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1. ‘Secret Letters received, by way of Marseilles, June 1. 1857.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries of official secret letters received, from an unnamed source (undated, and dated 22 April 1857, Number 19), and from Bombay [presumably the Government of Bombay] (30 April 1857, Numbers 88-96; and 1 May 1857, Numbers 97-98).The summaries mostly relate to Afghanistan, Cashmere [Kashmir], the Punjab and elsewhere in India [or now Pakistan], China, Perim [Mayyun], Persia, Aden, and the Kooria Mooria Islands [Khuriya Muriya Islands].Physical description: 1 item (10 folios)
2. ‘Secret Letters received, by way of Marseilles, July 2 1855’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the Governor General of India (10 May 1855, Numbers 2-3), the President in Council (17 May 1855, Numbers 29-32), and the Government of Bombay (26 May 1855, Numbers 38-42). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The subject matter of the letters from the Governor General (folios 1-3) is the conduct of the French adventurer General Maha D’Orgoni and the successful signing of the Anglo-Afghan Treaty – including commendations for Herbert Benjamin Edwardes (Commissioner for Peshawar) and John Lawrence (High Commissioner for Punjab).The letters from the President in Council (folios 4-8) include an update on the dispute between the Gulab Singh, the Maharaja of Cashmere [Kashmir], and his nephew Jowahir Singh; an update on the war between Nepal and Thibet [Tibet]; and updates from Pegu, Punjab, and Kokan.The section from Bombay – folios 9-11 – includes updates on the dispute between Persia and Muscat over Bunder Abbass [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] and the Somali Expedition. It also includes a very brief summary of horses and mules required by the Land Transport Corps in Mesopotamia.Physical description: 1 item (12 folios)
3. ‘Secret Letters received March 20: 1855 by way of Marseilles’
- Description:
- Abstract: This bundle consists of summaries, and partial transcripts, of secret letters received from both the Governor General of India (8 February, Numbers 7-13) and the Government of Bombay (16 February, Numbers 14-17 and 19-20). The amount of detail for each entry therefore varies.The subject matter of the letters from the Governor General (folios 19-61) includes the following: criticism of the Government of India's Punjab Frontier Policy from Major John Jacob, Nepalese military preparations for an invasion of Thibet [Tibet], news from Burmah [Burma], discussion over whether the Government of India should intervene in a feud between Gulab Singh – the Maharaja of Cashmere [Kashmir] – and his nephew Jowahir Singh, and discussion over the line of policy the Government of India should take over a proposed treaty of friendship with Afghanistan.The section from Bombay consists of two folios only (folios 62-63). They consist of brief updates on Aden and the Persian Gulf.Physical description: 1 item (46 folios)
4. 'Précis of correspondence, &c., relating to affairs in Central Asia, Biluchistan, Persia, &c. 1875-77. With appendices.'
- Description:
- Abstract: A compilation of correspondence, reports, memoranda, gazetteer extracts, dispatches and statistics, prepared by Trevor Chichele Plowden, the Officiating Under-Secretary to the Government of India Foreign Department. Printed in Calcutta, by the Foreign Department Press, 1878.The volume contains:'Chapter I. Correspondence relating to the establishment of a friendly understanding between England and Russia as to the general policy of the two Governments in Central Asia, with special reference to Afghanistan.''Chapter II. The Turkomans of the Attrek [Etrek], Akhal [Ahal], and Merv [Mary], and their relations with Russia, Persia, Afghanistan, and England.''Chapter III. Relations of the British Government with Biluchistan [Balochistān].''Chapter IV. Relations between the British Government, Cashmere [Kashmīr], and the Frontier States of Chitral [Chitrāl], Yassin [Yāsīn] and Dir [Dīr].''Chapter V. Events in Kashgar [Kāshgar] during 1875-1877. ''Chapter VI. Events in the Khanate of Kokand during 1875-1877.''Chapter VII. Events in the Khanate of Khiva during 1875-1877.''Chapter VIII. Events in the Khanate of Bokhara [Bukhara] during 1875-1877.''Chapter IX. Miscellaneous.'Appendices.The volume includes two fold-out maps: one stored in a pocket inside the front board; and one at folio 207.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 279; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
5. Affairs in Sinde, Lahore and Afghanistan
- Description:
- Abstract: This item comprises copies of enclosures to a despatch from the Government of India Secret Department (Fort William) to the East India Company Secret Committee, Number 4 of 1838, dated 21 February 1838. The enclosures are dated 7 August-25 November 1837.The primary correspondents are: Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Pottinger, Agent to the Governor-General for Sinde [Sindh]; William Hay Macnaghten, Secretary to the Government of India; Captain Claude Martine Wade, Political Agent at Loodeana [Ludhiana, also spelled Loodiana, Lodhiana and other variations in this item]; and Captain Alexander Burnes, on a Mission to Cabool [Kabul, this spelling also used in the item and other variations].Enclosures 3-23 (ff 544-615) comprise despatches between Pottinger and Macnaghten. The despatches concern: British relations with the Ameers [Amīrs] of Sinde and negotiations for the establishment of a British Residency at Hyderabad [also spelled Hydrabad in this item]; relations and disputes between the Ameers of Sinde; relations between the Ameers of Sinde and the Government of Lahore [also spelled Lahor in this item]; and general political and military affairs in Sinde.The papers notably cover:British threats to neither exert influence over Sikh Ruler Maharajah Runjeet [Maharaja Ranjit] Singh for the restoration of the Mazari [also spelled Muzaree in this item] districts to the Ameers nor to discourage the former from attacking Sinde, in response to the Ameers ‘procrastination’ regarding a British Residency in their capitalThe suspension of the Native Agent in Hyderabad for over-reaching his remit in negotiations with the Ameers regarding the Residency, and the appointment of his replacementThe return of Sindhian envoys from negotiations at the court of Runjeet Singh at Lahore, and Wade’s opinion that the Maharajah will not insist on the pecuniary conditions he has apparently imposed for the return of Mazari territory to the Ameers and for the withdrawal of the Sikh garrison at Rajan [Rajanpur or Rojhan?]Enclosures 24-59 (ff 616-766) comprise despatches between Wade and Macnaghten and between Burnes and Macnaghten. The despatches concern British policy towards and relations with the ruling parties in Afghanistan and with Maharajah Runjeet Singh; the latter two’s relations with each other notably over Peshawar [also spelled Peshawur in this item]; Afghan relations with Persia [Iran] and Russia; and general political, economic and military affairs in Afghanistan and the Punjab. Burnes’s despatches are forwarded to Macnaghten by Wade and often include Wade’s disparaging remarks on Burnes’s situation assessments and actions, in addition to his own political analyses.The papers notably cover and include:Intelligence regarding the political situation in Cabool, Kandahar [also spelled Candahar in this item] and Herat, forwarded by Charles Masson from Afghanistan (ff 617-619, ff 622-623, ff 640-642, ff 646-650)Information concerning Kambar Ali Khan [Qanbar ʿAlī Khān, also spelled Kumbar in this item], the Persian envoy sent to KandaharThe despatch by Dost Mahomed Khan [Dūst Muḥammad Khān Bārakzāy] of an envoy to the Ruler of Kunduz regarding a potential alliance (ff 621-624)Burnes’s arrival at Peshawar and conclusion that Runjeet Singh would privately like to return the territory to the governorship of Sooltan Mahomed Khan [Sulṭān Muḥammad Khān Bārakzāy], as it is a drain on his Government’s finances (f 632)Burnes’s arrival at Khaibar [Khyber, this spelling also used in this item], and meetings with Kour Kurruck Singh [Kaur Kharak Singh, also spelled Kour Kharak Singh in this item], during which he emphasises the commercial intentions of the British MissionWade’s refutation of Burnes’s assertion that it would be easy to open the road through the Khaibar Pass and develop commerce between Punjab and Afghanistan (ff 687-691)Burnes’s report on the ‘Political Power of the Sikhs Westward of the Indus’ (ff 708-715) with Wade’s observations thereon (ff 693-698), and notes by Wade on the history and military career of Runjeet Singh (ff 693-705)Burnes’s reception in Cabool, conversations with Dost Mahomed, and opinion of the latter’s aggrandizement ambitions at the expense of his ‘brothers’ in Peshawar (f 750)Concerns expressed by Wade and the Government of India that Britain should not overtly mediate between the Sikhs and Afghans regarding control of Peshawar, and that Burnes: does not appear to act on behalf of Dost Mahomed, which could antagonise Britain’s ally Runjeet Singh and the Kandahar Sirdars [Sirdārs, leaders]; encourages Dost Mahomed to reconcile with his brother Sooltan Mahomed Khan and with the Maharajah; and emphasises that Britain will not intervene until Dost Mahomed relinquishes all connection with PersiaBurnes’s reports on the relations of the Kandahar sirdars with Persia and the Russian minister at Tehran, including the possibility of Kohin Dil Khan [Kuhandīl Khān Muḥammadzay] sending his son with an envoy to Persia (ff 717-726)British policy of averting the extension of Persian and Russian influence over Afghanistan, maintaining the divided distribution of power in Afghanistan, and prioritizing British relations with the Sikh and Sindhian rulersBurnes report that Shah Kamran [Shāhzādah Kāmrān Durrānī], Ruler of Herat, has acknowledged allegiance to Persia and sent an envoy to Tehran (f 744)Wade’s concern regarding Runjeet Singh’s apparent growing infirmity of mind and ‘misgovernment’ (ff 674-675)The favourable reception at Lahore of a Nepalese Mission (ff 666-669)A rebellion in Kashmir (ff 670-672)A dispute between the rulers of Bhawalpoor [Bahawalpur, also spelled Bahawalpoor in this item] and Mooltan [Multan], causing disruption to the indigo trade in Cabool.Physical description: 1 item (233 folios)
6. An Account of a Journey in Kashmir by David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer and Letters from Emily Overend Lorimer to her Parents sent from Bahrain and Kerman
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of two separate physical files as follows:1) An account of a journey in Kashmir in 1898-99 written by David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer of the Indian Army. His account is entitled 'Three Months of Privilege Leave'. It contains his observations on the languages, peoples, transport, flora and fauna, trade and climate of the region. There are occasional edits and corrections to the original text marked in red pen. The Persian language material in the file is a proverb written on folio 194.In addition to this travel diary, the following is enclosed: an essay by Lorimer entitled 'Modern Education' dated 9 February 1895 (folios 1-24); two copies of a pamphlet that was published 'for private circulation' in memory of David's brother, John Gordon Lorimer, following his death on 8 February 1914 (folios 255-262); and another essay by Lorimer entitled 'Our Indian N.W. Frontier - a study in a bye-gone Civilisation. A forgotten Chapter of Frontier History' (folios 221-253).2) Copies of letters that were sent from Emily Overend Lorimer to her parents, Thomas George Overend and Hannah Kingsbury. The letters describe the lives of Emily and her husband, David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer (referred to as 'Lock' in the letters), while living in Bahrain from October 1911 until November 1912 (folios 263-310) and in Kerman from January 1913 until November 1914 (folios 313-634). David served as Political Agent in Bahrain 1911-12 and as HM Consul, Kerman and Persian Baluchistan, 1913-14.The letters discuss a range of topics including Lorimer's observations of local customs, food, climate, scenery and festivals; the couple's domestic life and arrangements (especially their servants, who are often discussed in racialised, insulting language); and her interactions with other non-local residents. Also discussed are Lorimer's reading habits, her and her husband's health, family news and, occasionally, world events and political developments.On folios 322-324, the file contains a description of a walk around Kerman in March 1914 that is accompanied by a sequence of six small black and white photographs of various points in the journey (folios 315-321).In addition to these letters, the file also contains a number obituaries and letters of condolence written upon the death of David's brother, John Gordon Lorimer, on 8 February 1914 (folios 299-302, 415-416 and 543-544).On folio 417, the file contains an obituary of David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer published in an unknown newspaper following his death on 26 February 1962.Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of volume one (ff 1-262) and terminates at the inside back cover of volume two (ff 263-634); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
7. Coll 28/37 ‘Persia. Position of British Subjects & British Protected persons under Persian Nationality Law.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers relating to the status of British Indian subjects and British-protected persons in Persia [Iran], in the wake of the ratification of the Persian Law of Nationality in 1929. Correspondence is chiefly exchanged between representatives of the British Legation at Tehran, the Foreign Office, the Government of India’s Foreign and Political Department, and the India Office. The file includes:Correspondence between British officials over the status of persons of Kashmiri and Kurrami origin, now resident in Persia.English-translated copies of the Persian Law of Nationality of 1929, along with subsequent supplementary articles and revisions.Sample copies of statutory declarations for British Indians and British-protected subjects living in Persia.The file contains a number of items in French (Government of Persia correspondence) and a single item in Persian (f 67).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 555; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-552; these numbers are also written in pencil and. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.