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49. Settlement of the Opposing Claims of Persia and Afghanistan to Seistan
- Description:
- Abstract: Letter and Enclosures to HM Secretary of State for India, dated 31 October 1871, concerning the settlement of the opposing claims of Persia and Afghanistan to Seistan [Sistan]. The papers lead up to the establishment of a commission of arbitration of the Seistan boundary, under the adjudication of Major-General Frederick John Goldsmid.The papers cover: précis of correspondence concerning the Perso-Khelat [Kalāt] boundary settlement; background to the dispute between the two countries over the Seistan boundary; correspondence from Goldsmid, setting out a framework for the arbitration, and reporting the progress of negotiations; correspondence from Charles Alison, HBM's Minister at Teheran [Tehran], reporting the attitude of the Persian Government; a reported increase of Persian forces in Seistan, June-July 1871; instructions for the commencement of survey work in the area; British action to induce the ruler of Afghanistan to abstain from hostilities; and a letter from the Viceroy to the Amir of Cabul [Kabul] concerning the Seistan arbitration, 31 October 1871.The Enclosures are dated 25 March - 31 October 1871.Physical description: There is an Abstract of Contents on folios 428-432, numbered 1-46.
50. Reports and Correspondence Relating to Persia, Including Trade and Trade Routes in Persia
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains reports and correspondence relating to Persia [Iran], including reports on trade and trade routes in Persia.It includes:A copy of the ‘Report Received from Mr H.W. Maclean, the Special Commissioner Appointed by the Commercial Intelligence Committee of the Board of Trade, on the Conditions and Prospects of British Trade in Persia.’A copy of a letter from Arthur Henry Hardinge, HM Minister at Tehran, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, the Marquess of Lansdowne (Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice), enclosing an annual report prepared by Evelyn Grant Duff, Secretary of Legation, Tehran, on events in Persia during the year 1904Copies of the reports ‘Reconnaissance from Kondi on the Seistan Trade Route via Mashkhel-Hamun and Panjgur…’ and ‘Reconnaissance and Estimate for a Railway from Nushki to the Helmand and thence to the Persian frontier at Bund-i-Seistan’Copies of printed despatches from the Agent to the Governor-General in Baluchistan to the Secretary to the Government of India Foreign Department, forwarding copies of the weekly Diary of the Political Assistant, Chagai (for the weeks ending 16 February, 8 March, 24 March, 31 March, and 24 October 1901, and 31 March and 8 April 1902), and a copy of the report ‘Trade Returns of the Quetta-Seistan Trade Route, for the year 1900-1901.’ by Captain Frank Cooke Webb-Ware, Political Assistant, ChagaiPrinted copies of the Diary of Captain Robert Arthur Edward Benn, HM Vice-Consul for Seistan and Kain (for the period ending 31 March, 11 April, 30 April, 15 May, 17 June, and 15 September 1901).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 126; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
51. PZ 2749/40 'Persia: Sardar Muhammed Amir Khan Nauroi'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a letter from HM Consul General in Khorasan, Meshed (Giles Frederick Squire) to the Secretary of the Government of India External Affairs Department. The letter discusses and includes a report from HM Vice Consul, Zabul concerning his meeting with the Sarder [Sardir] Muhammad Amin Khan Nauroi of Seistan [Sistan]. The report covers the Sarder’s offer to lead a rebellion in Seistan, Afghanistan against the Iranian Government, a request for clarification on his position should he, his family and followers move to Baluchistan, Afghanistan and the Vice Consul’s response to said offer. The report includes an appendix detailing the background and structure of the Nauroi Sarabandi Sarders, and the Nauroi tribe.The file also contains related correspondence including a letter from William Rupert Hay, Deputy Secretary to the Government of India, to the Vice Consul expressing concern over his response and reservations over the Sarder’s motivations. A specific concern is raised regarding a perceived distinction the Vice Consul made in his response, between the Government of India and HM Government, and a letter in reply from HM Consul General addresses and refutes this concern.A subsequent letter from HM Consul General to the Secretary to the Government of India External Affairs Department, Simla, suggests that the Sarder and his followers plan to leave Iran for India soon.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 11; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
52. PZ 320/31 'Persia: closing of the Soviet Consulate at Seistan.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises telegrams, despatches, printed correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to the closure of the Soviet consulate at Seistan [Sīstān va Balūchestān].The discussion in the volume relates to the impact of the closure on Soviet support for communists in India, the departure of the Soviet Consul and Vice-Consul, the closure of the Soviet hospital and the continuing presence of the Soviet trade agent.Included in the volume is a copy of an extract from the diary of HM Consul, Sistan and Kain for November 1930 and a copy of an intelligence summary by the Military Attaché, Tehran, Percy Charles Russell Dodd. The file also contains correspondence between HM Consul, Sistan and Kain, and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 577, and terminates at f 587, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
53. Political No. 17 of 1873, Forwarding Papers on the Subject of Raids by Seistan Robbers into Afghanistan, and Asking for an Early Settlement of the Seistan Boundary Question
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 24 January 1873, forwarding papers on the subject of raids by Seistan [Sistan] robbers into Afghanistan, and asking for an early settlement of the Seistan boundary question.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 144, and terminates at f 154a, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains three foliation anomalies: f 144a, f 145a, and f 154a.
54. Coll 28/132 ‘Persia. Political Situation in Mekran.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Six-monthly reports (referred to as appreciations) submitted by HM Consul at Zahidan [Zahedan] on the political situation in the province of Mekran (also spelt Mukran [Makran]), eastern Persia [Iran], and covering the period May 1944 to June 1947. Each report is organised under subheadings which vary from report to report but broadly cover: local administration; trade; smuggling; political affairs; security; communications; British interests; Russian (or Soviet) activities; army; and western reforms. The file also contains an appreciation on the political situation at Seistan [Sīstān] for the period July to December 1946, submitted by HM Vice-Consul at Zabul, which was presumably added to the file in error (ff 24-25).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the front of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 34, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
55. Coll 28/2 ‘Persia. Anti-British propaganda in: Case of Sewa Singh & propaganda in East Persia.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers relating to anti-British and pro-Communist activities in East Persia [Iran]. The file consists of reports from British administrators in the region, on the activities of individuals suspected of being involved in anti-British activities, or disseminating anti-British materials:Reports concerning a number individuals reported to be agitating amongst the population in East Persia, including Sewa Singh (mentioned in the file title, who should not be confused with Sewa Singh Thikriwala) who was finally expelled from the country by the Persian authorities.Reports regarding the Soviet Consulate in Sistan, its activities and associates, and reports that the Consulate was being used as a communications channel between Russia and India, via the railway running south through Duzdap [Zahedan].Speculation and reports on the connections of individuals in East Persia with the Ghadr (or Ghadar) Party, based in San Francisco, USA.A review of the mail contract running between Nok Kundi and Mirjawa [Mīrjāveh], in response to reports of the contractor’s connections with the Ghadr Party.Arrangements for the detention, seizure of passports, and expulsion from Persia of suspected agitators.The file’s principal correspondents are: the British Consul at Sistan and Kain [Kā’īn] (Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly); the Deputy Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 157; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which exists between ff 2-156 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
56. Coll 28/10 ‘Persia. Diaries; Meshed Consular Jany 1931 – May 1940. Khorassan Political 1934 – May 1940. Khorassan Fortnightly Reports’
- Description:
- Abstract: Confidential political diaries submitted on a fortnightly basis throughout 1931, on a monthly basis from May 1932, returning to a fortnightly basis in September 1939, by the British Consul General at Khorassan [Khorāsān] (Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett; Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly; Lieutenant-Colonel Everard Huddleston Gastrell; Giles Frederick Squire). The diaries describe affairs in the Khorassan region, and are arranged under a series of headings that expand and evolve over time:Activities of the Persian [Iranian] Government and Persian authorities, including the programme of modernisation carried out at the orders of the Shah during the 1930s, activities of the Persian military and police.Events at Sistan, Kain [Ka’īn], and Birjand, and in the district of Sarhad.Activities of the municipal government in Khorassan, including public works and urban development programmes.Foreign interests and affairs in the region, including British, Russian, Afghan and Turkish affairs, and the movements of foreign visitors.Soviet propaganda, and British and Persian counter-propaganda measures.Agricultural production, food supplies and food shortages.Trade, commerce and smuggling.Security, including reports of robberies, and raids on transport routes.Weather reports.Diseases and epidemics.Reports of locust observations and movements.The diaries include some reports reflecting topical events: military activity on the Persia-Turkmenistan border, and reports of Russian refugees crossing into Persia from Turkmenistan; the start of the Second World War, with a focus on the activities of German subjects in Khorassan, speculation over Russian involvement in the War, and the impact upon public opinion in Iran of German radio propaganda, describing Germany’s military successes in Europe throughout 1940.Minute papers are enclosed with reports dated up till late 1935, which frequently contain handwritten or typed notes made by India Office staff, commenting on the contents of the report.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 650; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
57. Coll 28/10(2) ‘Persia; Diaries; Meshed Consular June 1940; Khorassan Political; Khorassan Fortnightly Reports’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/10 ‘Persia. Diaries; Meshed Consular Jany 1931 – May 1940. Khorassan Political 1934 – May 1940. Khorassan Fortnightly Reports’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3406), and contains political diary reports, submitted fortnightly (and then monthly from late 1945) by the British Consul-General for Khorassan [Khorāsān] in Meshed [Mashhad] (Giles Frederick Squire; Lieutenant-Colonel Ralph Ponsonby Watts; Reginald Michael Hadow; Clarmont Percival Skrine). The subject matter covered by the diaries changes during the course of the Second World War and immediate post-war period. Between June 1940 and August 1941, the diaries focus on the War, and cover:public opinion in Meshed on developments in EuropeBritish and German radio broadcasts in PersianGerman and British cinema programmes in MeshedGerman interests in Khorassan, including the activities of German individuals, and German commercial interests, including the ordering of raw materials, such as wool and skins, bound for Germanythe Russian invasion of Khorassan and occupation of Meshed in August 1941the abdication of Reza Shah PahlaviFrom late 1941 onwards:the security situation in Khorassanrailway construction and communicationsfood supplies and shortages, with particular emphasis on wheat suppliestransport of supplies, including the activities of the East Persian Auxiliary Transport Service (EPATS) and the United Kingdom Commercial Corporation (UKCC)Russian government and military activitiesGerman and Russian propagandalocal affairs, including Persian (Iranian) government affairs at Khorassan, Birjand, Zabul, Zahedanthe movements in Khorassan of Polish child refugeesThe file also includes four six-monthly reports on the political situation in Khorasan, produced by the Consul-General at Khorasan, spanning the years 1945 and 1946. Minute papers are enclosed in front of most reports, with typewritten notes made by India Office staff commenting on the contents of the report.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 648; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
58. Coll 28/11 ‘Persia; Diaries; Sistan and Kain Commercial. 1931 – – 1933’
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed copies of monthly confidential commercial reports for the region of Sistan and Kain [Ka’īn] in eastern Persia [Iran], submitted by the British Consul at Sistan and Kain (Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly). The reports include:details of the demand for, and statistical data of the imports and exports of a variety of goods, including sugar, tea, carpets, textiles, nuts, motor vehicles and motor sparesfreight rates and seasonal road conditionsexchange ratesthe general state of trade across the regionthe activities of Indian traders in the regionsmuggling activity on the Persian-Baluchistan [Balochistān] borderstatistical tables covering trade into and out of Persia via Zahedan, trade on the Nushki to Duzdap [Zahedan] railway, and comparative trade figures for goods imported into Persia via Zahedan from the British Empire and other countriesthe impact upon trade in the region of the closure of the Nushki to Duzdap railway, and the imposition of the Persian Trade Monopoly LawMinute papers are enclosed with each report, which frequently contain handwritten notes made by India Office staff, occasionally making reference to numbered paragraphs from the report.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 95; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers; nor does it include the four leading and ending flyleaves.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 13-95; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.
59. Coll 28/19 ‘Sistan & Kain. Annual Commercial Reports’
- Description:
- Abstract: Annual commercial reports for the provinces of Sistan and Kain [Ka’īn] (from 1936, referred to as the provinces of Khorāsān and Mekran [Makran]), submitted by the British Consul for Sistan and Kain (from 1936, the British Consul-General for Khorāsān, Meshed [Mashhad]) (Clarmont Percival Skrine; Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly; Major Everard Huddleston Gastrell; Captain Giles Frederick Squire). The reports include sections on:trade (including imports, exports, foreign goods, openings for British goods)finance (including banking activity, bankruptcies).taxationPersian military (including the commandeering of transport, effects of conscription)agriculture (including irrigation, opium production)industry (including new industries, electricity generation, demand for foreign machinery)communications and transport (roads, railways)social conditions (standard of living, unemployment, public health and hygiene)appendices with statistical tables on imports and exports on the Nushki to Duzdap [Zahedan] railway, imports and exports via Zahedan, freight rates, and rates for animal transportPreceding each report is an India Office minute paper, containing handwritten notes commenting on the contents of the report. The file also includes a small amount of official correspondence relating to the contents of the reports, and a number of other reports prepared by the British-Consul General, relating to the commercial situation in eastern Iran, and Iranian trade with Russia.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 157; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.An additonal foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-156; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.
60. Coll 28/9 ‘Persia; Internal affairs; Shah’s tours in Persia: general situation reports’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and reports submitted by British officials in Persia [Iran], along with newspaper cuttings collected from the British and Persian press, relating to the Shah of Persia, Reza Shah Pahlavi. Subjects covered include:The Shah’s tours and visits around Persia, including to the towns and cities of Sistan [Zabol], Bushire, Shiraz, Meshed [Mashhad], Kermanshah, Tabriz, Ahwaz [Ahvāz].Reports of economic and political conditions in Persia.The first Minister of the Persia Court, Teymourtache [Abdolhossein Teymūrtāsh], including his dismissal by the Shah in 1933, and his subsequent trial, imprisonment and death.Speculation over the health of the Shah.Treatment of the Bakhtiari tribes by the Shah and his Government.The Shah’s programme of modernisation in Persia, including the enforcement of European hats for men and unveiling of women, military reforms, and schemes for urban development.A rebellion and massacre at the Goharshad shrine in Meshed in July 1935, provoked by a backlash against the Shah’s modernising tendencies. Papers include a secret report written by the British Consul-General for Khorasan and Sistan, Major Clive Kirkpatrick Daly (ff 218-222).Principal correspondents in the file include: the British Legation at Tehran (Reginald Hervey Hoare; Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen; Nevile Montagu Butler); the Chargé d’Affaires at Tehran (Victor Alexander Louis Mallet); the British Consul-General for Khorasan and Sistan (Daly).Newspaper cuttings from the Persian press are written in French.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 510; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The front and back covers, along with the two leading and two ending flyleaves have not been foliated. A previous foliation sequence, which is present in parallel between ff 222-510 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.