Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This full-length seated studio portrait of a young Somali woman is intended to demonstrate an ethnic or class ‘type’. In particular, this image is intended to illustrate the habits of dress as described previously by Frederick Mercer Hunter (p. 45). Hunter describes these as follows:‘The women wear a single garment like that of the men, but it is put on differently, being fastened round the waist like a petticoat, with a number of folds behind; one end is then brought up across the left or right shoulder, and a lappet is left, which can be brought over the head like a hood. The breeze is apt to discompose this drapery, and girls before marriage wear a piece of string round the waist to prevent the upper portion of their robe from becoming indecorous. Married women are not so particular. The petticoat portion is open in front, and very frequently the leg is exposed far above the knee.’Elsewhere, on page 62, Hunter describes the ‘ornaments’ worn by Somalis, however, those descriptions do not accurately reflect what is worn by the woman in this photograph, except inasmuch as she wears what are perhaps ‘Zanud’ armlets above the elbow. Her earrings are hooped and appear to be of metal, while her necklace(s) consists of three strands of varying sized beads, which may be amber, coral, metal or some other natural bead. The shortest necklace with the smallest beads is close about her neck, the next is made of evenly sized large beads also close about her neck, while the longest necklace is made of unevenly sized beads of various materials. All three strands may be suspended from her hooped earrings. She wears a turban-like twisted fabric about her head which conceals her hair entirely.Although less overtly erotic in character, the woman is posed with one ankle exposed and seated on a patterned carpet in a fashion similar to erotic Orientalist genre paintings.Inscriptions:In pencil, upper left corner adjacent to print: ‘9’Physical description: Dimensions:89 x 61 mm [portrait]Format:1 albumen print pasted to backing paper and mounted between pp. 50-51Materials:Silver printing-out paper, albumen printCondition:The print is unevenly hand-cut, with one long crease from 1.5cm along upper edge to 5.5cm along right edge. There are a series of minor surface losses from 1.3cm to 4.3cm from lower edge along left-hand edge. A small number of dark spatter marks on the left-hand side of the image originate in printing.Foliation:‘9’Process:Albumen print
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, memoranda, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Government of India; the Military Department of the Government of Bombay; and Lieutenant Colonel Grant.The item concerns the proposed fortifications to Aden, particularly:The question of placing a battery at Seera Island [Sira Island]Constructions in Western BayThe battery at Munsooree [Al-Mansoura]Conversion of Flint Island into a coal depot, and the suitability of armament for the harbour defenceThe proposed battery on Ras Morbut [Ra's Marbut] being overlooked by an adjacent hillThe number of extra labourers required from India, and the question of their transport to Aden.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 293/47, P.C. [Previous Communication] 5565’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 755, and terminates at f 831, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence cited in, or enclosed with, extracts of two Military Letters from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 4 September and 16 October 1850 respectively.The item relates to the delay in supplying the Court of Directors with plans and [cross] sections of the seaward defences at Aden. The Military Board, Bombay, put forward their reasons for this delay and outline the information they require from the Home authorities before they can suggest the points on the defences which would be best suited for armament. There is also discussion about the need to supply plans and sections for works being carried out on the isthmus.Correspondents: the Court of Directors; the Military Board; and the Government of Bombay.Folio 789a verso contains a stamp which reads: 'RECEIVED. 26 NOV. [1]850. SOUTHHAMPTON'.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Military', 'P.C. [Previous Communication] 7172, Draft No. 123 of 1851', 'Collection No 2', and 'Military Department 1850'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 787, and terminates at f 796, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains one foliation anomaly: f 789a.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, memoranda, and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The principal correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Resident at Mocha, Captain Gilbert Hutchinson; and the Imaum of Senna [Imam of San'a, Yemen, al-Mahdī ‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad bin ‘Alī].The item concerns the differences between the Arabic and English versions of the Treaty of 15 January 1821, which William Bruce, Resident at Bushire [Būshehr], negotiated with the Imaum of Senna. The differences are:Whether the reduction in customs duty to two and a quarter percent applies only to English merchants (as in the Arabic version) or to all merchants trading under the British flag (as in the English version)In the English version, the dependents of the British Factory are to be under the protection of the Resident (omitted in the Arabic version)In the English version, in the case of a dispute between dependents of the Resident and the Imaum, the Dola [Governor] of Mocha and the Resident are to adjudicate and the offender is to be punished by their own authority (all omitted in the Arabic version).The discussion primarily concerns the second difference, which the British are most eager for the Imaum to agree to. The East India Company Broker’s business transactions with the Americans and the Imaum’s debts owing to him are extensively discussed in this context. The Resident also reports on his visit to Aden with a view to moving the Residency there.The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Political No. 9, Draft 496, P.C. 154, [Season] 1823/4, Examiner’s Office ‘23’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 28, and terminates at f 201, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, memoranda, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden; Reuben Aslan, the Native Agent at Muscat; Captain Atkins Hamerton, Agent at Muscat on a mission to Zanzibar; Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Robertson, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the first in a series of two items on the trade in enslaved people (the other is IOR/F/4/1990/88113).The item concerns primarily concerns information about the mechanisms of the trade in enslaved people across the whole of the Gulf, including Persia, detailing:The routes travelledNumbers of enslaved people transportedThe nationalities of tradersThe value of the tradeThe nationalities, prices, gender ratio, ages, and treatment of the enslaved people.The item also discusses:The specific role of boats from Scinde [Sindh] exporting enslaved people from Muscat to ScindeThe possibility of persuading the Ameer of Scinde [Mir Nasir Khan Talpur] to issue a proclamation prohibiting the trade in enslaved peopleThe possibility of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa’id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa’id] forbidding Joasmee [al-Qawasim] boats from visiting his African possessions to try to curb the trade in enslaved peopleThe case of the Kallah Kassaim [Qal’ah Qasim], which imported enslaved people into Muscat and changed her flag from the British flag to the Imam of Muscat’s depending on her circumstancesProposed measures to prevent export of kidnapped children from the territory of the Nizam of Hyderabad [Mir Farqunda Ali Khan]The rescue of enslaved Somali men and women from Rasul Khyma [Ra's al-Khaymah]The rescue of enslaved Indian women from MuscatReports of a delegation sent by the Imam of Muscat to London to object to the East India Company’s insistence on ending the trade in enslaved peopleExtent of the trade in kidnapped children at Hyderabad, and the enforcement of the laws concerning the tradeDepositions of those connected with the cases of alleged slavery, including the case of Hajee Mahomed [Haji Muhammed], who was found to have multiple Abyssinian children in his house.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 227, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3822A, [Season 18]43’, ‘Collection No 11’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 4 and terminates at f 251, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: Enclosures no. 2-17 to a despatch from the Secret Department, Bombay [Mumbai] Castle, dated 11 February 1848. The enclosures are dated 15 April-21 September 1847. The enclosures consist of copies of correspondence relating to the administration of Aden, including:A planned census of the townProposed fines for vessels unloading large numbers of destitute pilgrims at AdenCustoms checks on arrivals and departures by land, including of goods and livestockNew appointments to the positions of Senior Naval Officer and Harbour MasterThe restriction of residency to British subjects and natives of Aden, to be enforced at the discretion of the Political AgencyA suggestion that Aden should be ‘more formally annexed to the British Dominions’.The primary correspondents are: the Political Agent, Aden; the Government of India; and the Superintendent of the Indian Navy.Physical description: 1 item (32 folios)
Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:This photograph shows the Residency bungalow at Aden in the left-hand background. The buildings on the right are likely to be the 'mess-house' or 'quarters of the officers of the Royal Artillery' (p. 9), all of which were situated adjacent to the Residency on a bluff overlooking the sea at Ras Tarshyne, on the westernmost boundary of the Steamer Point peninsula.A boat at anchor is just visible in the bay behind the Residency.Two cannon are situated to the right of centre of the empty plain, which takes up most of the middleground, while an empty horse and carriage and barrel stand to the right in the middleground.Inscriptions:In pencil, upper right corner adjacent to print: ‘1’.Physical description: Dimensions:166 x 233 mmFormat:1 albumen print pasted to backing paper as mounted, folding frontispieceMaterials:Silver printing-out paper, albumen printCondition:The print is unevenly hand-cut. There is significant toning at edges, particularly, lower and left and right-hand, as well as along the central fold.Some tracing marks are evident along lower edge from left and a pen mark 3.5 cm from upper on right-hand edge is post-printing.Foliation:‘1’Process:Albumen print
Abstract: The
Who's Who in Aden and Western Arabiacomprises a biographical dictionary of individuals connected with the fall of the Sultanate of Lahej [Laḩij] to Ottoman forces in July 1915.Most of the individuals are key members of the Subaihi tribe; a breakdown of the sections of the tribe is given on folio 60. In addition, the dictionary includes prominent individuals and leaders of other Arab tribes; key Turkish military personnel; and individuals being held as prisoners of war including British military personnel.The volume was published in Calcutta by the Superintendent Government Printing, India.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 67; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; the Court of Directors of the East India Company; the Foreign Office; the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd]. It is the first in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85479 and IOR/F/4/1959/85480). The enclosures to the letters are contained in the following items.The item concerns:The rescue of enslaved children and their subsequent placement in households or in a trade at Aden or Bombay, or their return homeThe prevalence of the trade in enslaved people at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] and ZanzibarDiscussions of how frequently women and children were kidnapped from India and enslaved and sold at Zanzibar, and whether the Imaum of Muscat’s ships were involvedDiscussions of how involved the Imaum of Muscat was in importing enslaved people to IndiaThe difficulties of enforcing treaties abolishing the trade in enslaved people, and in persuading the Imaum of Muscat to agree to such treatiesThe system of importing free labourers from Zanzibar to Mauritius and the British attempts to persuade the Imaum not to permit this system because it was often used to perpetuate slaveryThe case of the
Joshua Carroll, a ship seized by the British on suspicion of it being a slaving ship, and the claims of the company which chartered it that it was engaged in legitimate trade to transfer free labourers to MauritiusThe request of the Nawaub of Sucheen [Nawab of Sachin, Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan I] that the British return a dancing girl whom he had accused of theft and who had taken refuge at SuratAttempts of Neer Nusseer Khan of Sinde [Amir Nasir Khan Talpur] to persuade the British to pardon one of his officials who had been imprisoned for attempting to import nine children on his behalf.Affairs of the English brig
Maria:Captain Turner’s apology for confining one of the Imaum’s seaman in the
MariaThe false accusation of mate of the
Mariaof murderThe Imaum’s attempt to use the
Mariato obtain the inheritance of a man who died at Tamatava [Toamasina, Madagascar].The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 530 and terminates at f 694, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; Philip LeGeyt, the Senior Magistrate of Police at Bombay; the Government of India; Captain Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, British Political Agent at Aden. It is the second in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85478 and IOR/F/4/1959/85480).The item concerns:Instructions to magistrates concerning cases of enslaved women seeking asylum in British territories, including descriptions of individual cases, and details of one case where the Nawab of Sucheen [Nawab of Sachin, Ibrahim Mahomed Yakut Khan I] demanded the return of a dancing girl, claiming that she had stolen from himReports on the extent of the trade in enslaved people at Dieu [Diu] and GoaThe proclamation of the Raja of Suttara [Satara] that the buying or selling of enslaved people in his territory is illegalThe arrival of a Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] boat at Muscat suspected of having on board kidnapped Somalee [Somali] girlsDetails of twenty children who were shipwrecked on their way from Maculla [Al Mukalla] to Judda [Jeddah] to be sold; the subsequent situations found for the children in Aden and BombayThree stowaway boys from Muscat found on board the
Orwelland the
Hugh Lindsayand their subsequent positionsTwo boys found at Tannah [Thune] who claimed to have been brought from Aden by a Portuguese man to Bombay who later abandoned themThree Indian girls who were rescued from slavery by the Native Agent at Muscat, Rubik bin Uslan [Aslan]; the circumstances of their kidnapping from India; their return to IndiaInvestigations about the prevalence of the kidnapping of Indian women and girls to be sold at Zanzibar, the importation of enslaved people into Bombay, and the involvement of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sulṭan Al Bu Sa‘id]The importation of enslaved people from the coast of Africa to Zanzibar, and from Zanzibar to the Persian GulfProposal of measures to eliminate the trade in enslaved people.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 695 and terminates at f 866, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Government of India; Reuben bin Aslan, East India Company Agent at Muscat; and Philip LeGeyt, Senior Magistrate of Police at Bombay. It is the third in a series of six items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2066/94846, IOR/F/4/2066/94847, IOR/F/4/2066/94849, IOR/F/4/2066/94850, and IOR/F/4/2066/94851).The item concerns:Investigations in Calcutta [Kolkata] into accusations against ‘Ali Abdulla of the
Aden Merchantthat he bought an enslaved boy in AdenThe rescue of a boy at Judda [Jeddah] and attempts to reunite him with his family in Alleppy [Alleppey]The detention of four British Indian subjects enslaved at Muscat, and correspondence with the Acting Governor of Muscat, Syed Sooweynee [Sayyid Thuwaini bin Sa’id Al Bu Sa’id] on the subject.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 73, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4548, [Season 18]44’, ‘Collection No 1 of No 16’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 383 and terminates at f 414, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. It is the fifth in a series of seven items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2014/89996, 89997, 89998, 89999, 90001, and 90002). The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Atkins Hamerton, Her Majesty’s Consul and Agent in the dominions of His Highness the Imam of Muscat; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden.This item concerns:Hamerton’s observations of the increase in the slave trade at ZanzibarHaines’s report of his rescue of a young enslaved girl named Shockowar at Aden, who had been conveyed there by Hadj Abdulla [Ḥājjī ‘Abdullāh al-Ḥabashī].The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 666, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4079, [Season 18]43’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 234 and terminates at f 242, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.