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1. 'File 61/15 II (D 44) Kuwait Conference'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to the adjournment, second phase, and collapse of the Kuwait Conference. The correspondence is between the Political Residency at Bushire, the Political Agencies at Kuwait and Bahrain, the High Commissioners in Baghdad and Jerusalem, the Colonial Office in London, the British Agency at Jeddah, the Government of India, Sheikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, ruler of Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, Sultan of Najd, King Faisal of Iraq, and Amir Abdullah of Transjordan.The main aim of the conference was to settle issues of border delineation between Najd, Transjordan, the Hejaz, and Iraq. Other issues of negotiation were the return of Shammar refugees to Najd from Iraq and compensation for past raids. Much of the correspondence deals with this. The discussion focuses around the status of places that there is most disagreement on: Wadi Sirhan (Jauf [Jawf], Kaf [Kāf]), Akaba [al-‘Aqaba], Maan [Ma‘ān], and the Hejaz frontier (Khurma, Turbah, Khaybar). Other more practical issues are discussed, such as travel arrangements and the identity of attendees, including Ibn Sa‘ud's decision not to send one of his son's as delegate which led to King Hussein withdrawing his own representative.Other subjects covered by the volume are:a large raid by the Ikhwan on Iraqi shepherd tribes that effectively ended the conference;the presentation by the British of a silver plate to Sheikh Ahmed to thank him for his hospitality;the official Najd government publication of a 'green book' on the conference.Notable within the volume are Stuart Knox's notes and minutes on the numerous sittings of the conference: folios 1D-37, 57-90, 120-29, 252-63, 265-71, 274-80.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence starts on the title page and ends on the last folio. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D; 165A and 165B. There is a second, incomplete sequence the runs between folios 165-319. It is also written in pencil but is not circled.
2. 'Report by Sir Gilbert Clayton, K.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B., on his Mission to the King of Hejaz and of Najd and its Dependencies, for the purpose of negotiating a settlement of outstanding questions. (April-June, 1928)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed booklet, produced by the Colonial Office in August 1928, is an account of Sir Gilbert Clayton, His Britannic Majesty's Commissioner and Plenipotentiary, on the first part of his third mission (April-June 1928) to ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Saud), King of Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz] and Najd and its Dependencies. The purpose of the mission was to negotiate outstanding questions mainly concerning boundaries of and relations between Ibn Saud's territories and Iraq and Trans-Jordan following the Hadda and Bahra Agreements of 1925, and the Treaty of Jeddah of 1927.Clayton was accompanied by George Antonius, Assistant Secretary to the Palestine Government; Kinahan Cornwallis, Adviser to the Ministry of Interior in Iraq; Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector in the Iraq Government Service; Flight-Lieutenant G M Moore; and Bernard Henry Bourdillon, Counsellor to the Residency in Baghdad. The Najd delegates included: Dr Abdullah Damluji [‘Abdullāh al-Damlūjī]; Shaikh Yusuf Yasin [Yūsuf Yāsīn]; Shaikh Hafez Wahba [Ḥāfiẓ Wahbah]; and Shaikh Fuad Hamza [Fu’ād Ḥamzah].A page of contents and list of annexes appears on folio 2v with the following sections:'Report by Sir Gilbert Clayton, KCMG, KBE, CB' (folios 3-9);'Record of Proceedings' (folios 10-22);'Memorandum and Minutes of the Proceedings of the 'Iraq-Najd Sub-Committee' (folios 23-32);'Memorandum on the Proposed Arbitration between Najd and Trans-Jordan' (folios 33-34)'Notes Exchanged on the Suspension of Negotiations' (folios 34v-35);'Draft Extradition Agreement' (folios 36-27);'Draft Bon Voisinage Agreement' (folios 38-40);'Correspondence Relating to Frontier Incidents, April, 1928' (folios 40v-43).There is one appendix which consists of Colonial Office letters of instruction to Sir Gilbert Clayton, dated 17 April 1928 (folios 43v-47). The front cover is marked 'Confidential' and 'Printed for the use of the Colonial Office'. Clayton's account is continued in 'Middle East No. 28', 'Report by Sir Gilbert Clayton, K.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B., on his Mission to the King of Hejaz and of Najd and its Dependencies, for the purpose of negotiating a settlement of outstanding questions. (July-August, 1928)' (IOR/L/PS/20/E90/2).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
3. 'Report by Sir Gilbert Clayton, K.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B., on his Mission to the King of Hejaz and of Najd and its Dependencies, for the purpose of negotiating a settlement of outstanding questions. (July-August, 1928)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This printed booklet, produced by the Colonial Office in January 1929, is a continuation of the April-June 1928 account of Sir Gilbert Clayton, His Britannic Majesty's Commissioner and Plenipotentiary, on the second part of his third mission (July-August 1928) to ‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd (Ibn Saud), King of Hejaz [al-Ḥijāz] and Najd and its Dependencies. The purpose of the mission was to negotiate outstanding questions mainly concerning boundaries of and relations between Ibn Saud's territories and Iraq and Trans-Jordan following the Hadda and Bahra Agreements of 1925, and the Treaty of Jeddah of 1927.Clayton was accompanied by George Antonius, Assistant Secretary to the Palestine Government; Kinahan Cornwallis, Adviser to the Ministry of Interior in Iraq; Captain John Bagot Glubb, Administrative Inspector in the Iraq Government Service; Flight-Lieutenant G M Moore; and Bernard Henry Bourdillon, Counsellor to the Residency in Baghdad. The Najd delegates included: Dr Abdullah Damluji [‘Abdullāh al-Damlūjī]; Shaikh Yusuf Yasin [Yūsuf Yāsīn]; Shaikh Hafez Wahba [Ḥāfiẓ Wahbah]; and Shaikh Fuad Hamza [Fu’ād Ḥamzah].A page of contents and list of annexures appears on folio 2v with the following sections:'Colonial Office to Sir Gilbert Clayton, K.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B., 19th July, 1928 (Letters of Instructions)' (folios xx);'Sir Gilbert Clayton, K.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B., to Colonial Office, 3rd September, 1928 (Further Report on his Mission)' (folios XX);'Record of Proceedings' (folios XX);'Memorandum on the Proceedings of the Sub-Committee Meetings' (folios XX);'Draft Note on the Arbitration of Raids between Najd and Trans-Jordan' (folios XX).There is one appendix which consists of a Foreign Office letter to the Acting British Agent and Consul, Jeddah, dated 1 November 1928. The front cover is marked 'Confidential', 'Printed for the use of the Colonial Office' and 'In continuation of Middle East No. 25', 'Report by Sir Gilbert Clayton, K.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B., on his Mission to the King of Hejaz and of Najd and its Dependencies, for the purpose of negotiating a settlement of outstanding questions. (April-June, 1928)' (IOR/L/PS/20/E90/1).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circles, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. 'File 61/10 (D 63) Relations between Nejd and Transjordania (political status of Jauf)'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters (in English and Arabic), telegrams, and memoranda relating to relations between Ibn Sa'ud, the Hejaz, and Trans-Jordan. The majority of the correspondence is between the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agency in Bahrain, the Political Agency in Kuwait, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, the Colonial and Foreign Offices, both in London, the High Commissioner in Jerusalem, the British Agency in Jeddah, the Chief British Representative in Amman, the Government of India, and Ibn Sa'ud.The majority of the papers concern the definition of borders between Ibn Sa'ud's territories (the Najd and later the Hejaz) and Trans-Jordan, most specifically the status of the Jauf [al-Jawf] area and the towns of Kaf [Kāf], Akaba [Aqaba], and Maan [Ma'an], and to a lesser extent, Iraq. Reports on tribal raids and counter-raids are also included, particularly those between the Bani Sakhr and the Ikhwan. The latter's raid just south of Amman in August 1924, and the British military response, is prominent. Details of the Hadda Tribunals, which were set up to settle such disputes, are also given. The question of where ex-King Hussein should settle after his departure from the Hijaz is also discussed.Transcripts from Parliamentary Questions on these subjects are also included (folios 178-185). At the back of the volume is a broadside announcing the Shaw Commission, following the 1929 Palestine Riots.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts at the title page and continues through to the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil in the top right corner of the recto of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D; 141A and 141B; f 202 and f 211 are written on the verso of the preceding folio. Three individual folios have been given a number range, rather than a single number, written respectively as: 17-18, 21-22 and 34-35.
5. 'File 61/11 I (D 41) Relations between Nejd and Hejaz'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, and memoranda relating to relations between Najd and the Hejaz. The majority of the correspondence is between Reader Bullard, the British Agent in Jeddah, the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agency in Bahrain, the Political Agency in Kuwait, the High Commissioner in Baghdad, the Colonial and Foreign Offices, both in London, the High Commissioner in Jerusalem, the Government of India, and Ibn Sa'ud himself, or his representatives.Most of the volume covers events leading up to, and immediately after, the Ikhwan's capture of Taif, including Hussein ibn 'Ali's abdication and his son 'Ali's attempts to retain control of the Hejaz. There is a detailed report of the capture of Taif by Bullard (folios 186-201, 273-281). The documents reflect British concern with the reaction of Indian Muslims, with duplicates of correspondence regularly forwarded to numerous offices back in India. Some papers are about the effort to evacuate British Indian refugees and pilgrims from the region.Other subjects covered in the volume are:the build-up to and ultimate failure of the Kuwait Conference of 1923-24;King Fuad of Egypt's suspected financial backing of Ibn Sa'ud's takeover of the Hejaz;the defining of the Hejaz-Trans-Jordan border;the motivations and movements of St John Philby and Rosita Forbes, both of whom were thought to be trying to gain entryinto Central Arabia.Notable in the volume are a newspaper cutting from The Times of Mesopotamia, dated 13 July 1923, regarding treaty negotiations between Britain and King Hussein (folio 4), and extracts of letters from Ameen Rihani to Ibn Sa'ud that had been intercepted by the British and which offer advice on foreign policy.Physical description: Main foliation sequence: numbers are written in pencil and circled, in the top right corner on the recto of each folio. The numbering, which starts on the front cover of the volume and ends on the inside back cover, is as follows: 1A-1D, 2-262.Secondary and earlier foliation sequence: the numbers 1 to 322 are written in pencil in the top right corner on the recto of each folio, except for the internal office notes at the back of the volume, which are paginated in pencil from 1 to 23. Published copies of four British Government reports at the front of the volume (renumbered as folios 2-63) also have pencilled page numbers written on them.Condition: broken spine cover.
6. 'File 61/15 (D 40) Bin Saud: boundary settlement conference at Kuwait'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to the conception, planning, and first sitting of the Kuwait Conference. It is between the Political Residency at Bushire, the Political Agencies at Kuwait and Bahrain, the High Commissioners in Baghdad and Jerusalem, the Colonial Office in London, the British Agency at Jeddah, the Government of India, Sheikh Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah, ruler of Kuwait, Ibn Sa'ud, Sultan of Najd, King Faisal of Iraq, and Amir Abdullah of Transjordan.The main aim of the conference was to settle issues of border delineation between Najd, Transjordan, the Hejaz, and Iraq. Other issues of negotiation were the return of Shammar refugees to Najd from Iraq and compensation for past raids. Much of the correspondence deals with this. The discussion focuses around the status of places that there is most disagreement on: Wadi Sirhan (Jauf [Jawf], Kaf [Kāf]), Akaba [al-‘Aqaba], and Maan [Ma‘ān]. Other more practical arragments are also discussed. Such as costs, accommodation, and attendees.Prominent in the volume are the following subjects:the involvement of Sheikh Khazal of Mohammerah;rumours of Ikhwan raids into the Hejaz;King Hussein's refusal to attend or send a delegate;British dissaproval of Hafiz Wahba as a representative of Najd;the threat of Faisal al-Dawish attacking Medina.The volume covers up until the adjournment of the conference, including arrangements for the second phase of negotiations.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts on the first folio and ends on the last. The numbering is written in pencil, circled, and found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D; 149A and 149B.
7. 'File 22/23 II Kuwait Conference 1924'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the 1923-24 Kuwait Conference to arbitrate the Najd-Transjordan and Najd-Hijaz boundaries. The main topics discussed include the following:the Kuwait Conference: adjournment, 1924;further negotiations.The discussion in the volume relates to the minutes of the sessions (3rd to 12th) and the exhortations of the President of the conference, Stuart George Knox, to the delegates not to take hardened negotiating positions. Topics discussed in the correspondence also include: Ibn Sa'ud's health, flags and badges and raising of armed forces. An index to the volume is given in folio 269.The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Colonies, London; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Stuart George Knox; the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the High Commissioner, Jerusalem; the Political Agent, Kuwait; Political Agent, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 272; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 3-269, and ff 163-261; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
8. 'File 11/29 Policy of H.M. Government Regarding Arabian Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains the following two documents related to the policy of the British Government in Arabia:A secret despatch written by Secretary of State for the Colonies, Philip Cunliffe-Lister, in February 1933 that discusses Britain's policy in regard to Arabian affairs with special reference to Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Trans-Jordan (folios 5-13)A briefing entitled 'The Future of Arabia' written by the Political Resident, Trenchard Craven Fowle, in September 1931 that covers issues related to the future of Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Trans-Jordan, Iraq and the Persian Gulf (folios 14-27).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 28, these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
9. 'File 6/29 Foreign Interests: Relations between Najd and Transjordania'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a copy of an extract from a letter that was composed by the British Legation in Jeddah regarding relations between Nejd [Saudi Arabia] and Trans-Jordania [the Emirate of Trans-Jordan].Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
10. '22/23 I Kuwait Conference 1923'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes relating to the 1923 Kuwait Conference to arbitrate the Najd-Transjordan and Najd-Hijaz boundaries.The discussion in the volume relates to the following:a proposal to hold Conference at Kuwait to settle the Najd-Transjordania and Najd-Hijaz boundaries. Correspondence discusses costs and practical arrangements and arrival of delegations from Iraq, Transjordania and Nejd and uncertainty over arrival of delegates from Hidjaz;preliminary negotiations and letter of credentials from Abdullah bin al-Hussain, Ruler of Transjordania, for Ali Khulqi Bey; letter of credentials from Faisal, Ruler of Iraq for Sabih Bey Nasrat; letter of credentials from Ibn Saud for Saiyid Hamzah; discussion of the implications of the Mohammerah Iraq-Najd Convention;conference negotiations - correspondence discusses points put forward by the various delegations, including blood-money, raiding and losses, raids by the Ikhwan, and the collection of zakah;summaries of the sessions of the conference and arbitration;a draft agreement (ff 227-228) on raiding;a list of raids (ff 247-248);an index to topics discussed in the conference (folio 249).The principal correspondents in the volume include: the Secretary of State for Colonies, London; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Stuart George Knox; the High Commissioner, Baghdad; the High Commissioner, Jerusalem; the Political Agent, Kuwait; Political Agent, Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 250; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A fold-out is present on the verso of folio 235 and has been labelled with an ‘a’. Two additional foliation sequences are present in parallel between ff 3-248, and ff 122-237; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
11. PZ 3054/40 'Journey of son and two grandsons of Sultan of Lahej to Aden from Egypt via Transjordan'
- Description:
- Abstract: This document is a cypher telegram sent from the High Commissioner for Trans-Jordan [Emirate of Transjordan] to the Secretary of State for the Colonies relating to the potential passage of a son and two grandsons of the Sultan of Lahej through Transjordan on their way from Egypt to Aden.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 4; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
12. PZ 5443/31 'Transjordan: political situation reports'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, and notes, relating to monthly reports of the British Resident, Amman, on the political situation in Transjordan from July 1931 to October 1934.The reports discuss a range of political matters including:the relationship of the Emir with his Governmentactivities of the diwan stafftopics discussed in pressactivity of Arab nationalist politiciansThe file features the following principal correspondents: the High Commissioner for Transjordan (General Sir Arthur Grenfell Wauchope); the British Resident, Amman (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Henry Fortnom Cox); and the Secretary of State for the Colonies.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 274, and terminates at f 529, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
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