deployments of Indian troops in the Straits Settlements and China; the deployment of a local counterinsurgency force in Kattywar [Kathiawar]; and claims of military units on ‘prize money’ [property looted by British forces] consequent to service in the ‘Mutiny’ [Indian Uprising of 1857]The murder of British ships’ crews on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and proposed retaliatory expeditionsFrontier affairs, including: a campaign against the Hussun Kheyl Afreedies [Ḥassan Khel clan of the Afrīdī tribe] on the Northwest Frontier; raids and fortifications on the frontiers of Punjab and Sind [Sindh]; and frontier policy in Beloochistan [Baluchistan]Civil conflict in Affghanistan [Afghanistan] between the Ameer Shere Ali [Amīr Shīr ‘Alī Khān] and Mahomed Ufzal Khan [Amīr Muḥammad Afẓal Khān], and suspected Persian designs on the countryAffairs in the Persian Gulf, including the seizure of a ship from Bahrein [Bahrain] by Colonel Lewis Pelly, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and subsequent protest from Persia; the presence of Turkish [Ottoman] warships in the Gulf; proposed deployments of ships to combat the slave trade; the relations of the Chief [Shaikh] of Bahrein with the Wahabee [Wahhābī movement]; and complaints from the British India Steam Navigation Company concerning trade embargoes on some products by Persian authoritiesAffairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, in particular attempts by Syud Toorkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd] to capture MuscatAffairs in and around Aden Settlement, including conflict with the Foodlee [Faḍlī Sultanate] and Turkish [Ottoman] attempts to make Mukalla and Shehur [Ash Shihr] tributaryAffairs in Zanzibar, including slavery, the construction of a new capital in Dhar Salaam [Dar es Salam] by the Sultan, and reports of the death of the missionary Dr David LivingstoneThe imprisonment of British and other nationals by Emperor Theodorus [Tewodros II] of Abyssinia [Ethiopia] in the context of civil conflict in the country, and preparations for a British expedition to Abyssinia. Includes reports from an advance mission by Colonel William Mereweather, Commanding Officer of the Abyssinia Reconnoitering Force, to identify an invasion route for the expeditionAffairs in Burmah [Myanmar/Burma], including trade relations and customs duties, civil unrest in and around Mandalay and the flight of Burmese princes to India; proposed roads or railways to China; and a Burmese mission to France to conclude commercial agreements and acquire weaponsThe annexation of three districts of Cochin China [Vietnam] by FranceAffairs in Central Asia, in particular the Russian advance; a request from the Ameer [Amir] of Bokhara [Bukhara] for British support against Russia; and insecurity in Eastern Toorkistan [Xinjiang] following the capture of Khotan [Hotan] by Kokandee [Kokandi] raidersThe primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Government of BengalThe Government of MadrasThe Government of BombayThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident in AdenThe Political Agent in ZanzibarColonel William Mereweather, Commanding Officer of the Abyssinia Reconnoitering Force.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 338; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
5. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1869'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1869. The letters are dated December 1868-December 1869. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from AdenAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and AdenAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from ZanzibarAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire [Bushehr]Abstracts of Letters received from Muscat and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from MuscatAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and MuscatAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire, Muscat and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and Bushire.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Pay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsRevenue, expenditure, and taxationFood shortagesPublic works, including railways, roads, irrigation, and harboursBanking and financeTelegraphyCholera outbreaksIssues concerning Princely States, including: allowances; debt; succession; internal administration; and the slave trade in KutchLegal issues, including the question of British jurisdiction in occupied Bassadore [Basa’idu] arising from the case of a murder committed by a British subjectLand issues, including the cultivation of cash crops such as cinchona, indigo, and tea, and the sale of ‘waste lands’Issues around emigration from India to British and French coloniesMilitary affairs, including the reorganisation, accommodation, and supply of military unitsFrontier policy and relations with tribes on the Northwest and Northeast Frontiers; in particular frontier raids and retaliatory expeditions, including the destruction and pillage by British forces of Shahtoot [Shahtut] village on the Northwest FrontierThe Russian advance in Central Asia; related discussions around British policy in the Northwest Frontier, Cabul [Kabul], and Persia [Iran]; and restrictions on trade from India to Central AsiaCommunications and trade with Ladakh and Cashmere [Kashmir] and on to Central AsiaAffairs in Affghanistan [Afghanistan], including challenges to the rule of the Ameer Shere Ali [Amīr Shīr ‘Alī Khān], internal reforms, a meeting between the Ameer Shere Ali and the Viceroy of India in Umballa [Ambala], and the presence of rival Sirdars [Sardārs, noblemen] in IndiaAffairs in and around Aden Settlement, including: relations with neighbouring polities, including Lahej [Laḥij Sultanate], Fodthlee [Faḍlī Sultanate], Houshebi [Ḥawshabī Sultanate], and Maculla [Mukalla]; water supply to Aden; the purchase of Little Aden; and attempted French inroads in the areaCivil conflict in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, in particular the capture of Muscat by Azan-bin-Ghes Azzān bin Qays Āl Bū Sa‘īd], the consolidation of and challenges to the rule of Azan-bin-Ghes; the effect of the change in regime on the lease of Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ‘Abbas]; a conflict between Muscat and the Wahabees [Waḥabī movement] at Bereymee [Al Buraymi]; and debates around British policy in the countryAffairs in the Persian Gulf, including an attack by Shargah [Sharjah] on Rasul-Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah] and civil conflict in Bahrein [Bahrain]Relations with Persia, including: Persian objections to British actions in Bahrein; trade restrictions in the Gulf ports; frontier disputes around Khelat [Kalat], Seistan [Sistan], and Mekran [Makran] and the need to determine the eastern border of Persia; and the opium trade between Persia and ChinaAffairs in Zanzibar, including: the slave trade; the issue of subsidy payments to Muscat; and the Sultan of Zanzibar’s reaction to events in MuscatAffairs in East Africa, including the proposed occupation of Asab [Assab] Bay, French activity on Mohilla [Mohéli], affairs in Abbysinia [Ethiopia], and relations with Somali tribesAffairs in Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], Siam [Thailand], Nipal [Nepal], and Bhootan [Bhutan]The annexation of the Nicobar Islands.The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident at AdenThe Political Resident in the Persian GulfThe Political Agent in MuscatThe Political Agent in Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 388; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
6. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1870'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1870. The letters are dated December 1869-December 1870. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and MuscatAbstracts of Letters received from AdenAbstracts of Letters received from MuscatAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire [Bushehr]Abstracts of Letters received from Aden and ZanzibarAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Pay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsPublic works, including: railways, including a proposed railway from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf; roads; canals; irrigation; docks; and river embankmentsRevenue, expenditure, and taxationLand issues, including: the cultivation of cotton, cinchona, and silk; forestry; and coal miningEducationBankingTelegraphy, including international telegraphic links to IndiaAffairs concerning Princely States, including internal administration, debts, allowances, issues of succession, investment in railways, and territorial claimsIssues around emigration from India to British and French coloniesLegislative and judicial affairs, including the question of jurisdiction over British subjects in the Persian GulfMilitary affairs, including the organisation and supply of military units and a proposed naval force for the Indian seas and the Persian GulfFrontier affairs: relations with tribes on the Northwest and Northeast Frontiers and frontier raidsAffairs in Persia [Iran], including: Persian claims to sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain] and objection to British actions in Bahrein; frontier disputes around Khelat [Kalat], Mekran [Makran], and Seistan [Sistan] and proposed arbitration of the Persian-Afghan border; anticipated food shortages and subsequent disturbances involving British subjects exporting grain from BushireAffairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, including: the consolidation of and challenges to the rule of Syud Azan [Azzān bin Qays Āl Bū Sa‘īd]; debates around British policy towards Syud Azan; confrontation between Muscat and the Wahabees [Waḥabī movement]; the issue of the Zanzibar subsidy; and Syud Azan’s claims to Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ‘Abbas], Gwadur [Gwadar], Charbar [Chabahar] and other territories on the Mekran CoastAffairs in the Persian Gulf, including: the campaign of Colonel Lewis Pelly in Bahrein and the installation of Esau bin Ali [‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah] as Ruler; trade and shipping in the Gulf; the desire of the Shah of Persia for a naval presence in the Gulf; Dutch and Turkish [Ottoman] activity in the region; and tensions between Bahrein and the Wahabees, including Wahabee inroads in the Guttur peninsula [Qatar]Affairs in Affghanistan [Afghanistan], including relations with Bokhara [Emirate of Bukhara] and RussiaCentral Asian affairs, including the Russian advance in the region, trade and communication from India to Central Asia via Cashmere [Kashmir] and Ladak [Ladakh], and affairs in Eastern Turkestan [Xinjiang]Affairs in Zanzibar, including the slave trade, relations with Muscat, the death of Syud Majid [Mājid bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and the accession to the throne of Syud Burgash [Barghash bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd]Affairs in and around Aden Settlement, including: relations with neighbouring polities, including Lahej [Laḥij Sultanate], Houshebi [Ḥawshabī Sultanate], Fodtheli [Faḍlī Sultanate], and Kathiree [Kathīrī Sultanate]; the purchase of Little Aden; the defences of Aden; an attack on Hodeida [Al Hudaydah] from Aseer [‘Asir] and the threat to Lahej from the Zaidees [Zaidīs]Affairs in the Red Sea, including attempted French, Austrian, Turkish, and Egyptian inroads in the regionAffairs in Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], Bhootan [Bhutan], and Nipal [Nepal].The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident at AdenThe Political Resident in the Persian GulfThe Political Agent in MuscatThe Political Agent in Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 395; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
7. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1871'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1871. The letters are dated December 1870-December 1871. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire [Bushehr]Abstracts of Letters received from Aden and BushireAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from ZanzibarAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and BushireAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar, Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Secret Letters received from India.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Pay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsRevenue, expenditure, and taxationPublic works, including: roads; railways including proposed railways to Persia [Iran] and the head of the Persian Gulf; prisons; barracks; irrigation; canals; harbours; and land reclamationsIssues concerning Princely States, including: debts; allowances; internal administration; and police action on the borders of Marwar and Serohi [Sirohi]Land issues, including land revenue settlements and forestryTelegraphyIssues concerning emigration from India to British Guiana [Guyana], Grenada, Penang, and French coloniesMilitary affairs, including: the reorganisation, supply, accommodation, and discipline of military units; naval deployments; and harbour defences in Aden and BombayEducationBankingAffairs on the Northwest Frontier, including raids by the Wuzeerees [Wazīrī tribe] and frontier policy in Beloochistan [Baluchistan]Affairs on the Eastern [Northeast] Frontier, including: defensive arrangements; frontier defences in British-occupied Arracan [Rakhine] and Tenasserim [Tanintharyi] in Burmah [Myanmar/Burma]; raids on tea plantations in Cachar, Sylhet, Tipperah [Tripura], and Munnipore [Manipur] by members of the Looshai [Mizo] tribes; and arrangements for a military expedition against the LooshaiAffairs in Persia, including: frontier relations with Turkey [Ottoman Empire] and with Afghanistan concerning Seistan [Sistan]; trade issues in the Persian Gulf; famine and prohibitions on grain exportAffairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, in particular civil conflict leading to the accession of Syud Toorkee [Turkī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd] to the throne and potential threats to Syud Toorkee’s powerAffairs in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula, including: conflict in Nejd [Emirate of Najd, also written here as Nujd] between Saood [Sa’ūd bin Fayṣal Al Sa’ūd] and Abdullah [‘Abdullāh bin Fayṣal Al Sa’ūd]; a Turkish [Ottoman] expedition to Nejd, the Turkish occupation of Lahsa [Al Hasa], and the raising of the Turkish flag in Guttur [Qatar]; and the settlement of Odeyd [Khor al-Udayd], claimed by Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], by an independent tribeAffairs in and around Aden Settlement, including: the capture of Hodeida [Al Hudaydah] by the Aseeris [Emirate of ‘Asir]; relations with neighbouring polities, in particular Lahej [Laḥij Sultanate] and the Foodlees [Faḍlī Sultanate]; the security of roads; and suspected Turkish designs in YemenAffairs in Zanzibar, including the accession of Syud Burgash [Sayyid Barghash bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd] to the throne and his relations with Britain and Muscat and the slave tradeAffairs in East Africa, including suspected Turkish designs on Berbera and an attack on a British ship by the Majerteen [Mājertīn Sultanate]Civil conflict in Affghanistan [Afghanistan] between Yakoob Khan [Muḥammad Ya’qūb Khān] and the Ameer [Amīr Shīr ‘Alī Khān], the flight of refugees to India, and Russian overtures to the AmeerRelations with Burmah, including trade relations, proposed routes to China, and arms importsExploration of the route from Ladak [Ladakh] to Yarkund [Yarkant].The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident in AdenThe Political Resident in the Persian GulfThe Political Agent in Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 393; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
8. 'ABSTRACT OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1873'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1873. The letters are dated December 1872-December 1873. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Sir B FrereAbstracts of Letters received from AdenAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar, Bushire [Bushehr] and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Arrangements for preserving the historical records of the Government of IndiaJudicial affairs, including the detention of Kooka [Namdhari/Kuka Sikh] insurgents as political prisoners and the question of jurisdiction over British subjects in Persia [Iran] and the Persian GulfLand issues, including plantations of tea, cinchona, and opium poppy, exploration for coal deposits, and land revenue settlementsRevenue, expenditure, and taxationPay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsPublic works, including railways, canals and irrigationEducationTelegraphy, including international telegraphic links with IndiaAffairs concerning Princely States, including issues of succession, internal administration, the education of heirs, debts, and railwaysAnticipated famine in BengalIssues concerning emigration from India to British, French, and Dutch colonies, including the proposed emigration of Indian labourers to FijiMilitary affairs, including the organisation and supply of military unitsMilitary operations, including an expedition in the Garo Hills and counter-insurgency operations against the Moplahs [Mappilas] in MalabarAffairs in Persia, including: requests from the Persian Government for seconded Prussian and French army officers; frontier disputes between Persia and Turkey; the arbitration of the Mekran [Makran] and Seistan [Sistan] borders; a proposed railway from the Caspian Sea to Teheran [Tehran]Affairs in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula, including: conflict in Nejd [Emirate of Najd] between Saood [Sa’ūd bin Fayṣal Al Sa’ūd] and Abdullah [‘Abdullāh bin Fayṣal Al Sa’ūd]; the Turkish [Ottoman] occupation of Lahsa [Al Hasa] and suspected Turkish designs on the Gulf coast; and the slave tradeAffairs in and around Aden Settlement, in particular Turkish activity in the regionAffairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, in particular the consolidation of and challenges to the rule of the Sultan Syud Toorkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd]Affairs in Zanzibar, including the slave trade, the Zanzibar Subsidy to Muscat, and contact with the mission of Dr David Livingstone in Central AfricaAffairs in the Red Sea, including the illegal destruction of dhows by the British ship Thetisand suspected Egyptian designs on Berbera,Sir Bartle Frere’s mission to investigate the slave trade in East Africa, negotiations with the Sultans of Zanzibar and Muscat for treaties to suppress the slave trade, and recommendations for other anti-slavery measuresAffairs in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], including the administration of Reouf Pasha [Muḥammad Ra'ūf Pāshā], a steamer service operated by the British India Steam Navigation Company between Bussora [Basra] and Bagdad [Baghdad], and a prohibition on the export of Arab horsesAffairs in Central Asia, including: arbitration of the northern border of Affghanistan [Afghanistan]; discussions with Russia concerning spheres of influence in the region; affairs in Eastern Turkestan [Xinjiang] and the proposed expedition of Thomas Forsyth to Yarkund [Yarkant]; a Russian expedition against Khiva; the visit to India of envoys from Affghanistan and Bokhara [Bukhara]Affairs in Burmah [Burma/Myanmar]Affairs in Siam [Thailand], Nipal [Nepal], and Thibet [Tibet]The Panthay Rebellion in China.The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident at AdenThe Political Resident in the Persian GulfThe Political Agent in MuscatThe Political Agent in ZanzibarSir Bartle Frere.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 332; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
9. 'ABSTRACTS OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1868'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1868. The letters are dated 5 December 1867-11 December 1868.The abstracts are numbered 1-123 and each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Colonel Merewether, on Special Duty in AbyssiniaAbstracts of Letters received from AbyssiniaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence included in the volume concerns events in British India, Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], Affghanistan [Afghanistan], Persia [Iran], Zanzibar, Oman and Muscat, and Aden, and covers the following subjects:Pay, pensions, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsRevenue and expenditure, including income taxes, license taxes, disaster relief, and land revenue ratesCommunication, including postal services, and telegraph systemsPublic works and transportation, including railways, canals, roads, hospitals, ports, irrigation, jails, and lighthousesThe foreign relations of the Government of India, including with Persia, Burmah, Affghanistan , Muscat [Muscat and Oman], Abyssinia, and FranceEducation, including the Government of India’s support for use of vernacular languages in education, and financial support for female education in BombayBorder disturbances on the North-West FrontierEfforts by the British to repress ‘Wagheer outlaws’ in Kattywar [Kathiawar]Introduction of European freshwater fish into Indian waterwaysPayments, land grants, and tax reductions offered to British Indians for assisting the British during the Indian RevoltEvents in the Princely States, including British payments to rulers and ex-rulers, gifts sent to Queen Victoria, successions, visits of rulers to England, and the deposition of the Nawab of TonkProposals for the manufacturing of ordnance in IndiaProposals for the annexation of the Nicobar IslandsRescue of shipwreck survivors in the Andaman IslandsProposal for an expedition to the Andaman and Nicobar IslandsRussian activities in Affghanistan, Persia, and Bokhara [Emirate of Bukhara]Turkish [Ottoman] activities at Maculla [Mukalla] and Shehur [Ash-Shihr], YemenFrench activities in Burmah, China, and YemenCivil war in AffghanistanA British treaty with the King of Burmah, ratified 26 November 1867The progress of an exploratory expedition to Western ChinaOpium production and exportation to ChinaEmigration of ‘Coolies’ to French GuianaThe British expedition to AbyssiniaDiscussion of possible locations for a quarantine station in the Red SeaIncrease of the stipend paid to the Foodlee [Faḍlī] Sultan by the BritishPayments to the Abdalee [Abdalī] Ruler for his support of the British against the FoodleeDisputes concerning the payment of a subsidy from the Sultan of Zanzibar to the Sultan of MuscatDestruction of slave-trading vessels by the Sultan of ZanzibarNaval attacks by the Rulers of Bahrein [Bahrain] and Abuthaby [Abu Dhabi] on the inhabitants of Gattar [Qatar]Retaliatory attacks by the Ruler of Guttar [Qatar] against BahreinPunishment imposed by the British on the Rulers of Bahrein, Abuthaby, and Gattar for their ‘breach of the peace at sea’, including the deposition of Shaikh Mahomed bin Khalifeh [Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] of BahreinGrowing hostility between the Sultan of Lahej [Laḥij Sultanate] and the Sultan of Houshebi [Ḥawshabī Sultanate]Plans made by Syud Torkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] to take the Sultanate of Muscat while living on a British stipend in Bombay [Mumbai]Capture of Muscat and deposition of Sultan Syud Salim [Sayyid Sālim bin Thuwaynī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] by Azan bin Ghias [Imām ‘Azzān bin Qays]Proposals for the creation of a dedicated British naval force in the Persian GulfDisputes between Persia and Muscat concerning the lease of the island of Bunder Abbas [Bandar Abbas] and the ownership of the island of Angaum [Hengam]Proposal for the housing of the ‘Ming-Goon-Dine Prince’ [Prince Myingundaing of Burma] in Bhaugulpore [Bhagulpur] following an unsuccessful rebellion against the King of BurmaEscape from British custody and recapture of the ‘Myeng-Goon Prince’ [Prince Myingun of Burma]British ‘anti-piracy’ measures in the Mergui ArchipelagoOwnership of enslaved persons by British Indian subjects in ZanzibarAn embassy sent from Zanzibar to England to discuss the suppression of the slave tradeFrench naval bombardment and military occupation of Mohéli IslandExtracts from the 16 June 1868 and 30 June 1868 editions of the London Gazette, containing reports of the Abyssinian expedition.A detailed index of subjects, places and people mentioned in the correspondence is included on folios 484-502.The abstracts were printed and bound in London, and each one includes the following colophon: ‘LONDON: Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.’The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Governor-General of IndiaColonel William Lockyer MerewetherLieutenant-General Robert Cornwallis [Cornelis] NapierThe Political Agent at Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 505; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains multiple original pagination sequences.
10. 'Abstracts of Letters from India 1872'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1872. The letters are dated December 1871-December 1872. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar and Bushire [Bushehr]Abstracts of Letters received from BushireAbstracts of Letters received from Zanzibar, Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Letters received from ZanzibarAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Public works, including: railways, including a proposed railway in Persia [Iran], and irrigationIssues concerning Princely States, including internal administration and issues of successionPay, pensions, recruitment, and other personnel issues in the Indian Civil and Military establishmentsRevenue, expenditure, and taxationBanking and financeTelegraphyEducation, including efforts at promoting literature, science, and art by the Government of IndiaJudicial affairs, including the trial of Wahabee [Wahhabī] leaders in BengalLand issues, including: the cultivation of cinchona, coffee, and opium; coal mining; land administration and revenue settlementsIssues concerning emigration from India to British, French, and Dutch colonies, and the proposed emigration of Indian labourers to CubaA cholera epidemic in BengalA cyclone in Madras [Chennai]Frontier affairs, including a rebellion against the Khan of Khelat [Kalat], conflict and negotiation with Wuzeeree [Wazīrī] tribes on the Northwest Frontier; the question of maintaining the garrison in Peshawur [Peshawar]; an expedition against the Looshai [Mizo people] and a planned expedition to the Garo Hills on the Northeast FrontierMilitary affairs, including the supply of military unitsAn insurrection of the Kookas [Namdharis/Kuka Sikhs] in Punjab, including the case of the summary execution of insurgents by John Lambert Cowan, Deputy Commissioner of the Loodiana [Ludhiana] DistrictThe assassination of the Earl of Mayo, Viceroy and Governor-General of India, in Port BlairAffairs in Persia, including the arbitration of the Mekran [Makran] and Seistan [Sistan] borders, the proposed secondment of British officers to the Persian army, famine, and Persia’s relations with TurkeyAffairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, including the consolidation of and challenges to the rule of the Sultan Syud Toorkee [Sayyid Turkī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd] and the loss of Charbar [Chabahar] and Bunder Abbas [Bandar-e ‘Abbas] to PersiaAffairs in Zanzibar, including: the slave trade; the delegating of customs management to Jairam Sewjee; the issue of the Zanzibar Subsidy to Muscat; and correspondence with the missionary Dr David Livingstone in Central AfricaAffairs in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula, including: the Turkish [Ottoman] campaign in Nejd [Najd] and suspected Turkish designs on Bahrein [Bahrain]; and the settlement of Odeyd [Khor al-Udayd], claimed by Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], by an independent tribe;Affairs in and around Aden Settlement, including transit dues on roads and the proposed colonisation of Socotra by ItalyAffairs in Turkish Arabia [Ottoman Iraq], including tribal insurgency and alleged trade in enslaved people at Bussorah [Basra]Affairs in Central Asia, including the Russian advance, the visits of envoys from Bokhara [Bukhara] and Yarkund [Yarkant] to India, and negotiations with Russia concerning the northern boundary of Affghanistan [Afghanistan]Affairs in Burmah [Burma/Myanmar]The Panthay Rebellion in China.The primary correspondents are:The Government of IndiaThe Viceroy and Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident at AdenThe Political Resident in the Persian GulfThe Political Agent in MuscatThe Political Agent in Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 303; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence. Pages 1 and 2 are missing.
11. 'ABSTRACTS OF LETTERS FROM INDIA 1874.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential printed abstracts of letters received by the India Office from the Government of India, and from senior officials in certain areas outside India, during the year 1874. The letters are dated November 1873-December 1874. The abstracts each have one of the following titles:Abstract of Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from BushireAbstracts of Secret Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from AdenAbstracts of Military Letters received from IndiaAbstracts of Letters received from Bushire and AdenAbstracts of Secret Letters received from Aden.Each abstract contains summaries of one or more letters from the specified source, each with a title giving the subject of the letter. Letters from India are divided within each abstract by the branch or department of the Government of India they originated from. The correspondence covers issues including:Revenue and expenditureAdministrative reports from individual provinces and territorial unitsPublic works, including railways, canals, and portsLand issues, including taxation, surveys, and plantationsFamine in BengalInternal affairs, including communal violence in Bombay [Mumbai]Affairs concerning Princely States, including internal administration and succession of local rulersTelegraphic communication, including a proposed telegraphic link with the Andaman Islands and issues affecting telegraph lines in Persia [Iran]Emigration from India to South Africa, British Guiana [Guyana], Mauritius and Réunion, the Straits Settlements, and the CaribbeanMilitary affairs, including frontier outposts, the supply and organisation of military units, and outbreaks of disease among troopsFrontier affairs, including a proposed campaign against the Duffla [Nyishi] tribes on the Northeast Frontier and negotiations with the Mahsud Wazir [Maḥsūd] tribe on the Northwest FrontierForeign relations of the Government of India, including: relations with Burmah [Burma/Myanmar], Siam [Thailand], Afghanistan, and Thibet [Tibet]; the missions of Thomas Forsyth and Robert Shaw to Yarkund [Yarkant]; and a proposed mission to Yunan [Yunnan Province]The activities of rival colonial powers, including French activity in Burmah and the Russian advance into Central AsiaAffairs in Afghanistan, in particular the rebellion of Yakoob Khan [Muḥammad Ya’qūb Khān, Governor of Herat] against his father Sher Ali [Shīr-’Alī Khān, Amīr of Afghanistan]Affairs in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, including: the Zanzibar Subsidy paid by the Government of India to the Sultan Syud Toorkee [Turkī bin Sa’īd Āl Bū Sa’īd]; challenges to the rule of the Sultan from Syud Salem [Sālim bin Thuwainī Āl Bū Saʿīd] in Gwadur [Gwadar], Saleh bin Ali [Ṣāliḥ bin ‘Alī al-Ḥārithī] in Muttra [Matrah], and Ibrahim bin Ghes [Ibrāhīm bin Qays Āl Bū Sa’īd]; and an expedition by the Sultan against the Ghaffrees [al-Ghāfirī tribal confederation] in Nezwa [Nizwa] and Ziki [Izki]Turkish [Ottoman] activity in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula, in particular suspected Turkish designs on the Trucial Coast and interference in the Aden Protectorate from Turkish authorities in YemenAffairs in the Aden Protectorate, including: the trade in enslaved people in Hodeida [Al Hudaydah]; the aftermath of a rebellion in the Lahej Sultanate; the defences of Aden; and conflict between the Kayatee [al-Qu‘ayṭī] and Katheree [al-Kathīrī] states involving Arab soldiers from HyderabadAffairs in Persia, including the resignation and reinstatement of the Grand Vizier [Mīrzā Ḥusayn Khān Mushīr al-Dawlah], the cancellation of the Reuter Concession, the proposed Slave Trade Convention, and the issue of the Seistan [Sistan] borderAffairs in Bahrein [Bahrain], including: a petition from a group of exiles led by Nasir bin Mobarik [Nāṣir bin Mubārak Āl Khalīfa] claiming Turkish protection, requesting permission to return to Bahrein, and demanding the release of prisoners held in India following the 1869 conflict in Bahrein; and a threatened attack on Bahrein by the Beni Hajir [Banū Hājir] tribe from Nejd [Najd]Affairs in East Africa, including: slavery in Zanzibar and Mombassa [Mombasa]; suspected Egyptian and Turkish designs on Berbera; the traffic of arms to Abyssinia [Ethiopia]; the death of the missionary Dr David Livingstone; and the proposed construction of lighthouses in the Red SeaAffairs in Baghdad, including: disputes with Redif Pasha [Radīf Pāshā, Governor of Baghdad] concerning salutes and navigation rights of British ships on the Euphrates; and attempted Turkish conscription of Bahreinees [Baharna people] and Cashmeerees [Kashmiris] in Baghdad Vilayet.The primary correspondents are:The Government of India (Home, Foreign, Financial, Revenue, Public Works, Legislative, Judicial, Railway, Marine, and Education departments)The Governor-General of IndiaThe Resident in BushireThe Resident in AdenThe Political Agent in Zanzibar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 272; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
12. 'File [VIIIB/2] MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: Zanzibar Subsidy and Arms Subsidy'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume concerns two subsidies paid by the Government of India to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman, which are referred to in the correspondence as the Zanzibar subsidy and the arms traffic subsidy. The latter subsidy is referred to as initially having been granted to Sultan Faisal bin Turki [Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] as a personal subsidy in 1912, in recognition of his co-operation in the suppression of arms traffic in the Persian Gulf. The Zanzibar subsidy is described as being the right of any Sultan recognised by the British Government, 'subject to their fulfilling certain conditions.'The date range of the volume is 1921-1939; however, there is no material dating from 1924-1931. The correspondence dating from 1921 to 1923 (ff 2-40) notes the continuation of the arms traffic subsidy following the death of Sultan Faisal bin Turki, owing to certain exceptional circumstances, and discusses whether it should be reduced or withdrawn when his successor, Sultan Taimur bin Faisal [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] ceases to rule. The question is raised again in 1932, following the abdication of Sultan Taimur bin Faisal and the accession of his son, Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], and this later correspondence discusses the extension of the subsidy and its eventual discontinuation in January 1936. Also discussed are changes to the arrangements for the payment of the Zanzibar subsidy.The volume features the following principal correspondents: the Political Agent and Consul, Muscat; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India's Foreign Secretary; the Viceroy of India; the Sultan of Muscat and Oman; officials of the India Office and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.The Arabic language material mostly consists of correspondence exchanged between British representatives and the Sultan of Muscat, of which English translations are also present.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 146; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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