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85. Treaty with the Ameers of Sind; and Persian Gulf Affairs
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises enclosures to a despatch from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai] Secret Department to the Secret Committee: Bombay Secret Letter 25 May 1821. The enclosures are dated 20 December 1820-12 May 1821. (Attached to folio 5 is a note, f 5a, stating that the ‘Enclosure in Bombay Secret Letter of 18th October 1820 is missing’).The initial enclosure (numbered 1) is a letter dated 10 February 1820 from George Swinton, Secretary to the Government at Fort William, to Francis Warden, Chief Secretary to the Government, Bombay, conveying the Governor-General’s pleasure that the threatened rupture of relations between the British Government and the Ameers of Sind [Amirs of Sindh] has been averted and a treaty negotiated, and approbation of Captain Sadler who was sent as an envoy to Hyderabad to restore good relations.The remaining enclosures, with their relevant enclosures, are: despatches from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d’Affaires in Tahran [Tehran] to the Marquis of Hastings, Governor-General of Bengal; despatches from H R Deschamps, Acting Political Agent and Captain Commanding at Kishma [Qeshm, also spelled Kishm and Kishmee in this item], to Francis Warden; and instructions issued by Warden to Dr Andrew Jukes with relevant enclosures. They relate to the complaint by Persia [Iran] about the British occupation of the island of Kishm, and comprise the following groups of papers:(1) Willock’s correspondence with the Persian Prime Minister and with the Minister for Foreign Affairs, in which Willock disputes the Persian contentions on the following points:Whether the occupation of Kishm is a violation of Article 11 of the Treaty between Persia and Britain (prohibiting British ships of war going to Persian ports without express permission)Whether the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat, had the right to authorize the relocation of the British detachment at Rosul-Khyma [Ra's al-Khaymah, also spelled Ras-sol-Khyma in this item] to Kishm and Hengaum [Hengam] and if Muscat is a dependency of Bunder Abassi [Bandar Abbas] and hence of PersiaWhether it is the prerogative of the Prince of Fars to take steps to prevent ‘piracy’ (of the Joasemees [al-Qawāsim]) and ensure security in the Persian Gulph [Gulf] or if a permanent British naval presence was and is more effectiveWhether Captain William Bruce, Political Resident in the Persian Gulph [Gulf], should be removed from his post (and pay reparation for damaged and lost property) for interfering at Bahrein [Bahrain] in efforts to suppress ‘piracy’ which were the business of the Prince of Sheraz [Shiraz] and the Imaum of Muscat; and for being responsible for the ‘unwarranted’ seizing of the arms of 300 men of Lingua [Bandar-e-Lengeh] and fourteen of their boats which were all destroyed following a storm, and for the burning of ships at the port of Charack [Bandar-e Chārak, also spelled Charak in this item], in alleged retaliation for attacks on British subjects.The correspondence also covers Willock’s attempts to: dissuade or delay the sending of Persian representatives to Kishm and Bombay, respectively, to ask the British to leave Kishm and to remonstrate over the occupation to the Government of India; and to exonerate Captain Bruce from responsibility for the events at Lingua and Charack.(2) Letters from the Acting Political Agent and Captain Commanding at Kishma, to the Chief Secretary to the Government, Bombay, reporting that he has placated the vakeel sent with a letter (ff 29-30) by the Hussin Ally, Prince of Shiraz [Husayn 'Ali Mīrzā Farmānfarmā, Prince-Governor of Fārs] and that he has received intelligence that the Prince is amassing a force of 12,000 near Bunderabbas [Bandar Abbas], which could not be repulsed by the small British military establishment on the island (detailed on f 30).(3) Detailed background and instructions (ff 34-43) to Dr Jukes issued by the Government of Bombay for his mission to the Persian Gulph in which he is to allay the claims and suspicions of Persia and conduct himself as the situation, however it develops, may warrant. In particular Jukes is instructed: to investigate the claims of the Imaum of Muscat and Persia to the island of Kishma; verify whether the Prince of Shiraz has amassed a force near Bunder Abbas; direct the detachment to withdraw to Muscat if hostilities look inevitable; how to act with regard to Captain Bruce; to be the Political Agent at Kishme on the recall of Captain Thompson. The instructions are accompanied by copies of letters of authority, introduction and information (ff 44-65), including: letters from the Government of Bombay addressed to Willock, the King [Shah] of Persia, the Prince of Sheeraz [Shiraz] and the Imaum of Muscat; detailed report by Major-General Lionel Smith, dated 23 April 1821, on the advantages of Kishme and how to best use it to check ‘piracy’ and in general how to police the Gulph (ff 48-57); and letters to the Officer Commanding the Troops and Acting Political Agent, and the Officer Commanding HC [Honourable Company] Cruisers at Kishm.The last enclosure ends with a list of the four enclosures comprising Bombay Secret Letter 25 May 1821.Physical description: The despatch comprises enclosures numbered 1-4. The enclosure number is written for reference on the verso of the last folio of each enclosure.
86. File 252/1910 Pt 1 'Persian Gulf: Lighting and Buoying; the B.I.S.N. Co's buoyage system taken over by Govt of India'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises telegrams, despatches, correspondence, memoranda, reports, plans, photographs, indentures and tables relating to the lighting and buoying of the Persian Gulf.The discussion in the volume relates to the transfer of the responsibility for lighting and buoying from the British India Steam Navigation Company to the Government of India, and the planning, costs of construction and the diplomacy associated with this.Included in the volume (ff 303-310) is the 'Report of a Committee of Enquiry on the Lighting and Buoyages of the Persian Gulf'. Key locations identified for lighting are: Muscat, Little Quoin, Jezirat Tanb, Sheikh Shuaib, Kubbar Island, Ras Al Arz, Fasht ad Dibal.The volume is part 1 of 2. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part of the year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the loose spine with 444; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
87. File 4011/1923 Pt 1 'PERSIAN GULF NEGOTIATIONS 1928-33. BASIDU.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume relates to the British occupation of Basidu, situated on Kishm [Qeshm] Island in the Gulf, close to the south coast of Persia [Iran], and occupied by the British since the early 1820s. It is stated in the correspondence that the site had been used mainly as a coal depot for British naval vessels until 1913, and that since then it has been retained on 'political grounds', as a potential bargaining asset in negotiations with Persia.The correspondence primarily concerns the British claim (or lack thereof) to Basidu, in the event of the Persian Government questioning Britain's ongoing occupation. It covers the history of Basidu's status and the various existing agreements that relate to it, as part of an attempt by the British to gather documentary evidence to support their claim. Also discussed are a number of reported incidents at Basidu, involving British representatives and the local Persian authorities, mainly regarding customs, taxes, and the presence of the British naval guard. In addition, the correspondence touches on Anglo-Persian relations in general, with occasional references being made to ongoing treaty negotiations between the two countries.The volume's principal correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the British Minister in Tehran; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; officials of the India Office, the Foreign Office, the Admiralty, and the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department. Other notable but less frequent correspondents include the following: the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; the Viceroy of India; the Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station; the Law Officers of the Crown.Included with the correspondence are several related documents, including the following: two sketch maps (f 622); copies (in English and Arabic) of a treaty dated 1856 between Muscat and Persia, in which the Imam of Muscat acknowledges Kishm Island as being part of the Persian Empire (f 179 and ff 221-223); draft and final copies of an India Office memorandum dated 18 October 1933, outlining Britain's understanding of the history of the status of Basidu from 1720 to 1928, including extracts from nineteenth century reports and related correspondence (ff 46-54 and ff 123-159); a submission of reference, prepared by the India Office and the Foreign Office, for the Law Officers of the Crown, requesting the latter's legal opinion on the strength of the British claim to Basidu (ff 43-45 and ff 67-83); a copy of a secret report on Basidu, prepared by the Commander-in-Chief at the East Indies Station, containing extracts from the East Indies Station's records and notes from the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf (ff 16-38).The Arabic language material consists of the aforementioned treaty text. The material written in French consists of small extracts from correspondence and treaty articles. It should be noted that there is no material covering the years 1924 and 1925.The volume includes two dividers, which give a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (ff 4-5).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 651; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
88. File 3516/1914 Pt 6 'German War: Persia; general situation May-July 1915'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns events that happened in Persia and Balochistan, during the First World War. The main focus is measures to be taken in the event of Persia entering the War against Great Britain.The volume covers:Advice of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf on measures to be taken in Balochistan, in order to form alliances with the rulers (Khans) and maintain a British Protectorate after the war.Recommendations of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf on reinforcing British troops at Bushire.Situation in Tehran, and the arrest at Bushire of the German Consul, Listemann.Offering of so-called 'bribes' to the Bakhtiari tribe and to other tribes in Arabistan, to convince them to support the British.Despatch of Russian troops in northern Persia, at Enzeli [Bandar Anzali, Iran], and Resht [Rasht, Iran].Assassination of Alexandre Kaver, Russian Vice-Consul and Manager of the Russian Bank at Isfahan.Situation at Kermanshah; withdrawal of the British Consul for Hamadan and evacuation by British and Russians.Translations of telegrams from the Persian Foreign Ministry regarding the War.German plot in Persia, led by the German Consul at Shiraz, Herr Wassmuss, with support of the Swedish gendarmerie.Protest of Persian Government against British military operations in Arabistan.Naval measures for the defence of Persian Gulf ports.Arrival of Russian troops in Isfahan, centre of German activities in Persia.Notes on the political situation in Persia by Vice-Admiral Edmond Slade.Attack on Anglo-Persian Oil Company's British employees drilling on the Island of Kishm [Qeshm, Iran].Resignation of Persian Cabinet on 3 July 1915; difficulties in the formation of a new cabinet.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Charles Hardinge, Viceroy of India; Thomas William Holderness and Arthur Hirtzel, India Office; Percy Cox, Political Resident in Persian Gulf; Walter Gordon Neale, Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf; Walter Beaupre Townley and Charles Marling, British Ministers at Tehran; W MacDouall, British Consul for Kermanshah; G Grahame, British Consul-General at Isfahan, Eyre Alexander Barby Wichart Crowe, Foreign Office; Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; John Nixon, General Officer Commanding, Force 'D', Basrah; the Admiralty; Imperial Bank of Persia; Anglo-Persian Oil Company; Strick, Scott and Co.There is a newspaper cutting, from The Times.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 239; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-237; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
89. Copy of a Letter from HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia, Henry Willock, in Tehran, to Major-General Sir William Grant Keir
- Description:
- Abstract: Copy of a letter from HM Chargé d’Affaires to Persia [Iran], Henry Willock, in Tehran, to Major-General Sir William Grant Keir, of 10 March 1820. The letter concerns the British aim of establishing a base in the Persian Gulf from which to suppress ‘piracy’ following the British expedition against the al-Qawasim and their allies, with a particular interest in the island of Kishma [Qeshm], over which the Persian Government disputes sovereignty with the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat. Willock details his communications with the Persian Ministers on the subject, in absence of the Shah, who is at Kashan. He also relates the Persian concerns regarding British expansion into the Gulf, and offers proposals for inducing the Persians to acquiesce to a British base on Kishma.The letter was enclosed in Willock’s letter to the Secret Committee of the East India Company of 17 March 1820 (see IOR/L/PS/9/68/254), which was received on 13 July 1820.Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
90. Copy of a Letter from Henry Willock, Chargé d'Affaires in Persia, to Joseph Dart, Secretary of the Court of Directors
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a letter from Henry Willock, HM Chargé d'Affaires in Persia [Iran], to Joseph Dart, Secretary to the Court of Directors of the East India Company, sent from Tehran and dated 8 February 1821.The letter forwards an extract of a dispatch from Captain Thomas Thompson, Commander of the British troops on Kishma [Qeshm] (IOR/L/PS/9/69/61).Physical description: 1 item (2 folios)
91. Diary and Consultations of Mr Alexander Douglas, Agent of the East India Company at Gombroon [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] in the Persian Gulf, commencing 2 October 1760 and ending 30 December 1761
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is in the form of a diary, which contains records of consultations at the Gombroon [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] Factory. The Chief Agent, Alexander Douglas, and the Factory's Council member Dymoke Lyster, headed the consultations. They recorded the daily activities, the administrative decisions made, letters sent and received, as well as visits to and from the Factory. Records of significant political and military operations in the region are also preserved.Among the main details and issues recorded in the diary are the following:Reports of the enmity between Carem Caun [Karīm Khān Zand, Vakil of Persia, also written as Carim] and Nasseir Caun [Nāsir Khān Āl Mazkūr, Shaikh of Būshehr, ruled 1162-1203/c 1749-1788]The Imaum of Muscat's [Imam of Muscat, also written as Muscatt] assisting Nasseir Caun and the Benimine [Banu Mu‘in, also written Benime] and Charrack Arabs [Al-‘Ali, based at Charrack, modern (Bandar) Charak] in their wars with the Arabs of Julfar [Julfār, in what is now Ra's al Khaymah]Exchange of letters between the Agent, and the President and Governor-in-Council at Bombay, Charles CrommelinRecords of the activities of French and Dutch vesselsThe arrival of wool from Carmenia, [Kerman, also written as Cermina]Records of letters received from the Linguist (i.e. interpreter) at CarmeniaRumours of Sharrook Caun [Shāhrokh Mīrzā Afshār, c 1734-1796, Governor of Kerman] being killed during the siege of Bahabad [?] in October 1760Reports of engagement between Shaik Ally Caun (Shaikh Ali Khān Zand, Sardar = one of Carem Caun's generals) and the joint troops of Fattally Caun [Fath Ali Khān Afshar, General] and Azad Caun [Āzād Khān Ghilza'ī, Beglerbeg of Azarbāijān]Reports of plague spreading among Carem Caun’s troops in Tauroun [Tehran, also written as Tairoun]Accounts of damaged cloth delivered out of the Company’s warehouseCommunication with Jaffar Caun [Ja‘afar Khān Āl Mazkūr, Governor of Gombroon and brother of Nāsir Khān]Communication with Saddock/ Sadduck Caun of Schyrash [Sadiq Khān Zand, Governor of Shiraz, and brother of Karīm Khān] to protect the LinguistNews of the Drakeand the Swallowbeing detained at Bussorah [Basra, also written as Bossarah]The removal of William Shaw from the charge of the Bussorah ResidencyCopies of the Committee of Accounts' remarks on the Gombroon accounts, particularly regarding the table expensesThe Imaum of Muscat meeting with Shaik Rached [Rashid bin Matar, also written Rachid] of JulfarNews of the victory of Hossein Caun Cajar [Moḥammad Ḥasan Khān Qājār, Governor of Astarabad] over the troops of Carem Caun at Mazandroon [Mazandaran]News of tribal conflict at Kishme [Qishm, Qeshm]Reports of the scarcity of water at Ormuse [Jazīreh-ye Hormoz, Hormuz, Ormuz, also written as Ormus], and the Bennimine Arabs moving to reside at GombroonReports of the activities of Shaik Ramah [Raḥmah bin Maṭar al-Qāsimī, Shaikh of Julfār]Reports of Carem Caun putting the people of Arratt [Herat], and Paschavar [Peshawar] to his obedience.The diary includes records of letters exchanged between the Resident at Bussorah, William Shaw, and the Factory covering the following: details of events taking place at Bussorah and Bagdat [Baghdad]; trade with the Bashaw of Bagdat [Pasha of Baghdad]; and the delivery of packets to the Court of Directors via Aleppo and via Stambole [Istanbul].The diary also includes records of the arrival and departure of ships, including the Fezraboony(also written as Fuzerabooni), the Roumania, the Monmouth, the Godolphin, the Stormont, the Prince Edward, the Rose Galley, and the Fort William.Ships sailed mainly to and from Gombroon, Bombay, Bussorah, Bengall [Bengal], Muscat, Charrack, Madrass [Madras], Island of Kishme, the Mallabar Coast [Malabar], Judah [Jeddah], Ormus, Busshiere [Būshehr], Bassidore [Bāsaʻīdū], Batavia [Jakarta], and England.The diary was received on board the Swallowon 31 January 1762.The diary includes abstracts of the standard account disbursements for each month. These cover the following: garrison charges, hospital charges, table expenses, merchandised charges, the Afseen [Afsin] Garden, extraordinary charges, servants' wages, and ships' charges.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 72; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
92. Diary and Consultations of Mr Alexander Douglas, Agent of the East India Company at Gombroon [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] in the Persian Gulf, commencing 3 August 1754 and ending 31 July 1755.
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is in the form of a diary, which contains records of consultations at the Gombroon [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] Factory. The Chief Agent, Alexander Douglas, and the Factory’s Council members Richard Secker and John Parsons, headed the consultations. They recorded the daily activities, the administrative decisions made, letters sent and received, as well as visits to and from the Factory. Records of significant political and military operations in the region are also preserved.Among the main details and issues recorded in the diary are the following:Reports of the Ballooches [Baluch] entering PersiaReports of Ahmed Shaw Affghoon [Ahmad Shah Afghan Dorrani, also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali ruled 1747-1772; the forename is also written in the volume as Ahmet and Ashmed] taking the towns of Mushad [Mashhad], Neshabour [Nishapur] and Hiraut [Herat]; and building a city and calling it Amadabad [Ahmedabad]News of Ahmed Shaw appointing Nasseir Caun [Nāsir Khān Āl Mazkūr, Shaikh of Būshehr, ruled 1162-1203/c 1749-1788] as the Beglerbeg [Beglerbegi/ Beylerbeyi is Turkish and Azeri for Governor-General] of the Hot CountriesNews of Ahmed Shaw appointing Sharroock Caun [Shāhrokh Mīrzā Afshār, c 1734-1796, Governor of Kerman] as Governor of Carmenia [Kerman, also written Cermina]The enmity between Carem Caun [Karīm Khān Zand, Vakil of Persia, also written as Carim] and Azad Caun [Āzād Khān Ghilza'ī, d 1782, Beglerbeg of Azarbāijān]The arrival of wool from CarmeniaRecords of letters received from the Linguist (i.e. interpreter) at Carmenia advising on the amount of wool sent and the billsRecords of a petition raised by Jacques Charles Hermet, formerly Linguist at Spahaun [Isfahan]Reports of Moolah Ally Shaw [Mulla Ali Shah fl 1740-1760], the Governor of Gombroon taking possession of the castle of Ormuse [Jazīreh-ye Hormoz, Hormuz, Ormuz]The appointment of William Nash as the Factory’s SecretaryNews of Moolah Abdul Carem Guialadary [Mulla Abd al-Karim Gallahdari, one of Nasseir Caun’s principal officers, also written as Kerim] revolting against himThe enmity between Carem Caun and Nasseir CaunNews of military engagement between Nasseir Caun and the Hoolah [Hawla] ArabsRecords of the activities of French and Dutch vesselsRecords of shipped commodities such as cotton, iron, sugar, tin, copper, spices, salt, peppers, and coffeeThe appointment of Francis Wood, Resident for the Company’s affairs at Bunderick [Bandar-e Rīg]News of Moolah Ally Shaw’s forces facing those of Shaik Rama of Julfar [Raḥmah bin Maṭar al-Qāsimī, Shaikh of Julfār] at the Island of Kishme [Qishm, or Qeshm].The diary includes records of letters exchanged between the Factory Agent and the President and Governor-in-Council of Bombay, (Richard Bourchier) and the rest of the council members. It also includes records of letters sent and received from the Resident at Bussorah [Basra, also written as Bussora] William Shaw. They cover details of the situation at Bussorah and Bagdat [Baghdad]; the activities of the Dutch and their fortification of Carack [also written Carrack, modern (Bandar) Charak]; the relations with the Turks; the affairs of some Armenian prisoners; ships sailing and arriving; and news received from the British Consulate at Aleppo. William Shaw also provides a detailed account of the conduct of two British subjects Robert Baldrick and Francis Walker, among the supra cargoes in the ship Prince Edward’scommission.The diary includes records of the arrival and departure of ships, including the Neptune galley, the Alice sloop, the Rose galley, the Prince George, the Stafford, the Indian Queen, the Hardwicke, the Warwick, the Fezraboony[ Fayz Rabbani], the London, the Kent, the Bridgewater, the Swallow, and the Cadaree.The ships sailed mainly to and from Gombroon, Bombay, Bussorah, Bunderick, Bengal [also written as Bengall], Surat, Madras [also written as Madrass], China, Batavia [Jakarta], Mocha, Ormuse, Busshier [Būshehr, also written as Bussheir, Busshere, and Busshire] and the Mallabar [Malabar] Coast.The diary includes abstracts of the standard account disbursements for each month. These cover the following: table expenses, garrison charges, the Afseen [Afsin] Garden, merchandised charges, extraordinary charges, stable charges, servants' wages, ships’ charges, and Factory repairs.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 88; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.Pagination: the file also contains an original pagination sequence.